ĸϹԡ
ߣӰ
1.1
աաաա
ѧ¥ﴫһ߸ЬȻذԽԽҵҲԽԽ죬ôƵĽŲ̫Ϥˡ
Ƭ̺һɫְװȹĴŮ߽˰칫ңһž¶ĹںڵĳԺϸĵۣڹ̣Ҷüεıɳɫĺ촽⣬ųŮ˶еԸ
İ֣¶ɫ£֫ϸǰԲɫֱͲȹɫ˿࣬ɫϸͷ߸Ьβ̣ͦ˫ȳ޳ְŮԵ֪
֣ƣǡҵĸϡˡ
˪ֱ֮ӳ˹û˵˦еİͷĳ˹æͷܣָ񵲣θϽĸм䣬ȰС裬С裬
Խεļʹðҵͷ۵ǲۣѽ
ˡ

һСʱڳ˫ỵ̂ϸָһһµûţû˵ѹֵգҸˡ
ǿ˰죬ڱﲻסˣûһϴɣͦģϵζһš
û˵бؿңޱ顣һЦͷ˵裬Ҵˣˡ
æϣûҴˣĴˣҵͲðҾ͸ҧҧˡ
ƤЦ˵ҲܴҸҽ㣬Ҿͱˡ
üͷһʲô߰ġ㣬½СѾͷ㴢ʲôأ
ԴСֹûûɶ׽ԲأҸǡɲһˡ
СϹſھѽǶϸˣ׽Բأôôأ
Ųš˾䡣
ʲô
ǣڲиǰʱ㻹ȥ˹
ƨĹš
ô˵Ҳһžô˵ôûء
һʣûӳ㣬Ҿ͹кˡ賤̾һڣַͷƣ˵˵ôһʲôˡ
һᣬͷĸ첲ϣƤЦĳֻãĺͶĻӴ˱ɳ񡣡
ͷϺݺݵһ£ĿңҲ˰죬һЦ˳һ쵽ûУʲôС
ôûˣء㿴Ůʧ⣬ٴ궼ҲǸ¥壬ʮˣءھͿʼ˵бҵ˾ͽˣѧûҵ㶼ˡ㿴ʮ̣֮ܵˡЩСãĽĽ
ҵءҡͷԽ˵Խֲˣ˵Ҷݽ𣬸Сͷ̫̫һ㳡ˡ
ҾſаʱקҰ֣Ϳһ¼Ƕһš󣬹㳡Ͽ˹߸һ𻭸ұߣһʺ硣߸һ𻭲ʺ磬ұߣٻһ߳һ趯ֱۡ
бҰ죬ֹһ䣺ðˡ
֣ҷ·߲ԣʵⲻǻؼҵ·Ķȥ
챱ѧУż٣ؼҡ
ýӣôˣԼؼҰ
Ťͷһۣ㶼ˣѧУмҳأ㻹˵ˡ
ǼĳӣҪ̳мҵģҪעӵȫѪ
ɢˡ
輱ˣҪٸߴߴ˵û꣬Ҿ³Լؼȥ
ҸϽ죬ͷŤһԡĬ˰죬̲סеĺ棬عͷСʵ裬ôѽôƽѽ
ô㣬ǲ
Ҳǣ͡е档㿴ƽԷһСƤǲСǷǲСƨת
üһСǷǲҸ˵ء˾˾һ¶㻹鷳ҹ̫ǲ
ɶ£˵ѽ˵һܿǽء
죬˵Ǹİ
㿴㿴һ˵ͼ֪ĻΪǰء
輱ͰȣǰĳΪ·ŭ֢أŵøϽԱŲ
費˵ˣһ̲סʵ˵ʵ½ûǸ
ĸ
ٸװ⣬㴲²صЩ־ΪҲ֪
ûУһǸءǳ˳ĿЩŮ
ղ˵ʲô˵ҾͿ쵱ˣ
ǲǸЦأôԸеĴ椣ôᵱء
ٸˣƶ졣ҾѽҪǸҸŪһҾ͸Ұˡ
ϣĶֲܰСȫʩ÷ǳá˼ðαӲƷҪȻԲġ
һŤͷҡʶ˵ˣ˼ͣͲ˰һ
ʲôˣԼòõò˵ûꡣ
УҲ˵ˣҵưͣ˰ɡ
ʹ˽⣬ϧ費ϵץסҵʹţ׷ʵղʲô˼ǲǸ½ʲôˣ
죬Ťһԣ˵
ץסҵļʹҡΣ˵˵װư͡
ָǰ棺··㿪ءؽͨ򣬵Ȼ㿪ˡ
Ұѻ˵ʲô˼ǲǸ½ʲôˣ
ǣ˰ɡҼˣֱ˵ʲôҸϸ̰
һӱסˣ˺ð죬ֶ̧Դһƣŭ㻹ǲΪǲ㣬Ҫ߿ˡ㲻˼ŵѧϰȥһ쵽ⷽĥѧϰܺõ˲
ѧϰأһֱǰ༶ǰʮ
ǡҪŬ꼶ǰʮˡ
ǰ̸˵Եġ
ҡǲԣҲûô͡;ʲô
ֲ˵췹ˣ˵ôɣ
Ŷǲǣ
Ҳ𡣡ҺٺɵЦ
쵰Ŀʼˡ
ǻ쵰衣ڳⷽ棬Ҵû¹˭衣ֻϧ
ֶ̧ҵĺ׾һơ
ʹ˵ÿ˵ͶִˡǳİȨ壬۹塣
裬ҾͰȨˣҾ͵۹ˣôšʲôʱҺˣҲܶҰȨ塣Ƴһۣҷ˸ۣ˵ǲµ㻨Ǯûˡ
ҸϽͷЦȻתƻ⣺~ Ҹշ֣ǲǡǲǡϴˡҲµĶԲԣ˵Բ԰ɣ
ϻ˭ϴ
ϴģƽʱһϴģ϶ر档ױܱ£ţ͵͸ݻĴǲҪʲôˣԼ᣿
Ҽͻ
𲻺˼ΪӣǺܿģԼҳġ
~ ͷ㡭һ£ԣٸתƻ⣬¶û˵ء
Ҽ쵽ѧУˣЦ˵쵽˿쵽ˣ¶ٶˣ±ϳˣСˣӰ첻á
㻹֪Ӱ첻ãҾûƤôˡ轫ͣ·ߣڳϣַŶͷ̾˿
Ц˵Ƥܳ٣Ƥܻ
ЦãƶģμӵȥɡƤӲͣɴȥ̨˵ȥɡ
ҺٺЦ˵Ҫȥ£̨һվظһĴָ˵ҡ
ЦںƤⷽ棬ǹҵġ
бڳϣ۽ĵشһۣ˵ģʵмŮԣȻѾʮıֵĺܺã̬飬۴ʲô·زܳŵԲģڼﴩżҾӷʱԡ
ǵ͵ķΪԵʣŮһòһݡβԲͦԸУУͲȹ棬һ֭Ĵңȴӷ׵ĸо
ΪԵʣװ˿߸ĺԸСȻһϸУȴһ˿ħҾ͵˿ŮѴȻڴһH. ֵǣôʲôɫ͵˿࣬ûдϵָо
Ȼ͵裬ûĸ񱣬ֻһ˵ĳ嶯ԼĿ׷ѡ͵͵ù˿ڼϴǹҲ˶ѣûҪô
裬Ǿ̫ˡҲġ
Һ˼֮ʱôѧУˣͬѧֵ󣬴򿪳ţ˽Ȼ˽
ͨӾһۣ̳ŵ㣬һŰ׾ĹƤβ裬پ£Ƥϸ壬ȫҲഺӡǡϸͬŮҪ߳ͷزѾʼˣСƨҲԲġ
Сʮ꣬˽ѧУһѧϰɼҲΪǵֻ꣬ûеӰС˵మǵ˳Լıơ
źӾЦ˵ϣ߷ѧ
ţˡ
õ⣬ѱϵжԱλһţЦ˵񾭲˵ǻˣмҳ
輱ˣصǣ˵ǲǣٺţ϶Է
С˵νҼʡ
ټʾͷ
ܷ߸ãʡ쿴~ ~ 
Ρ
ʹһ³ѣǵұ죬İһͶ
ýͷ̽˹С˵裬ġ
ҸϽӲ磺֤ȷʵ
һ͵ؿڳϣֱס۾Ҳ˵ճȭͷ΢΢ĲšŤͷãԹ㣬˭ģ
ó죺ģǼһѿӡ
ϷĶѿˣҼ̳˰˵ҳѿƲ˭ѽ
ÿңСһֱ棬һҲһ㵽ǲ׸ѽҽԺﱧ˰ɡŤͷקק·裬ǲҽԺﱧˣǲǰǲǰ
ûûûУ費ͷ˵ֳһģһҸģ˭ģİ
ҽӲѵ㿴㿴ġϣТ˳ĹŮ
Ц̾Ϣ˵үǣܲܰ㡣һģϰ͹ˣһź˵ʲôɣ
ϣһڣЦ˵ϡ
ҸϽҲȥһڣƤЦ˵裬Ҳϡ
úߵһ֪ѧ˼ңûһ㴴⡣
轫ҵƵһߣ˵УǰǣҲǡҪܰһҾ͸ˡ
ΪСûؼˣȥһٴͣؼҲϰһڼң˸ˡϴ齫Լ˳Է¶ˣ绰Ҳû
ҵֻûˣѱʼǱҲûˣղصҲȫȥˣ˵רѧϰ߿֮ٻҡװޣ¹򣬱˿ȣϧƨûУʯĳΪ
ҹֻܿѧϰʱˡ
ΪĩԵʣڶ˯ֻ֮úϰڳԷ
ʵأ
ְֻһ߳һ߿ϢûóҲûһۣ˵˾䣺Ͻ˸绰Ҵҵˡ
˰һ˵һζءһ˵һץ
üһĿңܲܽ㣬ˢٳԷ
˯£˼£˵ˢǸã
ϸȫԽˣˡöһߣԶԶġ
ʱϰֵֻˣһʾ̧ͷ˿ȥˡöҷƬ̣С˵ûоţϰġ
ϰһģСʱΪһǸعء
ں˵
û㿪Ц˵ġõҡ
̧ͷʲô˼
Ҳ֪ء
Ķ֪ġҺȻʲôЦŶ˵ãֻһ¡
衣ùϻؾ
һ£Ҿʹһ绰ñҷϣ˫ֺʮ
ϰֵֻ
ϰֽݰҲھãһ£ʹһ绰ϻ㡣һ˵һȥãϧһȲ
׷ȥæɳϣ˫ֻڱҹȥȥ̧ңһᣬɳϣ˳ѹȥֳƨȥֻĸˡ
ǾôĲһΪո𴲵ԵʣǶŵ˯£Ųϣϡܸоഺ¶ȣĶǻŮζ
ֵʱϰֳˣһʵʲôأ
쳤˲ӣϰ־ˣå~ 
̧ͷ˵ҽֻ衣
ϰüѵ⣺ˣ֪֪ŮбһҲӡ
ȻͬʱǣסõС֣˳ֽקһ·Ŭ죺һҲӡ˵ţֻ˹ȥҽӹתȥ
Ҹ½ȥһ绰ԼѧϰʵȻҪû顣
˴ϣһ죬ĺܡ
1.2
ϰֽ˵绰֮緹ûʹҴææĳȥˣҲ֪æЩʲô
ҵֻͱʼǱûˣֻɳһ߿һߵ½
ɳһֻ࣬ϣ۵СѾһһεģ⡣
ĥŵȻ½ˣһ£뽫ƭȥ
Ǹߡ
񾭲
ǰŤ˽ţ·һȳһյģǶʱҸտ˻Ʒɺ裬͸˸ߵšһʼͦŵģģҽҵģҲû취Ȼˣһ񾭲š
̹׵˵ҾŻеϲоͦҵʡ
ò׷ż죬ôͬѧȥ氡
Һò׷ż죬ԲҪڼ
ȥɡ
~ ~ ֻų˵
߬סԲɰĴָҡţȥ¡
ץŽֺҡΣҲûֻǲͷ˵㷳ˣһֱҳȥ
ҵȻҪϰΣҪдҵˡҼҡš
дģʲô¶ų˻
ڼңѧϰ
~ еŷѽܸѧϰ
Ҫ̫ˣһ뵽ڼҾķҵģû˼ѧϰˡ
߶ȥһš
תһԣСߺֱĴʫһֻߣ⣬ڼﲻߣ˼
ҲСѾһֻһߺ߳һ񾭲ԴͦӲÿ찤ƣʱ롣
ҸҪػ죬߹ȥţֻ½Цվ⡣
ĺУɫףɫŷֿ㣬ɫ˶Ьбһ黨裬ԲСϻ˵ױڼŮʡ
ͬŮҪߵö࣬Ҫҳƽˣȳƣ̬ׯûг̽ձļ󡣶ıӰеǰҼҵʱҾ͵·ԴܺǴʣҲйء
½ĸ״ǽʮˣСǼ棬Ҳ÷ˣҲ졣
ϣ˵ôһҳȥѽԭйҪѽֳ½к~ ɩӣþò
½ЦͲẦˣЦ˵ڼѽѧУżˣ
šõͷȻ죬һίĸ״Һò׷٣һҳȥҲ֪ʲôġ
˺ˣϻˡ½ĺ󱳳ߣһ߽Ӽһ˵һ£ϸ
ȥ䷽ĿյҴյߣѹ˵㿴Ӱȥȥ
ûȤͣһ£۾һתֱӸٿǮ
ĶôǮ
ǼʲóһŶֵٰʮġ
ʮ
١
ʮ
١
ˡ˵٣Ҷֱӳȥء
һ塣üҲˣԼʼ½ˡ
һ٣ҪҪҪ
һŵӰƱ
~ 
ټһ׶ͯϷ
թһٿǮӵӰƱƱⶼˡ
ҲֱӸҶ١
żϻûǶ£һҧ~ ټһ׶ͯϷͷ㡣ڸϽߡ
ƵС죺ôżҳȥ϶й
½ʱôϴš
ȥˣ
ȥӰˡ
Ŷһ˵óʱûˣĻء½Щʧ
Ҳͷ˵ѽʲôĵģһ˵꣬§ļҵߡ½˳ü˵żæŵġ
ҽƵźϷţȻ֣ЦĿƺǲµҵ˼Сһ죬Ҿ֪ûģ˵ʲôһѧϰ
Ȱ¶Ȼѧϰ
ǰ§ס˳ѹ˴ϣͳӣƵıϴ˹ȥֵҵϣƿ˵Ҹ˵ǲˡ
ֻβƵģ˫ִҸ´§סһһµ޳ѩײʵʲôˣ

ѽ~ ôôˣ˵¶ء½Žƿ
ҪǾϴH¡Ҽִȥ
½㿪ץͷ£յܲʵһ㡣
Դһί˵Һʵѽ㿴ҵֶû㡣һãƤЦӣʵʲô¶˵ɡ
½ڴߣ˵ݺݵһ١
Ϊʲôѽ費ǲ̸
ͷԥƬ̣˵ңǲǸˡ
ĸѽ
½֪֪ʣץͷıҵϣҸæЦ֪֪ˣԭǸѽɡǡô֪ģ˵ģ
Ťͷң΢˵ġأô֪ģ
Щͷѽô֪أӦòѽ
͵ָһ㣡һʲôطƳˡ
ʲôطܱƳġɵң˵ģ
ֲǱҸ˵¶ʲô
ô͵ģ
˵šҳƬ̣ʵô͵ģ
ңڴʲô˵ңҲá
~ ۵ãҡ
ģ
½ˣһɣקҶ䣬۵İϴУ˵ңҵĴ֣ۣ
½ſҵĶ䣬ʵ㵽ô˵ģ
˵׽Բء
ɵѽĶиѧ׽ԲصģŲŹ֡½ٶҵ
һô˵ܲ˵ҰɡԵŮåƵġ
ŮåءǣǸå
ȻأȻô˵ģʵ
һ٣Ҳû˵ɶ
Ц㿴ⲻͶˡǰϰһϵģȡЦСڶСڶĶвϴģͣŵŴ͵ˡҹ׼ˣHǳ¶
½üͷһ˵ܲܲ˵໰
˵ңǰ컹衻ء
½ˣ˵ȡ衻ġ
ɱƾװʲôʱˣ
͵ͨ죬ͷһʮ£һ̧첲񵲣һ˵ҴҴҴˣҴ˻
½ͣͦزһһŴݺݵĵңҪҡҾ͸˵
⻹ûأŸ״СҸСЬ
һۣҪҪ黹һء
΢΢һЦáɣԾһ뱻˩סء
˵ʲô½Ĺĵĵҡ
˵ģҪҪ黹һء
½ȻȦһ죬תߡ
æǰסС֣ǸҿЦأҿЦءᣬôܲءԸڵԸΪ֦һԶҪ飬϶øѪ˨
½ǿƬ̣̲סһЦ۽ǹ飬ѵܲеУһ쵽ǻģֱƵġ
ֹţ˵ԽԽˡ
½Ц˵㻹裿
Һԥ衣
Щ˼ˣȥ˵ţûûƤ
ڱʵˣֻ͹׷ƨɺ棬˵裬Hѧϰɡ
㡭½ŤͷңĴʵ㵽ѧѧҪѧҾ˰
ѧѧѧѧҼҪߣϽסô죬ʱߣס˵
½бһۣǰͳѧϰϣߴٵ㡣
ΣֻһѧϰȴèץƵģ²þټϴյôϴ¶ȣԼͷǵϴˮζԿأ͸һŻƵģ̵ϸߣӲ̡
Ȼ½ϱѧϰʵұĳɼҪãÿһдҵ̡Դһһ߸⣬ֲʵϣ·Ůϸ뵯ԣԺŽǹ·ӵͷ׮Ļ档
½Ҳûֹң͸ʲô¶Ҳûһҽ⡣
һҾŲ񫣬»·°ڴ˽ȥֻůģһƬỬסһѡ
ϧһûüܣͶû˵ñʼһֻһ̣۵ġϡһϽִ·˳
ҿͰ͵Ŀ½Ƭ̣֪ΪΣͻȻЦ˳Ҳڴʱۡһûסһƨ
һȺΣ½С糺죬Цղ˵ʲô
ҡ˵ʲôˣ
Ǹղšһ˵˵ʲôۡ
½ŷȡЦոˣܻ˵˵Ұ㡣
ҹȵЦ㰮Ҿ͸ƨһ
߳ŭϺ˼£۵ġϡҽУ㡣
ûúѧϰҪȥˡ½ʰؼҡ
˰죬¶ûأĶ׾ôˡҴӺ§ס󰴣૵Աܲ
½ֹͣʰŤͷ˵~ ֡
š
Ųţ
ҾͲš
㡭
½Ҫһһ˫ַֿôĶҵ֡ʵڱЩϻˣɴһݣע⣬ǰһƣһ§һȥ⿪Ŀӡ
½ѹź󱳣ǰ㣬˫ֳҪôŤ޷ҵϾǵһĿˣҲᳵ·¾ͽ⿪ϵͬڿһ¶Բѩ׵ƨɣΪƵԵʣԵø̡ͦ
ֻźɣһڿˮԼĿһʣӲĴ˲䵯˳
㡭ʲô½ԵЩš
ѽ
ҪӲҾ͸ȥѽ~ ȵȣ
˵ͬʱѾͦѨ⣬˶ĹͷŷҾϲķ֣͹ʪŢˡ
ʪˣװߣЦĳЦš
½Ѿ쵽Ӻȥˣҧ´ᴭϢţ֪ͽͣѾˡ
ʵͲסˣһַͷϻ£Ȼ׼Ѩڣһͦ缷һ֬⣬ֱӶѨ׻Ĵˬ˲ϯȫ
~ 
½һͦ﷢һԡ˲ϧͦ˿ͳ飬δεףӹҲһͨࡣ
ûŮ֪ǶҵΣͨ۲죬ҶԼļͻЩŵģÿνȥܰСѨŵģ¾ֹ
½˫ֳÿƨɱײӶһ¡
ڿֻʵȸ˫û취ֵ̫۷еĸĽѨˬʢ͵˼㡣
㡭š㡭𡭡ѽ
½ѩ׵ļѾȾ˷ۺɫҵĳǰʶţߺǳ֮ڶ
վ缢ƿʵķHŪţִ°ڴ˽ȥ˳Ź⻬߲סΣֱǰ⴦СĵĲ϶ܸоӣ˰ͷѾ̲ͦסһ󣬻һ߽Ľ
½ǰζΪԭ򣬽Ÿأϸ˫ֽץԵϢ֮಻Ҫ·ȥȴֲԸͣ壬ɴôСĺŮɬظֹͦ
̫ʱûˣHŪһ֮󣬾Ȼ⡣æͣס񣬳ŻὫѵúŪǰ⡣
ȡˡ½Ƭ̴Ϣ֮żأ΢΢š
Ƶǹ񫣬ĲǺܷ㣬ϵ£ͦӰ췢ӵġ§Сϸ򴲱ƶԾɲѨУÿһظоѨļѹࡣ
ҽڴϣ˶ЬץֻŵɫСѾСɿɰĽһڣ΢ĺζĴ̼ɵòһ
̬½ߺ죬Ѿ˳
ҪȥӣľѳۣҲҪˣ½ְҸ첲һߣԼͬڿһĿתĶǹ壬־˼ץ𱡱ϣֻ¶СԴߴҡ
Ķܵݴ̼˱ѣһϸȿڼϣͦǰ壬죬ٴνͽСѨ
~ 
½ͦ𣬺﷢һ§ϸȷ壬Hǰζ˫ֺץޱ
㡭㡭šеۡ
ˮô໹ۣⶼˮɽˡ
½ߺֹԾɲץֱߵıҶ˹ҹŭüͷһȵ󵨵󸾣Ϯ١ź򣡡
˵գҼӴ˳δεףͷƵײŽ۵ӹģɲǼ䣬ˮĽžž֮ڶ
~ ѽôʲô
½͵Ů𿴳ͦߣѨȴΪǳխƽʱ嵽׻Ҫһ⣬ͣȫ˽ȥĦò졣
HŪ˼ʮ£½Ȼʲôͷ˵ȡһ¡ͣѽͣ¡
ͣǲͣģһHһʣʲô
㡭ˡǸš
ղ̫Ｑ˴ˡͬʱľڶ߻죬ĸζһڼϣĶһӵġ
´Σ´һ
ѽСǡԼõġ
½ҪҸɴཫһϸҲڼͷ³ѹؿϣͦΣһͨH.
㡭ѽҪ
ٶ˫ץסҵĸ첲Ѩƴѹ
ҸоҪˣҲͣͦ£ͻѨΣ½ͷһһץҵһ߬סͷԵ
ţһ𤻬ҺԻӿѨǻֻŹͷ̣׵һ飬һͦͷģһɹŨ׾Һӿˬ졣
Ƭ̣һбѨ˴ϣڴڵĴŴ½ӲãС΢ţͣ΢΢ţ˽ӲŽƽϢȻȥ
Ҳģ׷ȥ䣬ԡСϴ塣ҺȻЩھΣ߹ȥ˵ҪҰæ
½ת׼ˮ̲סЦ˳˵ȰԼϴɾ˰ɡ
һϴһϴ
굽ԡļһ½һ£ҹȥҸæס˵֣֣Сˤˡ۰
˵ʱ½ҵһˮһǻڣǱ˸ղŵĳ
֣Цò׽ԧԡ½ӣŽżܻңҸں棬Сƨɣ
֮Ҽ˱Ҳƿ˽ȥ˳ƽ§˻˸ϴ裬⣬оģһζҰȴϣͷ۵֮ϣסӣ˰ķͷ˱
½ҸĸֱЦҵԴѽֲ衣
ôһ˵ͻȻʲô´Ҫһͬ½ԣѽ
ק
û·˫ֳűӣҪסԼ塣
ѽǴȥ·
½ǲµʲôˣü˵㡭Ҵ·ѽ
ʣ֪ˡ
Ȼ˻ô죬ඪѽ½ϾͷʹҪקɴץסűԵϳȥ
ʵû취ˣţȻܵĸ³˼·ᳵ·룬ں˿˿֮ԥ˰죬ѡ˺˿һ˫ɫ߸Ь߶߶Ļصҡ
ҲҴ·ѽ½죬˱Ť
㡭ʹһ㴩·ƯҾϲ㴩˿ӡ
Ȱš
ҪȥˣȻҪǻˣһˡ½ڴߣԼ·׼ϣߣϸȣίͰ͵İʹһҵŮ񡣡
~ ѽ~ ᣡ㡭㲻ǰɣ½üͷ壬һɻĿҡ
˵ʲôأ裬ܶ˼𣿡̹˵ǺÿֲǸ̬ҡҾ;ţ·ͦÿģֹ֡ҽ㴩һ£ģȻ󡭡Ȼ󡭡Ȼġ
½Ϲüεˣزˣ˵Ҵ·ȻǸǸ̬
ôǱ̬أҡɣȥң·ôѽ~ һû˵꣬ԴϾͰһȭ
Ȼ½ٰ㲻Ըβĺƭ֮£ջǲ鲻Ըͬˡȴϰɫ£ȻڴߣϺɫ࣬˺ɫֱͲȹԼɫ󽫺˿СŲȽ˺ɫͷ߸Ь
Ȼһֱ˵ŲҪ·֮ԵúܿģǰתһȦЦ˵ôÿ𣿡
½ĸЩ·Ųʲãɫ˿࣬ȱֳϸϺ˿ϸ߸֮β߸˳Եõ޳ԸС
Ψһвǣز󣬳ŲƨȱУ˵ûķУϾǸСŮЩ˶еζ
ʤޣͷ˵źÿȻڵϣסĺ˿ȣظֹֻ쬵ĸоֱҪ̫ˬ
衣½Ц˵
衣Һԥĺ
ӹԡ
ĸҵͷĺɫȡ֪ôģҵԺﲢûгĸ׵Ӱ뵽½衣ٶʵ̲סˣƷ˴ϣȷֿϣֱͲȹڣź˿࣬ŰԴ쵽Ĳֻ͹Ƶģ
~ ½ˣװȴЦ
Ȼֵϣһףһţ̲סˣ裬кãöHһ°ɡ
еģĲеġ
裬Hһ°ɡ
ڻ˵ڵͬһʱ䣬űƿŵһ飬̧ͷȥֻһͬǳɫְͲȹɫ˿߸ЬĴŮվڷ⣬һץű̴΢ţĿԲһ㵵ǡ
1.3
ϵıӾ㵽ر˷ŭ
ҵͷƤһ飬ëˣ߶µ˵衭裬ôˣ
Ϸ·һ㺮˪΢ŭĵң·һ㡣
½ʹѹԴҵ£̧ͷһ仰Ҳû˵ôƬ֮󣬡ۡһŹϡ
½͵ؽʹңһһߴſǻ㣬㣬Ǻˣ
ҼķˣҲҶ˵ʲôйҪҲû뵽ô磬͸ղһ£ŵò
½й֮æҵ·ŻŵĻԼ·һ԰οû¶û¶ҪؼҵģùĿҰ
һۣʲôû¶Ժôѽˣڶˡ㻹˵ˣһ˵ô죿
ҽַļϣģģ¶Բ˵ģ˿ڰ
𿪣Ժң½ҵִ򿪣ͷЬҳûϽҵ·һߡٳǰ½ЩˣͰ͵Ŀңҹ죬ڹ򿪷ţ˳ȥ
ױƵĿ룬˫ֻǰɫ࣬˵ĵгһ죬ع֮ǰɱ⣬汻Ĳᡣ½龰ŵˣһѣŵͷС鲽ٳȥߵʱѹԴ˵˾䣺̣ˡ
ûпҽ½ѧӣͷС˵˾䣺̣Ҳˡѽ~ ۣ
߬סҵĶ䣬ʹק½ȣŻᣬɿĿŹţ֮󼪡
šҵĶ䣬ǰȻһŰ˽ȥĵ˴űߣһţգ۾Ͱ͵Ŀ
Ѱ˰ҲûҺʵģʵ̲סˣָָܣСѣֵ䡣
˳ָһܣͷŭң죿Ȼӣŭ˹ֿȭԴʮ¡
ǰҷ˴򣬵Ǵ첲ƨɣôݵģԴϺܴڵ裬һͷĸٰŭˣǿʹ߶Һһ
һ¾סҵĶ䣬صңҧгݵʵղǸʲôأ
ûûɶ;͡졣
죿ʲôУղŽʱ˵ʲôٸ˵һ顣
ˡҶظһ顣
ˣˡУˡһְҵĲӣһֻʹĴҵԴһС쵰ûûСʲôЦҿǰɣ
ģҴҴˣĴˡ
һ󣬽ɿ˺˫ֲңڴڵĴŴСǵһμ־ƽʱɧһҲ˵ˣֻʵʵϴ裬ҴĴҲˡ
ˣ㻹֪ŭҹǶ
һ£æ˵ϡ
ָŴϵ·ʵ˵ô£
ͻȻԼƽʱĻ龢ûˣ֧˰죬˵봩Ҿ͸
봩ȻûȫҵĹ
ǣ˵رϲ·˵㴩رÿҲԡ½ҲûڣʱȶɡǶҲѹңǳƽˡ
Ŷ봩봩Ͱ·˰㾭ͬûУ
Ӹµĵҡ
裬ͦϲһۼңָָǵģ͸׹ŮƵģȱס
죡ŭһŵæ졣
趢Ƭ̣ٶʵ㣬ǰӣǲǶˣ
ҡҡ
ǲǶ½ˣ
ǣǣǸˣϲ˳ְѹ˳ȥҶԲ㣬治Ҹϣڼϴɻˡ
㵹Ǵ󷽣·Ůѡ֪ЩӶ󲻣ϱǲ
ǣĵλûܹġ
ƶ죬ƶ죡賯ͷϴ£˵СҸ˵Ҿ̫ˣߵ㶼޷ˡ֪˵ҹţú÷ʡ
˵֮ʰϵ·ˤŶȥѾȷˣֲһԼ˵ڸ˭绰
һ⣬Ǹ½ڴ绰ɣҪ֪ˣ鷳ɾʹˡ
˰СʱŽƬ̣ȻڴһƬţ˵ʲôֲҿڡ
ã迪ڵҸղŸͨ˸绰
˵꣬˵㲻ᶼ˵˰ɣô˵¶㡭
ҹˡһ㻹֪ˣ
νϾǸŮ¶Ҫ衭֪
˵һ룬бңϽϡ
ǿѹͷŭ𣬾ͻ˵ҽһȥǸȥġ̸ǵĲԣǷչһҲ׼ڱϾǸҪһꡣǱϼţʱȷֿһ꣬ǿϴѧ֮ô̸ô̸Ǿ飬Ҳԡ
ҸæӲ磺֧֣Ҿ˫֧֡

ʲô
ӽԺ㲻ټ½
üͷһ壺Ҫԧ죿
ҾͰԧˣʲô
ҡǡΪʲôѽ
Ϊʲôң͸ղǸԺô½棬ϲΣ
ǣеΡϾǺùۣܲһӶŮɣ
Ҹû˰öҡ˵ˣֻҪ̸ǼҵŶҷŸ
ڰɣ½ͦģ¶һʱ䣬͹ȥˡ
۴Сһתͷ˵˾䣺ҹȥ
~ ˫ϥأ⡻ƶߣ˫§סĺ˿ȣȥװһѱһӣдкãɡҵĽĲû
Цǡ˵ղŻ˵ĵλûȡأֱ½Ľˡ㵽ľ仰ѽ
ϾᲢ۵ġһ裬һϱ裬ϱϱ裬˭С
ٸˣƶ죬ڲҪϱֻҪ衣
ǡǳİȨ塣
üһҾǰȨ壬бҳߣԼȥ
˫ֽ§ס˿ȣĵЦĶѽǽһٸҲҳߡ˵ˣҲ᲻뿪ѽ
һ쵽ľ;ͻˣƶ졣
ҵĺһ£۵İһͷңƬ̣ͷ࣬ʵˣ
ұ죬˵ͷȻڱ˿ϣװһίģ˵ۡ
ãһǷ򡣡˵ȻֻǲͣԴš
裬ҴˣԺҲˡ
ղŭǰŻˣ֮ҽرɫְҵխȹµĺ˿Դ֪ˡȡ֮ÿηҶڵϣװһЦӣ§ס˿ȡ
ʵҾ뿫ͣʱֵûˣװСĵøȹӣ͵鱻ŵȹ֪ôǲԵģ׳ҾǿƲסԼĵΪʵ̫̼ˡ
ҴСϲ˿ĴУʶ֮󣬸ǶԴ˿Ůжӡ
ֲȥ͵˵˿ֻ࣬ڼˣϾ跢쳣ҲҵåŤ͵ɳȥһ٣۸͵˿ȱǿԽܵġ
һɣ֮ԳΪһض˿񱻼ߣϲ˿йء
ΪСʱļȫʽˣΨ贩Ÿɫ˿Ļ棬ӡҵԺǲģҾ˵οԼ
Ӱ죬Ҷ˿ʮֵ˽⣬ͱϴŵĺɫ˿࣬˿࣬͸ϱˮ˿΢һЩԸãָиѣϸ£˳
ϲ贩˿࣬Ϊ˿һǹ⣬ԵøӸ߹һЩʺܳġ
ùͶˣо˲ԾţͻȻֶ̧ҵԴһ£ǳһ쵽ʲôӡ
Ȼֲᣬһɿĺ˿ȣҪվڹʱе̫ˣˣһ룬ͨһָ
һ£漴һ֣Ц˵أûأôûѹǮ
򶼹ˣɴһɣֱأ˸ͷ˵лĸ״֮
ƶһţɫͷ߸Ьϻͦ۵ģȴˬ֪ǲʲôŰ
ҡȥԥһ£סҵ֣һ˳ƽק
ߣߵλã˵¡
Ҽϱͻ࣬Ѿ˲٣չӦǿĵ˵̻ˡȻͷһǹԹԵߡָ̧ҵͷ˵ӣ費ǲ̸ؼǸҪһ꣬𣿡
סҹɵĵ˵ͷ
ܲܰһգѧϰϣ
΢Ц۾͸Ŵ飬ɢĸĹâ֪һ˵һ֣ôӭҵĽŭ
裬ĺŬѧϰˡ
жŬ
Ŭˣ㿴ÿζܿȫǰʮ
ֻ꼶ǰһѣѧУֲصУĳɼͨһЩǿ
ұ۾˵ͷװ̵ܽӡ
ֳᣬϸ˵ˣǰæڹ˶Ĺ̡ܽڡǱڿʼȫԸ̸߿
ǣ裬һֱڳѽÿǾӶд꣬ϷˣֻżһСʱ䣬һ£Žһѹ
Ҽ¹˺˪ϸĿڣȻǶǹȥʽˣڿʼһĿȫȡڿʼҾŴ£һֻʥ顣𣿡
ҵĶͷ΢Ц˵Ҿ֪ҶӶ¶أǸƱҲҪˣ
ҾվƱҲҪûհ
ûգʱ㱣ܡ
ЩЩұѽǿҵѽ
Цһһӵģ㵽׻жٸ᲻µģôרѧϰôأ
˫ֺʮɥ˵ֻǿƱӰ첻ҵѧϰģͷŹǰɡ
ûһֿʼˣƶˡޱ˵óԼҰҪҶ֣ҿɾĸû˰
εı죬ܶһʲᣬ跭˷ʵЩ
Щҵ˵ͷʵֻͨһصһѾҲˣȻҲǷ裬ǷǸСѾͷ
費Ʊ˼±ˣҵͷЦ˵ҵĹԶӣúѧϰ
ҽһ䣺ϡ
֪ͺá˵꣬뿪˷䡣
ҳһ̱˴ϡô˵һǰȫĶȹȥˡе㵣½ֻûˣϵϣֲȥҲֻܵȿѧ˵ˡ
ʱѾ쵽ˣһŽ˵ҪҳȥԷҲ̵һ֣ȱһ٣Ȼ߶һȥԶٴͣһƸ棬ϼƲˡ
ݻһ·ɫ˿߳£ɫ£ɫϥȹԼķɫ˿Լɫĥɰ߸ѥϿ¿ƽʱͷҲ˸Ͳβٳǰһī˵ϴְŮǿ˱˶衣
Ҹں棬ոչϴţȻȥĶˣʵʵ˵ÿӰȥˡһֿŰһͳֻ΢ţȵСʱСֹһ䣬ֻ
ûʣһȥԷûӰˣв
ҴȥǳȥǼͣСţŷǳóԣϧǣԷʱ軹ǲͣ߶ѧϰ£ֻһ߳һ߼װɵĵͷǣʵǸţһ˶ӡ
òͽ׼뿪ʱȻи˵֣ͷһƣװ΢Цų˹һЦŴкܣʵ̫ˡ
ѽ̫ˡ˾òЪ࣬ҪҡǰǸ۾ңЦʵǡܵܣ
ЦĶѽҶӡ
Ŷܾȵôѽ˵ӵƤһΪӸСѧءԭôѽ
ҹɵľ˸á
ϣ涮òҽáܿ䣬Ȼƽͷӣλϣɵĳܡλгľ
֣ơ
ƽͷ΢Цſ裬ͬ΢Цſ
ʶѽЩ⡣
΢΢ͷѽͬѧˡ
ƽͷӳЦ˵ʮûˡ
˵ã̫ˡҸطһһ°ɣͬѧ棬еˡ
ɣҶӻЩ¶ҪæϹź΢Ц
ܿ˿ܣ˵ҲУʱɡ
˼䣬֮첽뿪˲ҽ׷ں棬е裬ղǾļƣ˧ְֱŮǿˡ
ƨƨϣŤͷ˵˾䣺ϻ豾ְŮǿˣҲǻؼҼǣűɼͥӵġ
Ĵָ޵ϵµóòɣʷǷϰȢţǼĸԺţҲġ
輥ϣˣ
½ĶܸѽǰһˮѾߡ˸ղŵĻ棬ʵ裬Ǹʲôܣͬѧ
ǰôˣ
񣬺е㲻ѽ
Ķˣбؿҡ
˵е㲻ԡҲҸ˵е͸һӲ͸ҿ˿Ůʱһװȫǰ뷨
ĬƬ̣˵Ҹһ꼶ҵѧǰ׷ҡ
Ӧ𣿡һ£ȵеĸҵ۾еҸò˽Ӱɣѽ~ 
ҵԴְһơ
һ쵽ĺ˵˵ѵһ䣬Ȼ˵Ҿû
ΪʲôѽҾţͦ˧İоϰҪ˧
ƷУѧʱһ꼶ѧø㻳ˣȻ˼ҰѺӴˡ
еǹġ
ͻȻͣ½ŲŤͷңԳҸ˵Щ
ҺٺЦð¡ݿѧʵԿѸ˴֮Ĺϵ
˰ɣĹϵˡڰͲԶء
ҸҪ˵ƼǰȺһϤӰϸһȷʵϰûһλʮòŮ˫ֿĸ첲ͷļϣ˵Ϊֹʮֵܡ
һ迴ȵָķ˵ѽǲǡǲǸ˭
˳ָķȥ˰죬ʵ˭ѽ
ǸǸݵӾǸݻʵ۵ǸΪϰִڻҿʼȻҲ֪ԼΪʲôҪ
֣½Źƹǿ軹Ƕأˣ˭ѽ
һͷһۣȷϰѾˣԴЦ˵ҿˡ
һۣϹ󹤷򡣡
һ·ֱֹϰָǸŮʲôϵ˵ĻϰΪе㷴صģѵŮйأ
ɻص˼ңһѸ߸ѥһʵôˣһ·ϳüģǷǮƵġ
ԼⲻС¶û֮ǰҸ˵ʵڱ˸ϹŪȥˡЬȥϲٳʱ򣬺˵ҹȥƿţ˾䣺˵ʲô
ǰһĻһʱѾѵ׳Լȹӣֻңϰ΢΢ǰ˫쵽ڽ˿ֵĿӣû·ڵϸѩ׼¶⣬Բɰļͷ˿أȫû긾Ůӷ׷֣Ƿɫ˿࣬ŷΣԼɼɫڿ㣬ԸУˡ
شϸԲĺ«ΣΣĸ״ˣһ
˵Ȼˣ֪ǳȥûдȥ϶ġ
ȻȥЩ˵һ룬ͻȻʶʲô͵ػͷҰӴ̽˽㶵Ŀæץϵ·ǰεĺǳһ쵽Ϲʲô
ҺٺɵЦŮ·
ץױϵһϻױƿҶ˹һ
ҸæϷţ˳ȥղŵǸΨ棬ȴҵԺþòɢ
1.4
Ȼѧϰ磬ȫ豻ԼϰֺǸŮһֵĻ棬Ķ˼ѧϰ
Էʱ湻ˣСص˼ңĵģһžͱͷĺһ١ñѵЩȦ¶֮ק̨ΪʲôôĻ
Ҿ϶Ϊ¶ûɾѾһ٣ٷˣѹһ磬ȫйͷϡ¶û˵ֻװͿ˵˭֪ǹϵԭɣҶװһˣײǹˡ㵹ù
Ʋ죬ֹһ䣬תҪط䡣ϰֵ¶ҷһ죬ҲأͰ˻Էʱ˵һߡ
֮ĵһӦȻǾȵĿңʲôȥţţȻûнң
֪ŮĪĸķӦһģһ
˭һͳȥˣ϶ϵˣ˭㲻ġ
ȥԷҲû˵ȥѽ˵ˣƭȥġ
Уţš
ⶼҪղû˵ʲôϰֿһͲŮһءͦĵġ
Ž˼˻Ƭƺü˵ѹصģԭ͵͵ԼСŮ~ 
úȻһһæôˣ˵¶Ҫ֪ˣǿɾʹ²ˡ
Ұһۣϻ⻹˵
üͷһ壬һĳݣֽǰסģҪ֪ġ
ʱǵĸͻѣȳܣٶ֣˵Ҫ顣
Ȼ̧ͷһңҪҪĻ˭
һҪġҵĳУдڽӴʻᱻиϰ֡ϰҪٸǸСŮĻǵʱ͵ýǸСŮˡ
ҿЦõĿСԴһ춼ʲôѽⶼûӰ¶أҪһǸŮֻϰѵŮأҪһǸŮǵԶأϸ룬ϰҪҲҸͲŮ˰ɣôһŮأ۰ֳеС˧Ҳû˧ԵŮĵزɡ
ǸŮֻͼǮǱϰְأ
ϰȻҵгɣҲͣһŮҪܴһǮģϰĶôǮ
бؿң˵ĺܶӡ
Ҳµġ
ʱͻȻ󣬺ɵʵʲôأֹģʲôѽ
һҸϽװǮϸ½ǮϽҡ裬ǷǮ
˫ֲأʲôʱǷǮˣ
̾ûˣһ쵽֪Է
һۣ˲ԣɨһֻۣ˫ꡣ
Ҫڣȴʵ裬ҰأԷ
˭֪ȥĶˣ绰ӣϢء
öһۣû˵ԹԳԷԼʰǸԻѧϰѹ¶һϰָǸŮһ½һ˿ȣһ飬Ķ˼ѧϰ
ֻԡˣеҶӴɨˣʵûʲô¶ɸɣҷҵһϾɵҿе磬ɴſ˵̨㲥
û˯֮ʱźȻƿûͷҲ֪˭ŵһ飬Ͻֱˣȴûܼʱص
˹ҵͷһ£ְ˹ѧϰôôѾأĶôС㻹˶ٶ
ûˣûˣûˡ
Ķûˣ
ѡ
趢Ƭ̣˵˾䣺úѧϰȻûյ뿪˷䡣
˵ܷĵĶûˣӦÿרעѧϰˣɻǲСҲ֪ôˣһ;ӷͣƤֱܣɴɶҲɣſϴ
ԺҲ֪˶ãԴϺȻһ£ܵ˲ǵĿˮŤͷȥֻһˮվҵҸϽװĵͷӣֹţѣ
װˡ轫ˮϣôúѧϰѽ
ںúѧϰԹȣϢһ£ſͽˡ
ʲôҲû˵ת뿪ķ䡣е㷴أֻˣﻹһӣҵԡ
æʣʲô˼
˫ֱأαϣϸȽޱĿң˵㣬ʡٿС
Ҽˣеôѧϰ
㻹ѧϰˣǵʱҪ˿˼Ҽ࿼ʦվţܰ˼Ҹϳȥ
ҪңҲֻεıˡԱһ˵Сˣһ¶Ҫ棬ѧУϰλҪϸ
̽Եʵ裬Ժһֱôѽ
ĶôйڸʲôʱܼоѧϰˣҾ͹ˡ
ãߴһˡСֹ˾䡣
˵ʲô
˵ǿǨĸ
ˣƶ죬˼ѧϰϡ
ʱֻһϢֻ鿴ҵͷװѧϰ۽ȴ˹ȥڼҵʱỻְҵװϿɵ֯ȹһֱӸǹβ˿ỻɴ׿㣬Ȼ񣬵˿΢һЩԼ͸΢һЩҲʶȸ߰ɣҲûҲ֪ʲôоؼ֮󶼻ỻϡ
ͷʱţʱһɢβ裬ԡ
ȻļҾӴҲһǴȻ۸΢Ƿ˵㣬ȴһʡɻʱ򣬾Բƨɣ̲סҪӺ汧סȻһ䣬̫̫Ҫæ𣿡
˸Ͳβ˸ᣬǺڰƵ֯Ƿɫ׿㣬ϲèЬ׿ЩŮӻ˶Աɫ׿㣬оЩ񣬵Զ˿ֺʲôûд
ͷֻǹЦ⣬ʶҧĴָָףЩƤıһһµô棬ЩĲɣһСĽʹ˵ϡҸæȥʱʶַһĴȡ
̧ͷһۣҼװ⣬дӣǸղŷôһ£ҾþòͻȻ׿ָв˿ֲ֮࣬Ĵȴ˸оĴ̼ҵעȫתˣû˼ˡ
軹ڿֻһ̲סԥƬ̣Ȼ⽫ʹ˵ϣȥһֱӰĴϣܳӣڵѰš
ЩڣȻܿɫ׿СȣԼèЬĿɰѾĺ߬סϸԲĽһգϧûҲֻһˡ
Ҽװ˺ôþʼʱӴûһ¡ò˵˫ˣϸ޳棬Ŵ׿㶼ܸоУи긾ŮϵɳڷֲֵһƽʱбֶȴûмӲȣĺ
ֻ̧ۿңҼװ˼Цһ£ʼдӡû˵ʲôͷֻ
ӣֿʼˣһСģһι˵ϡҸҪִĴϣȥʱһѽҵִһߣëһֱµȻʼصϣ棺ҪٰѱϵС㰡۶ӡ
Ҳ֪ǲǷҵС˼ĲˣˣʵʵĵͷдӡֻһֱϢЩķң̲ס˵֣ŮʿѧϰˣҪֻȥ棬𣿡
Щ˼ˣ뿪䡣Ϊˣ׼ɿû뵽ֻˣ˵費ԡҰֻŵȥˣѧϰˡ
û뵽ôִţҲʵûа취ˣֻļ£ѧϰˡ
Һò׿Ҫʱ򣬷ͻȻһڣͣˡÿνһͣ磬˾͸ũūѸ質һʼҰʣҺҽСѧУɵϰߣͣ˵磬Ҳ̲סһͣ~ 
Ǳϴõ֪~ 
ҵͷϾͰһ£Լѵ⣺ͣͣ磬ʲô
Ҳ֪ںڰ֮Уôʹô׼͸һһԴ˵裬£ڡ
ڲΣءֻɳϣȥù
١ţȥ
˲ͣ磬۾δӦںһƬұܵǰϣȻ֯ȻܹоǷУǸճĴͷҺȷ鷿Ȼʶһ£ִԲеԡ
Ķأ轿һҵĸ첲һߡ
æǸԲ𣬶ԲҲǹġ
ҪǹģҾͰָˡѵһ䣬ĬƬ̣˵ȥŸ
Ҹæƿ裬ȥֻ˵ȥҵһߡڰ֮Уұ͵͵һƣ֮䣬ŵһζκģҾһӲϴˡճţֻˣһ£õֻ˳ҵֵͲ
֪հֻ裬ԭأˡͬʱŴϰֻˡ
ղͣˣϰһ߻Ьһʡ
һ춼ĶȥˣϢһҲڼţڲŻûķʵ
Ǹͬ¼Һ˵¶ȥ˸æϰֵĻЩɡ
Ҹöһۡ
׷ʣʲô¶ѽҪæһ졣ϰִ߹ʱһţʵȾˣ
ϰ˵ͬ¼ҵĺҲϸУ쿼ѧˣС겻ҲҪѧҹȥһ£Ͼͺ
ЦԼĺ㶼ܣȥ˼ҵĺӣǹȥСӶˣ֪֪
ϰֻͷңôˣˣ
ûаҺܹѽһֱڼѧϰװһ޹ӣһۣһȥˡ
С˵˵ɣÿû˵
бؿңá
ɹģŪġһһĻ棬˵ǸŮӵƯģ֪˭ҵŮʱϰֽһ¡
̬Сɫǡðһۣתߣ׷濹飺˵Ǳ̬Ҳ˵ɫǣ㲻˵̬Ҳ˵СɫǣĶСˣõ⡣
һѧҪǸһֱң˵ǰѵ߿֮ǰҪԶ㡣֪λԧ죬ҲûޣȰ˵˵Ǳסݶ飬ֻǴӵϱ˵£ϴ¶붼ˡ
ұϾǸѪʢĴСӣֿϣʳ֪ζˣ󣬱˵ϴˣ춼ã˭סһ컹̣ʱ䳤ܲˣȫǷ¶ŵʦҪ٣һΡ
µǣҷԼԽԽעˣ촩ʲôױòÿÿο˿࣬ﶼйڶʵڱﲻסˣյ͵˿ڼϴɻ
µǣһҾȻһΣԸеСҵļͣ˱ʱŹͷ״ˬҿ䲻ֹ
ڶʱ򣬾ȻžˣŪ˯ģֲҸ˵ֻԼ͵͵ز
ЩˣǰһżͣĶҺ裬ֻǹѡҲʶԼԽԽŮˣһԸгŮˣͬڼĻ档
֪ǷģǴģԽѹ֣ԽʢΪ˻Ҿռıˣݴ̼ͬʱȴޱȵֹ֣ϾҾĸ״ˡ
ϰƳ飬ºϸ룬оܡϰôʵһˣҲûʲôӣţôأҶԷǸŮֱ̫췽ҹ̷ˡ
ͬ߿ͬʱ˫߶ججĹһ¡һѧżǶ߳Уţ俴ԶվŵһƯŮòͣȴһֽСĸоΪǰƴСɡ
۾ģССģȭ裬źװǿɾŷֿԼЬǽͷ䣬ֳŮԪ
ŮֱĶǣҾЩ죬ӷС˵Ůͦÿû
ѧУġһλͬѧС˵
һֱǸ˭ʶѽ
ŮȷʵǼƶ˭ҲʶѽҲû¶
ڶ죬ǸŮˣǷѧʱվѧУſڣǼ
ӷЦ˵ǲǰ˭ѽ
˭
˭˧
㡣
Ҳ㡣
ʼվǸŮе죬ɾ벻һֱ˵죬վޱĶǿӷʵ̲סһ˹ȥڨһ¾ȥԭ˵Ƥ񡢲Ҫ
Ҳ֪ҵƤǲҪǸ˳Ҳе棬͹ȥˡ
ŮޱĿҳ쵽ǰʱͻȻתߵˡҿıӰʱ͵ϰָ첲һֵСѾͷ
ϰֵ˵ӦϰͬµŮ
ô˵ѾͷӦǳģΪʲôÿζվԶԶģֻңҲ˵ʲôѽ˵ġ
ϰɳϿӣҳʰʱԱߣС˵֣ϸ㲻˵ȥͬ¼ңŮ߿¶𣿡
ϰһЩɵĿңʲô
ҾʣǸŮǸŮʲô֣ʶ𣿡
ͬµĹŮôʶ
ԥƬ̣Сʵ֣磬ڽϿһСŮֿһ֣Ůǲ˵ģͬµŮ
ϰһƬ̣ͷǣǣͬµĹŮ
Ҵȥ̲ġ
ЩɻϰЩƵᣬǸƹҿ߿ûĹôһͬµŮȥ̲ġ
Ƭ̣ϰֵʵ¶֪
֪ͣһ£ŷʵ֪
ʲôҡʲôµģ˱Ƚ϶ɣᡣ
һ²һ£¶ͱ֪ˡ
~ У衣ѽµ㻨Ǯе㳬֧ˡҳٺһЦϰҵ˼õĲѧһ쵽ĥ˵ɣǮ
ָϰ˵ҷŵӺ棬Լȥáһ䣺ʡŵ㻨һ쵽ִŵģǼҵǮǴġ
ǣǴģǵٳġһڼԼ
ʱӳ͸ץƵģæãװӣʲô¶ûһ迴һۣԴϵһ£Ȼ󹴹ָʾҸߡϰָҸҳһ´Ĵָġ
úϷţȻֱĶҡҺȻйɲõԤУɵЦ˵裬ˣһ׾ûأҵøϽˡ
ϸĵۣû˵ҲûŲطҿ˰죬ֱͷƤˣŻڵ㣬ǲ͵ҵ˿ˣ
˵һ£æװɵ㶣ʲôʲôˣ
ҵ˿࣡ûã
ûа֪˵ʲô
˵һ顣ҡ
ûУûã˿ʲôѽҼװЦӡ
˵ͷЦǲײĲǰɣ
ҡö˶˵ҼײĸɶԽԽˡ
ңϸݸ˫˿࣬ת۾һ˫ʱûҷһ£пܵķ˭ְܲɣ
ҲǼˣҪר͵Ůµı̬Ѿʼ˵˵ˡ
ҿ̬
ҺٺɵЦЦãô㣬ô˱̬ˡ
ô֪ö˶һӣôͳ˱̬ˡЩżˣȻ󳤳̾һһ£ʵ˵ʵ㵽ûã˵ʵ豣֤㡣
ȻƢ꣬һ㻹ֵóƵģǽţ˵һ˵־;Բᶯ֡¶ˡˣҼѾ˴ˣʵǶأҳвʵνˣɴ㡣
ǡˡһ˫
һ˫۾ҡ
һ˫
ȥʲôˣ
š͸ˡ
赱ɵѽ
Ͼǹˣ϶֪͵˿ʲôˣ¶֪֪Ҳܿڳѽʵ̫ˡ
ûм׷ȥߵױ̨ǰ߽һЩȻһɫʵ˵ʵ͵ҵ˿֮⣬û͵ñ˵Ķߡʲô¶
æַģûУûСҸҸ֤ٷ֮ûСзִģǼͥڲףһ١ȥñ˵ĶΥҪġ
~ 㿼ǵĵͦЦ˵˼ȫˣһ쵽ľ۶ӣʲôʱҪѧϰµ㹦ʡѽ
ǣұ֤úѧϰ֤ʡġ
ȥɡǵҸղ˵Ļúһ롣´ΣҲƨɡ
˸ĸңҳһһ亹ൽڻͨͨļšղ˼ˣ֪ҸʲôˣǸӣû϶Ҳ֪ģԲôһ侯Ļ
ص֮ҴܳµСóһ˫˿࣬Ħһ£ǰǰ軻ϴ¿ûüϴԭζ࣬ԥ˺þò׳ŵ͵ģΪһĵ˺óһʱء
͵˿ɻ¶ûٸˣ˫ĺ˿ԭζղˣһҪúϧС
ļ죬ǸŮûٳѧУſڣòϰִϢϰֺܼɻӣ˼Զ㡣Ȼ֪СѾͷʲôҾ¶ôȥˡ
ֱһĩ磬Ҹ½Լˣһȥ꣬ȻǱλ͵͵ȥġòԶȥһȦȻſڼ
վ̨˻ͦ࣬µĵ·ʱͻȻվһˣʶŤͷһۣȻǸƯСŮȭ裬ſɵ˶ף洩ſţп㣻ƴСϻ˵ױֻ۾ִë䳤ĿңȵģֻֿС
ϰͬµŮ
ңҿĬƬ֮һЦŮ㰵ѽ
˫ֲ¿ڴһãȻؿң˾䣺˭ѽöŴֲһ˿ɳƣеԪĸоܿɰܶ
㲻ʶңҺٺЦ˧ѽ
˸ۣûҡҲ⣬Ц׷ʣ㲻
ǰĶɣŶˡװһȻӣǲˮϰࣿ
ѽҰˮϰġ
ǾͶˡһ֣ҰҲˮϰ࣬ǰ϶ʲô֣
Ƴһۣû˵Ҳ⣬оˣЦŮȥĶѽ
ȥĶʡ
ȥ»ꡣ
Ҳȥ»ꡣ
٣ⲻⲻǣ
ʱ·ýվǰ˳··˿ͱȽ϶࣬жϳиվĵطͲˣλˡ
ҸŮһͬжλã˰ˣͦģҲûɳͷĳ̶ȡȻղ˵ɺϣȴţѾͷ϶ǳģΪʲôһʱҲ²
ǲʲô¶̽Եʵǲʲô鷳¶ˣҰæ
һۣû˵
Ҽ˵ʲô¶㾡˵ϲΪˣƯŮ
û˵СģȻʶʲôʵˣ
ʮ塣
ǸһǣμӸ߿
תתЩãȻȻû˵ʲô˼
ʱվȥ˼ˣҸǰĳ˿ʹһλϴﻻһٸ黨ȹӺ˿׿㡣ҵ߱ܵŴ˹ȥȻûȣٻЩζġ
ҶһȻԱ߻һأתͷȥŮҲŤͷңղҵһһ϶Ƶ
Цһ£ҪΣƣתٸϣȻֻصҵϣ۾һգһգģЩãȻЩ޹
Ȼץסҵ̧Ҳ֪ʲô˼Ҫ˵ǣҵ֣ٸĴϡ
ٸѽһŤͷңҲһãȻ֪ĿȻһƺҵϡ

ұΪĳ˿ǵɹɫǣŤ͵ɳ˵ɫˣ˵ǹɫǣֱǶҵô¶ĺӣôڹôأǱݺġ
ĳ˿Լɳľ壬ȫҵĽͣߣָͬңСС;͸ڹŮǻˣ
λ˴ȵٸŭգߣץӡ
֪ܺߣҲҲܺѽɺ޵ľǸСѾͷݺҾʧӰˡ
ǱҪѧУ쵼˵ģһѱһᡢ֪ϾҪ߿˵İ£Ӧֻ֪ͨҳʵ֮⣬һ˸ʺɳҳȥ¶е㶪ˣҲ֪
ϧôɣʲôʲô
ɳѯĵŽŸ֮Ǻεȵŭؼ¶һͲ塣
ʱֻһ˵ؽ
漴һӢˬʵŮ˵СӺȶˣִϱѾơ
һ˵ҡҡûûûˡ죬찢̣Ҹϱġ
˭㰢̡Ķȥݴš
һ˵ӱ˽ˣһʮµŮ죬һɫƷ쵰β裬ԼһߣȻѾ˵꣬ȴʮֵӢʮ㡣
̫Ϥˣû뵽ˡϳϽתһߣͷ
ŮתȻͣ˻طſڣ̽ͷҿ
С
Ҽʵסˣ̧ͷЦذ̣ɣʲôʱϰˣ
ڳǹɳ𣿡
½ĸףδĸء
ҵˡذһ˫ֲڿӿڴ´һ飬ʵôأ
ҡվ˸ͣ򶨵˵
ȻҵĻƬ̣ŤͷСһ¡
ôˣһоߵſڡ
ذָʣô£
о쿴һۣЦ˵Ů˴ȣץ˸С
æ磺ԩǱݺġ
ذüң㵽û˴ȣ
ҡˡǡǡЩ״Ρ
ʲôѽذһĵҡ
ͷ֪ô˵ղѾ˰ˣҲûţɴںֻһ壬һʩ壬γҵַλϡԣҲܺˣļӺߣǸʩ塣
Ǹʩأ
֪
˵˵ذƳһۣתҪߡұ֪¶ģѾ֪ˣҽ¶òˡ
Ҹæ׷ſڣһذ̡
̻ͷһۣûذ̡
찢̡Ҽɫ̫ÿæĿڣ㡣
ʲô¶
ĵЦҵĳСҳģҲҵļ໤ˡ
һ¶ܸܲ˵һȱ֪ͨѽȥɡ
ذЦϣ֪ѽ㲻ԩ𣿡
ԩģ˲ǷѽҪˣ϶˵Ⱥݺݵһ١
ãһ쵽ǡذ΢΢ͷбؿң¶һûء
Ҿŵò˵ˡ
ԼĪ˰СʱȻһ߸ЬȻ磬ŵһ£˵ˡ
ûӦѾ̤˽ɫװͲȹɫ˿Լɫͷ߸Ьģϣװ磬ֱӴӹ˾ﱻйġ
һžŭңŸ߸Ьֱİͷ˹ŭĺСʲô
æͷ͵裬˵ᣬ˵
ҽͣתȦ׷Ŵҡذվſڣ˫ֲ嶵ЦЦĿ
1.5
ȻҲǱԩģûš谴ҵͷһϹ˵Ǹټɳ񾯵ĵ⣬ٸͬ˺ͽ⡣
ɳΪһٱᣬû뵽ϳ֮󣬾ſڷϣԵúƣӡҪһ١һ٣ҵܽܣϾѾϰˣӣҷЩھˡ
ҽطļͷС˵裬ҽ͡
ңһŭǣʹһ¼Ҫҵ˦
Ҽͷϣٶ˵ˣֻСһԡã̧ͷ̾һС˵ôѽ
ίͰ͵˵裬ԩġǱݺġ
˭ݺģ
һСŮϰͬµŮ
ͬµŮüͷһ壺ݺʲô
Ķ֪ǿҳ̫˧˰ɡ

裬ôͲأ
ҲأôͲأ
ҡһʱǰҲƣʲôʱôûгŵˡ
ĬƬ̣˵Ҳ˲㣬úһ£ԼΪңԼ𣿡
ҡôң
СΪҲ֪˽͵͵ĸʲô¶û¶˵͸ˣǸӡΪɵѽŭң˵Щ㵽ûУ
ףסüʹͷ
׻ǻҷģǷƨѽ
ҡԩġʲôûɡҪţȻȥϰ֣֤
ǲԩģܹǰҽеɳһ˰ɡ
һ룬ȷʵҲǣǿԸɳ־Ϲģͦ˵ġ
跢һ·Ĭû˵һ仰صûңҲûңһԼûˡ
ϰֻ֮ҷŭĽ˵ˣҪǸͬµŮϴˢҵԩϰ֮Щ죬ʵȥˣ
ǰֹһΡҧгݵʵ˭ѽôݺҡ
ϰִһȻŻŵĿʼ˿ڴͳʮԪƱ˵㲻˵㻨Ǯ̵ǮţҪǲˣְٸ㡣ԺǸŮȥ㣬ǧУ¶ǧǧ֪
ϰֵķӦҵϣ϶йѲŮСˣɾƽ޹ʵҰ
벻ףϰǧƼգưͳԻп˵ˡ
ҹұˣȥϲźԼһЩϤϤ˵Ǵ̨ģڴ绰
ô˻˯ҵ绰ࣿòҲ֪˭
ұܵĸо绰йأŵ˹ȥ¹ϡɼ贩˿˯£ɫֲƵɳϣͷֻڼ֮䣬ʹס˰žµСˢӣĵڽͿָ͡
¹͸ϣһ㱡ɴ¶ѩ׼羫Ĵ㣬ϸ塢⻬·ɢʥĹâͬͻһ㣬ƻãҾȻһ˿ٵĸо
ΪҵĽŲᣬ貢δ̾˵˵ҶףҲˣҲˣƤڶ֪ôˡ
⻰˼˵ȷʵҵ顣ʱϲ¶ĶڽҪǵ˵Щʲô
ֻС˵֪ഺڣҲ֪ഺڵСƤѾˡǰʱҹžŪһӣҲ֪ǲ֪ǲ˼ѿ͵͵زˡҶʱˡûУҾ˼ָȥˡ
һ̣Թ裬ôʲô¶˵ѽ漴һ룬ԭ˯㣬ͷѽ
ھȥ鷳ͺñȽ¶˼û׷Ҫǻˣһŭֵ֮ѧУ߸ͱϣⱲӾˡϻ裬Ҳ˭ģѽ
ҵЩжָеһ˿ھΣСȻûٴңΪҵ飬ûٲ͡
֪Ǹ¾ˣô죬ܰ˰ǸˣҪҪ
ոյĸж˲ɢҵԹǳѽ
ʲôûáʲôҶӹŮΪǰֽһѽڻôʲô֪ѽǲҪ׼ҵôһͷˣ
ڳܣڿЦ
ҶѾԧ죬ֿˣ㻹Ҫôھǳ֪ô졣ĥһ죬մȥҽĲڿЦ֪ഺڵкҪ۲Ѿԧ˵ĵɣûӣ㲻֪Ҹ˵һ°Ҫܣ˵
ȻѹС˵С͵˿࣬Ǹװ⣬Ǹ
ڸоˣǣô¶˵ӵѽҲҲµһȷʵ֪ˡ
ĸأ뿪Ц˵δĸҲˣûѽ
һԺȻذ̵ӰģЦûа׽У㻹أĶѽ
ǣĸ࣬˿ࡣ
ʵҲЩͿˣǰҺԼǵ˿࣬ԽԽע豾ˣûд˿ʱҲĪĲ嶯µ顣
ģǰѳ־Ǹ˿йصġҲȥҽģڶڼﴩ˿ˡ
ԭˣ˵ôԽԽˡȻѾشƫϣļ紺㵽˶죬˿ϽֵŮǡ
ϣҾȥ͵˵˿࣬͵͵˴ȡǱ̬ء֪֪ⲻŬֹһ̬ô
ǰҲûëܾžǲ֮еģҲȥҽġ
ҵһЦˣλѾɱ̬ˡ
²裿ô赼ϻô˿ҶáЦ˿ǳģҶӻһҪء
ذǴžƷӡûм˿ࡣذ̴˿ʲôأҲɵ
ľãҪǸô졭֪Ӱ߿ҪùӳˡҲ˼Ȱ߿˵ʱߣܾͺõˡ
˵ûһӽǳ״ɢˡ
ʲô˼ѽŮ㲻㲻ҲϡٸҳЩûõģʱҾͰǼһӣŮ㲻Ҳϡ
ƽʱ˵ҷ룬ˣǲĲ
ҳڸô죬Ҫһθڹ˴ȣ´λ᲻ᡭҳУҪǸˣҿɵ鷳ҾŻ˰ɡʲôаŮѽǼСʲôѽˣ룬컹ϰأͷ˵ɡ
Ҫֻˣ͵ϽŵĻصң˲ˡ
ڶ죬һֱĥذ̸ĵʲô⣬Ҳû˼ѧϰˡѧʱؼңĸ߸Ьڣ㺰һûлӦ
תһȦûмˣ׼ϸҪ䣬ȴվϴ»ǰִֻϴǰһֻϽż˫ûп˿࣬üͷھʲô
Щƣʲôô񣬸ղźûҪڴкͼ轫˿δ򿪰װ࣬ȫӽϴ
һͷˮ˵ڸʲô
ҧ´ϴ˿һֽȫ˳Ƭָ̣·˻ȥôַ˺üΣ¶˾ģ˿һӣת뿪ҿǽվ棬ŵòؿڣӣèİһ㶯ҲûСҲһˣ
һ޹˵Ҵкˣû
ͷһϴ˿࣬ȻĶ˵軻˿࣬Ȼû㲻׼͵˰
һãȻĿ
ʲôѾԶˣ֪֪㻹ˡһۣȻֹĻȥˡ
üͷһͷˮŸղŵ龰ܾƽʱЩһǻŻŵӡȻЩɰ
~ Ȼÿɰ裬ֲ̫
ղ˵Щʲô˿ûҲ͵ˡոմ򿪰װ˿࣬ΪʲôҪǿûڹʾһ͵ǲ͵أ
˫ֱأԴüĿĿ˿࣬Ȼ˿࣬Щոտ˿ûȤϻԭζ˿ĻǵеȤ
ȵȣ
òڵɣ͵˿࣬Ȼһ٣ٴȥҽ
ǣҲûѽذͨ绰ʱ˵װ׵ģûаᣬӰҵĸ߿ҪʹˣôһȦɡ
ˣ˵²衣ѵҳȥ鷳Զһֻ۱һֻۣڼҪ
Ҳ̫թ˰ɣҲնѽΪɵƲԭζ˿˿
Сָһ˿һЦȻ˻ȥһתͼǽվ棬ޱĿңһؿ˵ʲôأǻȥˡ
跴ʵʲôأ
ûʲô
ûʲô
ǰûʲô
ʲô
ûʲô
ûʲô
ҡŶˣϲ
˵꣬ת˲ʹʹĽˮѣٳʱѾˣЩ˿Ҳϴʧˡ
ҳسһ˵պգĵôﻹͦġ
ϣȻһԶѧϰڱضˣڼﶼʼţпˣɨˡõһǣҿ԰ѧϰˡ
ҹڴϣȥ⼸췢£ԼĪʱ䣬ĵŵĴ򿪷ţ̨ûж貢ûһذͨ绰ﲻЩʧ
죬ܸоЩŹ֣б۶ң͸һķҡ
˵죬ɳϸְӢҹ˹ָʾҸȥ⼸ķٶҾеţ֪Ҫڷеȥҽˡ
ݺڵϣָнױҡᱡ֯£洩ţп㣬Ŵ޳ȣԲ󣬴ŰɫĽѾЬҺǽ䱸
ĬƬ֮ʵѧУô
ܺá
ܺãǡѧϰأûѧϰ
С
½أиһ𣿡
ûС
㡭һɻʵôƽʱһ
Ķһ
ôûǻҲ˵ֻˡ
𣿡
Ǻáӣܾе㲻ϰߣоֵֹġǲʲô¶üȻ󼷳һӲ΢Цװе˵𲻺˼˵˵
û¡˵ҹ֣һء
Сüбҡ
ûСҿЦ˵
С
ûС
žһһӣ۾ңɵ˵У
СҸϽͷ
ĴβЦ˵£˵˵
ε̾˿鲻õ𱸵ССͣ̾ʲô
Ҷ֪ԼΪʲô̾ˣһģڴλ˰죬Ҳû˵ż˵ʲô£˵ô˵Ҳʶʮˣʲôܸ˵ġһֵۣɣҵ裬ҵĺѡ
̲ס¶үֻı飬һЦ裬ײɰҶˣװѵϷ
豻˵һ죬ԴһơͷίͰ͵˵裬ִңҵĺѴҡ
ȻǳڱܷӦ֮Щڣҵͷ˵Բ𣬶Բϰˣ費ǹġ
ϰ߿ɲ̫áҿЦ
ԵĽƬ̣ȻЦ˵㡭ģ㲻˼˵ﻰ֪ӡɣ˵ţ˴ߣ˫ַҵļϣҰڴϡ
һ㶣æʵʲô
ɺã辯
ҹԹԵڸĸĴϣԴɬͨһѲΪ˻ҵҪʲôСľҪҵϷ

ܰɡ
ҼڴĿ裬첽ߵ˴һߣҵԽԽ̲סʵ裬Ҫʲôѽ
ڴϣ˵㲻Ҫҡ
ԥһ£Ȼһƽڴϣֱ컨塣Ȼҵ֣סҵ͵һ£ֺܹ⻬ϸ壬Ĵ΢ҲЩš
衭ѽ
˵۾ŶԷĻڽԸ˵˵ﻰˡ
ԭΪҸղŵ뷨еЦȴָеһ˿ʧ
˵ʲôﻰ
ʲôﻰУ˵ǰ˵ֲҸ˵ġ
˵ֲ˵ģֹ˼䣬͵Ҫ˵ˣɱҰ
ôأ赱ʲôˣĸϻ˵ɡ
ҿ˵˰ĺÿȥˣԣֳֶһĲԸһȥ衣
~ ңҴǲ
Ҽ̧˸첲Ҫ򣬸æסͷ˵˵ҵġ
һ㶣ֽ̧ס˰գðŷǿмһ΢ЦҲ㡣˵Ͳ㡣
ʱŴ򿪣ϰּ龰ɵһһͷˮʵڸʲôأ
һɣѯأǣϽȥ
ϰŵòһ˳ȥϡ˻ȥЦ˵µˣԼˣ˵ɡ
Ҷ˵˰Ҿܣǰһֱ˵Ƣ
˭˵ЩˡֺֺЦû˵ң˵Լʲô˵֮ʲôġ
֮룬軰ﻰһֱǷ֪ڵʲô¶ҾԼܹƵסҪġ
ҷ´˵˰ɣûʲô˵ġʱ䣬һǻȥ׾Ӱɡ˵꣬Ҫߣһվס£
죬ε˻ȥҲ֪ø˵ʲôɴ෴ʵȻǽģܹ˵ѽأʲô˵ܣ
ң˼Ƭ̣ոһĨΣЦһһܡ
еȤæʣʲôܣǲϳ죿
㰡
æϣĬΣһЦС˵ҡһžС㡣
ЩŤͷͨ죬˼˵ҡҶѾ˵˰ֶ֪
֧ԴӣȤĿЦ˵һΪ첻µزأԭҲѽ˻С㡣
ˣЦֲ˹ܻˣΪʲôѽҸ㣬ÿȥѧУҳᣬҶŵҪ
ҳʲôýŵġ
ǲǵСѧ꼶ʱͬıӵˣǰεȫҳѵң˵ûҽ̣ĸĲ̺ܽӡ֮Ҿرȥļҳᡣ
ϷŬţð˼ЦЦ¶ģұŻŻ˭֪ˡ
Ż˼ңͷСֲǼҳˡҸʹǸ˵˵ŷ㡣
̫˰ɣСӴ
Ǵ֣˼ҾУ԰衣
˺ˣ˵ˣˣʲôرظŮڿǲ۲۵ŮȨߡ
ŮȨƨ֪ʲôŮȨ˸ʶϹá
ŮƽȨŮԡ
ЦŮԣڹ˴ȣذ
Ҷ˵ԩˡҼˣҪ¶Ҿˡˣ
УҲᣬҲᡣ¡ֽ˻ˣѾ˵һҵˣҲ˵һ
ü˰죬ĥʲôԸܣ˰Ҳ벻ǲ˵˵ûɶ˼ġ
˰ûӦɴʵɣ㡣㡭½Ǵʲôʱʼģ
붼û룺һ꼶
һ꼶һһ꼶Ǿ͡
ǰ죬ذ̺ˣ˵СڣҸذ̽裬ˣ
𣿡
аǾͿʼϹŵĽһʼҲ˵ģ֪ô͵ˡ¶ذ̲֪𣿡
ŶȻԭ˵̸¶
Ȼأ˵ʲô˵գҲ͵طӦ˹˵¶
ԣ˵ľ¶
룬Ҵ¶Ǻ氡Ƭ̣˵šǰ꣬ϸһʱ򡣡
ô𣿡Щ⡣
ˣһͬѧеʱѾšʲôˡⶼˡ
Ĭ˰Σʵ˭ȵģ
ʲô˭ȵģһʱûзӦ
ǡǡѰ˼˰죬һҧʵ˭ȹ˭ģ㣬
Ҳ˭ȹ໥
Щӣǡ졣
ǿ϶ѽѯôмġ
ǡ೤ʱһΣ
һ裬Цõ˵ô˽ҲҪѽ
Щ˼ˣȻǿӲ裬ʲôʵġ
аɡ룬˵һʼһĴΣһһΣٺһΡ
ôƵ費˵ʹҵĻ
ȻѾ̯˵ˣҲûɶ˼ģֱ˵˵һʼͦʵģȷʵһ𡣺оҲô¡һ㶼һһذɣżΡҪѧϰǰˣ½¶ֲ̫Ȥġ
ʵ̲סˡ
費֪ôӻˣ˳֮УЩΡ
ǲҪЩתһ»⣬迪ʵô㡭ʵ̲סˣ
һ˵裬ʵе˰ôشѽ
Ҿ㣬೤ʱŻ̲סҪ̲ס˻ôȥ˴𣿡
ô¶ˣûˣûˡҼֱˡ
ⲻǹѧˡֿ˿ģʽ
ѽô˵ءҼöץˣģҾԲѧģòá֪ңĸ̸֮¶оֵֹģеѽҪϰֽңв
вĹ費õһ˦ƹһ
裬Ҫȥѧϰˣģġ
Ӧ˳ȥֹϷţڴڵĴ轻ļֱ̫ѹˣ͸ˡ
ϰ߹Сʵʲôأ
ܡ
һܣ
Ц˵Ҳ
ϰһ£˵ͷתˡ
1.6
ԴӸڴϡġ֮ǵĹϵͱЩ΢ˡ
ǰװͰ͵ģһʵ㡻ı飬ڿҵһЩŹֵЦ⣬һ֡ϵҶ㡻ĴͲײһײȭȻ˵һhey men ˡ
ҵȻ֪ʲôֳŬҪ㽻ѵĸоĺܹ֣ΣԸһһţȻһСǷᰡ
һܱǸϰѧڵпˣʱ̫ˣĲǺ룬ȻӰ༶ǰʮֱӵ˵ʮ
ǰڿɳϣĳɼβ˪ǽ޵ӣһӣΥĴȵСôѧϰѽ
ƲüίͰ͵˵ѾŬˡ
ĳɼôôʵ
ǣ˸Ŭɡ
Ҳ֪˸Ŭѽ˵ѾǸˣҶڳ̣ˮۣˣѽӣ
ףǡҲżѽĲ֪ô͡
ͷһֻϰ֣һ˵Ӷˣ㻹棡
ϰָæֻģùɼֹţҿϣĲôѽ»صŬѽ
ҸϽӲŬŬһŬ
һѽɼ˻ҧгݵ˵⸸һһˣҪҸˡ
ϰ˵ѽһû´οһ㲻ˡһĶôѽ
Ҹæյԣḧĺģظһ飺
Ƴһۡ
ϰʵⶼˣûš
ҽ˵ѽⶼˣûš
ҵĺ׾һƣɼ輸һģҳñǸ
صҿʼӣһ˽֪ʲôģڣԾ˵裬ģ֪ܶ£´һŬá
ҵı̬ûκηӦޱ˵ȱһΣ˵һ˵һءʲôԭĳɼµôҸոǰϵˣ˵Ͽǻл㱵ģУô£
üͷֹҲ˵͸оͷеΡ
ǲˣҶͷһ£ѽ
ˣû
ܸ̹ܲףΪʲôûоΪǰѵˣﷳûţǡǱʲô¶
Ұڰ֣ѵûϵһʮѵʮΣüӰѵһأϰˡ
Цõ˵ǡøڸ˵¶أܱܲˣƶ졣ص˵Ϊʲô
Ϊʲôֹһ䣬Ȼصҡͷ̾Ҳѹ̫ˡ
ѹ󣿡費ţһֺǺǵģһ߿ӶûУѹȥˣ
ǡνĳɳķհɡ
һӣ뿪˷䡣ҿαϸ룬˵嵽ΪʲôģһĪǻǻţȻϣԴ衣
Ե޹ʵ裬ϲŭ֣һһЦѵҵӡСֹֻһΣͬ½ϵ֮Ƕʱĳԭһ
ĸоʲôЩ£רܵ˹ĸϣҵһһԱȣȴʼ޷õȷ𰸡ﲻϵİοԼֻΪŮԵԸ壬豾
Ҫ˦רѧϰ޷оϵķգһȴϵҪ̸̸ģҲʵѡ뵽ȥҽǷˣϾҶЩ̬ô˼˿ء
ڶ͵ʲôȥˣصͷϰԼһСʱ˫ֶ룬С˽һۣںڵŨƯһͻҩζ̲סüͷһ壺ʲôѽ
˵˲ڼ̲Ҵҳط
һȻղڳһֱæģ
ʲô˲Ρڼ轡֥顢桢ңõģ㼯о轫˵ҵǰСĺȣе̡
裬ⶼš
ʲôţⶼһһ߿䷽ܹõġȺˡ
ճԱ˷ȲȥüͷܵĿܵ
ˡ
û취ֻܽӹԥ˰Σűӣֶֶֶ֣һˡе֮⣬ڸеҲ
˰ɡ
迴һףͷ˵˾䣺úѧϰȻ˷䡣
ԭΪһʱѪû뵽죬ʲô˲ڼҺȡ˵еãȵѪӿ񿺷ܣ˵оѧϰˣǰЩһֱҿѹƵָȫǻɫ˼룬Ķ˼ѧϰѽ
¸ѧȥˣڼ跢й½ȻʵѡϧСѾͷԴϴ֮󣬾ܵ˾ҵĵϷģû黰˵һѣβӲԣ޴֡
ϴûָˣֻԼˡֻԣ־ˣ˵Ҳֻ̫ܽͣȤЩ˼ȥ˿ϴˬϧص˫ԭζ˿࣬ǰʱѾõˡ
˵Ҳ֣Դ֮˿ֲˣҲϴõҲʧ֪յȥˡҲ˿ãȷʵ̫ףԷˡ
ѧؼ֮󣬷ְ趼ûְצĵĸоˡҾ񫷸˵ƵģڸĸǰǻﲻͣĸԼȻѾӦ裬һҪŵԣҪסҪסٷˡ
ʱȻתҴһ飬æװµӣɳϡ
ˣһ߻Ьһߴк
ʱɵһƽʱϰԺĳ˸߷ִˣǰɣһ㣬ǳס˰Ųδڱ󣻷βңƽ˼ԵϢټǹ˵ĵۣԸеĺ촽Ķ˵ĳŮζֵ쾡¡
ϰ΢΢ǰ̵ͦβɫխȹŵԲģƷ֭Ĵҡ޳ϸȴźɫ˿࣬ᱡ͸ɫͷϸ߸ЬСɰĽѾںɫ˿ڣ⴦ֺЩ͸ʺɫָԼɼ
ǰͷֱ߶̷Ĵ˾ǵһμʵ̫Ըˡҵ۾Щֱ˲ӲˡеȵĿ⣬ͷҴ㶵ģɻ˾䣺ôˣ
ǿװ򶨣֧°ͣЦһΪ˭ҵĴߴأԭװ軻˷͡
ƶ졣ǴЦ⣬Сһ䣬Ȼվֱӣֲ˸ͣЦʵô·ͻÿ
ÿĴָ޵֮ռ־ᶼÿ
𡣡΢΢һЦգգۣȻ͡
ʲô
㰮ԵСš
ţ
ôѽ
ǲԣǻе󡣡
һ٣˺ȵܻ衣
ֻŻȡֹӲģһΪ˲跢֣Ƚļţװû¶ƵġֱתݣҲ͵ճȭɳţҪ˷ܣɴܵˮܣˮͷ
ëѽˮϴͷ⴫ľߵҵһѽҳ
ͷʪવģڴڴŴɢ裬ѾƷ˿࣬˿ɵļҾӷͷĴˣʵ̫ԸˣҸоԼҪֲסˣϽֽԴˮ棬һͨͳ塣
⺢ӣ
żٴνקãȻĵңʲôأ¸ðѽ
ҡãȻؿһʱ֪ô͡
㵽ôˣǲʲô̼ˣе׷š
ǣҴ˵ܴ̼·̫ͣѿˣ
һʶ££ͷѿղŲ˵ÿ𣿡
ÿʲôѽϽɣѿˡҿķǵ˵š
跭˸ۣߵƾʲôѽ˵ѿѿҾͦÿġ
ϲ
Уϲϲı㡣һСţһҲƵȥںСֹ˾䣺ëѽ
ص֮󣬴ڴڵĴŴҲ֪ԼΪʲô˵Ľ겻ЩˡҪ侲ӰȴʼԺǻšҰһ㣬ҵԽԽһŬҲ֪ⶼͽ͵ģΪļͣʼȥڷǳҪʹʹķй
ڳʱħЭˣŵǱ븸ĸңѰոջԭζ˿ࡣ
խȹƽعΨ˿ټײĶˣ˿ûгϴô̵ʱ䣬Ҳܽ˿ϴˣΨһĿܾǲĳطСķţȴ裬ҪһķԼĶӣҾôֵ
ȥڴҵ˫˿˿࣬صĿ湻ġҷڱǰһڣǳŮ϶еζǴӽŵֱͷˬУֱ˻ֱ¡
֪ԼԽԽ̬ˣ˼붷֮󣬻ǽĿ˿ڴȻĵ뿪˷䡣֪ٷ֮ٻֵᷢģѾԣʲôܲˡ
صҲûżοϾҪҵʱ䲻ˣҲôݲݵķйˣǴɻҲҪʽкеġ
ϰ£ˡԷʱЩĲɣӶǵ»طο飬ӵģȲĸоѾõļڿҪˡ
ʱ͵ңϾҽΪе̫ʣеǺġ
ˣһصǰʼϰһҪ̵̣˯̵û˴ŵʱ򣬲Ľԭζ˿ڼʹʹķй
ǿѹͷ֮ʱ֮ƮȻĻŨļζüͷһ壬಻Ե˵ѽ
轫ҸǰȻҪȣˣҪ󲹡һȻ˵ȥ°ѧھͿʼһȻӪˣ㿴һȻпĳɼ˲ٰɡ
һȻúãͷĽëϵѽЩģǡû˵ˡ
ôûϵˣЩôˣΪǺѽˡ
̫ϻˡ
ϻ㲻ȵˮѽ
ЩЦõ˵ǲˡѾҪˣ͸ҩͰƵģٺƾҪԭرըˡ
費õ˵Ҳһڹ˾æҪҪģ˻ø˷ҪѾĸ㰾Ҳˣ
Ҿôһ˵ʲôѽҺȣҺȻӹűһûһ;ŻůġⲻڸҲԣֱڸ
貢ûżȥһʵûʵ㣿
û°ɣ
ʵҺʵһ¶ûǡҲҿۣϾող͵һԭζ࣬Щ顣
̧ͷḧһ£˵һ̣ҧҧ͹ȥˡ
ǣָĸǹӳ츾еѬյģ߸ǵķۡΪ˲跢ֶߣץֱһ£ʹʱұЩѡ
ʲôأһ
ڼо񡣡Һ˵
оҲòԲаɡ㡭𶯣𶯡˵һ룬Ȼɫ䣬ܵ˾ţ˵
ôˣҲһ
Ѫˣ𶯡ͷͷ
ҵǱ𶯣ͷѽĨһѣȷʵѪˡ
˻ˣƤءϽͷЦõķҵԴǰбһַҵͷһȥֽҾӷͺܿɣ£ɫİŵķ鷿΢΢׹俴ͷƬѩУԲ˫鼷һƤϸ۹⻬׻λҫֱҵѪ˲ӿͷĿѣ޲ýȥ鹵
ôԽԽˣֽסҵıӣϱЩ壬Ǳŵˡɹ˲ֹѪ۾ֱڵأգ᲻òգһ¡
ңɻôôѽĿͣһ漴Ӧ˹ͷһԼڴ˲һ죬Դϴһ£Ķأ
һűӣһԴʹ˵ʱء
ʲôûзӦ
軳̵Ƕʱ⡣
ģҲǣҲǣȻˣС治֪㵽˭
Ұ֡
ֲŲôҪء
ôܽвҪأһ˵֡
ˡֱֳֽҵϣЦ˵ȰѱѪɾ˰ɡһϵ룬Сֹ˾䣺治ܺˣе󡣡
ֳֹţֺʲô˲ڼģܲҾ˵㲹ɣ²ͷٳˡ
ҿ鲻ܲšת˷䣬һҩӻˣҼ򵥴һ£ֹס˱ѪʱҪѧϰˣϢ
Ѿ͵ıԵǰ뿪Ҿó͵ԭζ࣬ڴߣڿһҲ˲ʲôʽˣԺĻ滹ûʧĽ˿ڼӲϣ˿ĦŹͷϸ⻬ˬУֱݣһŲһһģЩô˳
סŰں˿µߣһͷ⴦ڱ棬һڣ΢лƤζ˲˱ǻԺŸղŵĻ棬ǻԲ鷿һ˷ܼ̼ҲϼӿߣٶȣĿдӺֱԡ
һ˿ζһ߷ߣﲻĳӣ贩ƷװҵĴϣôź˿ĿɰСżҵļͦнĸҽ㽻ҵ˫˫ϸĺ˿ظţ˿ϸĴС
ڳʱıͣûһܣֻ㷢йߣٶԽԽ죬ҸеҪϮʱ򣬷źȻƿŵĻһ£ܵץԵУ׸ס壬ﰵԼɵƣȻš
ڱŷţ貢ûпҵľٶһһʣ·𣿡
ûСҵһƬհףڷţȼнӽӲ
ѰһȦץУӣԹˣûСҪߣȻҸУףʵ಻ࣿ
࣬һ㶼ࡣţݷϣϽ뿪
֪ǲƳҵɵĿңʵʲôأ
ûʲôҡоҡڤ롣ҵЩˡ
˵û˵һץסӣһ·ԭζ˿ļͦôı¶ǰڹڼȻһһ˳ŨȳľҺʵʵ˺˿һУȫ迴
ҲҿصĴƬ֮·Ϻݺһңת뿪ķ䡣
߳нɢȥԼԴץ˸У군ˡ
1.7
һҹڻ̿жȹǵûжִңûһ䣬ĺܺؿֹܻܲеˡ
峿û緹һͳϰȥˡϰԹţ˵Ե޹ʵķƢһǲˡȻûиϰ¶Ҿ͸ʵʵ˵ˣʹҴѧȥˡ
һ죬Ҷڻججжȹ֪衣
Ƣ˽ģرִֵͣƢһ٣ǻãһԵսȥҸ˴ܣϴһû˵Һû˵źڵġ
һأϴλҪࡣ
͸һһ˵һ仰żһۣҲǿһѸٽƿ
СҶıӣ˽Ϊңϰ֡һǵһμﲻЩľɥĺ費ٰˡҪǸϵĵǸֲ֪οڡ
ڻ̿жȹ죬ֱѧ߳Уʱӷײһ£ʾҿǰ̧ͷһƣϲķ֣ĳͣ·ߣڼʻϣһỵ̂һִڳĳϣϼŸ󡾵ޱ
ʱ裬գյ˲ɢҹ˲ͬӷ𣬿첽ܵ˳ߣ΢΢һһĵ˵Ϸү밲
轫󡾵ƣͷһۣʾϳƨƨߵ˸ʻλϣӣȻɹź˪ѾҪֿˣҷѧ˵Ѿԭˡ
ϣҵĸϴˣ첻ֱƯˡҹȵ˵
бؿһۣû˵ƨԽļƼֶվһϤӰǸڹݺҵŮ
裬ͣͣҴ
һɲŤͷŭңë
ָŽֶ棬͵ǸŮݺҵġ
˳ָķȥʱŮѾʧ˷ѧ˳֮СһȦҲûҵüôˣ˵˭ѽ
ҹ˲Ͻͣ򿪳ȥܵѰңϧΧǷѧؼҵͬѧ˰ҲûҵӰɥĻصʣأ
ҡˡüί˵
ٸס
һҪͣãĻָ˻ȥ
뿪ѧУתֺҷ·߲ԣȥĶĿǰûҡֱĿĵأһ԰СƣСٴѯʣ裬ʲô
û˵
裬òǲҪ˰ɣǲѽ
費ͷصһۣôôϻ˵ܱѽ
ƽʱͿʼƶ˵ƤˣЩ£Ͻӣϡ
ȳ֮ͦ󣬸һӭǵһ긾ŮС˼䣬Ҹһ䡣Ƿֳִװ޵ĺܱ£мڷһɳΣʶԭǴҽˡ
긾ŮɳϣʼĿĵ˵һСʱʱ˵˺ܶ࣬Ҷڷܣ̸ʲôǲסˡ
̸֮긾Ů̸ͬ˰СʱʱѾ쵽Ͼŵˡ
뿪ڳϣ˭Ҳû˵
ĥŸЩʲô⣬εļž跴ȿˣôĮղҽרԸѧͦġ
Ŷװģĵ˵ͷ
̸֮󣬸оûа
аɡ
ʲôлУ
ǡС
ٴĬָһһнûỵ̂һصӡκƽ˵ҽң㾡ķ飬Ҫйѹ
Ŷ
軹˵Щʲôſڶû˵ֻظһ䡺Ҫ̫ѹȻؼˡ
Ȼѯҵ̬Ȳδƣ֮ǰ΢ˡǰҺ辭һЩ֮˴ŵСЦȴǰЦڿңһЩżӴԵúܽš
֪ҽĵĿ϶ֹ߿ϵ£ЩΣԲø˵Ҳ֪ԼΪǲԵģҲڻνġơ
תۼ˰£ȥѯ˵Ǯû׻ҽһģ˲١
Ϊתעҽеľѧϰϣ½˲úˡ
û뵽׷Ÿңûûˣˣ¶û¶ҸǰգƴʾѾܾûȥӰˡ
ԼŮú廹ҪģǰƱԼ͹㳡
Ϊϴε飬ҶԹЩӰؾͽǰԼص㡣
ôɣҴ԰СʱȻڳܡ
ٲˣҸû˵ϲ㡣
дЩɳƣɰַǳĶ졣ûǸСħŮ
æѭȥȻ
ֻСħŮŷۺɫ£ţп˶ЬͷźɫѼñ˫ֲ¿ڴﴵǣ۾бӣ鲻мǰվһһͷķ⽡˶ǿͷһġ
㲻ϲңΪʲôÿԼ㶼ӦԵЩ
СħŮСһм˵ֻҪϻǮһԼҳҲӦġ
~ ⻰˵ã˶̫ˣ˵Ǵˣ׵ָСħŮŭ㡭治Ҫ
ŲҪأһ׷Сƨɺ֣ĶأҾѽҪٸңҾͺѽ
Ҳ٣ָ߸߾ҪСħŮţͷЦϣŮѽ~ 
ҲǣҲǣ˰죬˦ҧݵ˵˶˵Ԯһš֪ˣǸˡ
СħŮ˫ֲ嶵˵ԣǼˣҸԮϴθ˿ʱ򣬻Ҳ˿ء
Ҳɵüͷһ壬룬Ѿͷ칻ѽ⻹̣
ͨ죬һ߬סڣŭ˵һԣ
СħŮܵ΢΢ЦҶһԣұ֤ӱ䣬ɨңɵһ漴ֽĸ첲ɨɿ˹ֻСһҵ󣬴ſǻίͰ͵˵磬۸ҡ
˭˭˭磿
һûӦôأ̤ĸ˹´һüͷһ壬ʣ˭
¶ûɶϵҲͽ˵̬ʵЩ˲ˬ
һǺ˭ѽ
٣첱Ӵֻ֣ţ۵ɣʲôϵ
Ҹû
Ҹ磡Ҹ㣬Ҹȭ֣Сĵ㣡СħŮҵ쳤˲ӣ˵Ƶζ
֪뽫ˮҲŲϵأæֽƿ˵ʲôʱˣݰ
СħŮǴһתۼ˫§סҵĸ첲Ͱ͵˵磬۸ңҴ
ҪըˣһûѾ˹ָҵıҲģĶģ
ҲģĶģ
֪ǸᣬʱҲòŽˣǵøһܲˡֻԷĿͷе󣬱Ҹ߰ͷˣҪԿ
ǰһҪźƵĴˡ
Ҵǲ
趯һԡȻе𣬵Ͼˡ
Ҳ٣ţѽ㣡ĸѧУģ
ĸѧУģֶһԡ
ţһԣ˵һԣ
ţˣ趯һԡ
赽ĶģţƵ㣡
ͻȻ֣˺ûпôţƣ˰ĵҲ֡
ҲãҪҲռʲôˡ
ĥŸθ˫һ̨ף֮ʱߴԽֻСħŮ֪һ軨Ƶߵһ㶣漴ӦæһСġ
ۡһѾصĺϣһҽУ˵ϡ
Ͻѽʲô㰡
һûӦôأСħŮѾקסҵǰˡͷȥһӵѪڵϣ˫ֱͷطһʱ侹Щ֪룬ֻϡͿĸܡ
һ֣ҸоЩˣȴеӡ
˦֣ڴڴ˴СħŮͣ½Ųתʿɲ̫ѽҪ˴Ƶý֢໤ˡ
̧۵Ŵ˵㡭ٸҡҪǡ㣬ҷšǺ𲻣ҡҸг𰡣㡭һֱݺҡ
˭ҸءСħŮͷһᣬ˸ۡ
˭磡
ѽСħŮ΢΢һЦ
ү
ûүи硣СħŮɴˣ
ٸһףҸ˵鷳ˣϴݺңݺңôɣ
СħŮ˫ֲ¿ڴͷѾߣƲƲ죺ô
˵أװһݺݵӡ
СħŮ̧ͷһЦҸ˯һɡ
ұ˵ˣðŻĽϵ´һ飬ƴĿɰСƯϸȴŹǵĸоۺֵĻ½֮ϡ
ǡҪô˵ĻҲ˼ԡ֪ڸˣϹ򣬲档
СħŮתֶߣҸϽ׷ȥסû˵أĶѽ˵ɣʲôʱ˯
ھȥСħŮʾҿ棬һҿݾƵꡣ
ǣĻͦ档У۾Ϳ˭˭
ͬһߵƵſڣͣ½Ųң˵ȥ
ûаԥ߽˴תҡҸ׼ŽȥȻЩԾѾͷ߶߶ģܾôռ˰ɣ϶ʲôıѲɡ
һ֤ͣûУǰŸ˵ҹƭŮƺҲϴˡ
ҰûСԴһ޹ʵôˣô
ԾơѽѾԼˣû뵽һѲġҿ˼֮ʱֻˡͳרŸ˻һ룬½ģԼ¶ء
绰½ҳһ٣ǸҲ֪ôģȻҵݵĸоҶϵ绰֮󣬶СħŮ˵м¶ƽˣǵ˸㡣
˵תߣû뵽ȴҹӿŲҪ˦ȴʼղĸԽԽ죬СܣֱԼ۵ģû¶һ
һεĿ㵽ʲôģ

û˵˽ǣһۺɫݡúܿɰƫƫһ첻ߵģջۿҪĿĵˣôСβȥ½϶Ҫ鷳ġ
ô˦½ĵ绰ˣ˵ǵӰҪʼˡҿһʱ䣬뿪һСʱôżҹȥӦбĿ
ŮǽȵвһҪæǸ档ЦŸ
޺Ĵ۾һ޹ĿңͻȻˣžһճƯСϡ
ãӲԣǸƤҩ
ʵû취ɴ಻ˡǰߣںԼĿĵ֮½һŭԹʱܱģе⹤򣬶׾ˡ
һûüͣѾע⵽˸ԵСħŮɻʵ˭ѽ
ҽһԣ˵Ҹ˵ģڹݺҵǸŮ
½Щȣ˰
ϻ㵱ƭ˵ѽʶôˣһȥ˴𣿡
½ؿңԥ˵ᡣ
ҿЦã˵ˣû
ڸ㣬ʲôأ½ʡ
ô֪˾͸񾭲һҿЦ˵
ʱСħŮȻʵҪȥʲô
½붼û룬Ťͷش𣺡ǵȻҪȥӰ
ѽϽԴתԹ˵Щ
ô˵𣿡½ɵʵ
ǵѽ
Ŷ½ŷӦ
ŶͷѽϽ취˦
½һۣû˵ģ㸺˦
Ҫа취Ͱ˦ˡεĿЦһ
ô죿
ô죬ϹתŰɣ˵ȻˣԼˡ
ò׳Լһλᣬô鷳¡½С䣬ͻȻ̧ͷɵʵǲ˼ˣҪ˼Ϊɶ˼ҲұˣרŲ㣿
̫ˣʲôˣѹͲʶ
ҲŲء
˵½ɻ󲻽⣬ԼأĶðһѾͷôᡣ
Ƕ磬ôһСβͣ˵ıŤ¶ûˡôĿĵ̳ֻǸţ˵ʱһͰˡ
½һҵ˼˫ЬҼӰҪˣ㡣ǴӵСħŮ֪ʲôʱʧˡ
ѰӰ½һ˵˲ˣ㻹ء
ҵʲôͻȻһ
ȻĩⲿӰӳܾˣ˲ǺܶࡣΪұģԶƱʱһƫƧĽ䣬ȥ֮Ҳûɶˣˡ
ӰûãҾͿʼ½ϿֲʵϸСȥζѾиоˡ
½һĽƿ˵أȥһȥúÿӰ
ٴδȥ߹ܵӰԺ￴Ӱ˷ѽȥٿɡһ˵ţ˳ȥƸɫ۵Ůϣ
ѽôôᡣ뿴ⲿӰܾˣвС
Щ죺Ӱİ
Ӱʲô
һΪϴڵӰԺ̼ء
ΧһƬܸоСķ̡ճȭͷһ£ܲܲôᣡ֪һˣ淳
û취ָֻܰӲѹȥֱ׼Ӱȴķ֣߲֪ʲôʱ򣬶һ
ŵĲϸһȻСħŮҲĵʵôģ
˻ĵӰƱƱѽƱԱҳÿɰ˰ۡ
Ҽ˭ˣ㲻ô֪ǿⳡӰģ
СħŮ˵µѽֻⳡӰʺ¹ۿˡ
һֱҵʲôѽܺ𣿡
ѽ
½ע⵽߶ŤͷҲһľô
ҵ˵ô֪һء
ôһݵġ
ҿЦ֪ѽҶ챻Ʒˡ
㵽ô˼ˣǲǵϷ˼ˣǲ˴ˣ½ңơ
¶ȥ˰Ķôѽ
ΪʲôҪ㣿
ȥ
Ƭ̣½̽ӣֱСħŮͬѧǼСôˣΪʲôҪѽ
ϲ
СħŮĻشɴ˵½ˣҶһ¡
㡭½Ƭ̣ҪߣҸæסοϹ˵ܻ𳵣ûһ滰ˡ˵ˣϲңֲϲ
½ϲ㣬ܵǲǣ
ʲôõġô˵ȴЩǷǡ
ѵΪϲңԲŲҵģȷʵͦƯͦɰģҪǲô߶߶ģСҲͦġ
Цʲô½ʵ
Ц𣿡
ЦˣЦĻô
ˣϹˡӰӰ㲻һֱ뿴ⲿӰ𣿡
˵˵Ž½ҾеˣŮм䣬Ҵһ¡СħŮֱߣһ仰Ҳû˵ӰƵģ½ֱߣȻ۵ɵôģڳһרעӰӣд֡
Ϊ˻գҲԵӰ²ۣܶ½ЦֹȴʧˣľͷһǶûһ顣
ҿ˼ڤ룬ôĵʱ򣬴ͻȻһͷһƣһֻѩϸСҾ㵵ŤͷȥСħŮҲڿңͺʲôûһ쳣򶨡
Ҳ֪ʲôûʲô¶ҪֹŮСѾ䣬Ϊ˶Եʣûһñ˽ȥСһ·ɲ
ŮСסͣ£Ĵָסͷۣϸϸ࣬ò֮֡ǱϸĸоˬҲ˳ͽ𣬽ͦһС
֪Բ⣬оʵ̫ˣŪֹټŮѾߣ͵Ĵ̼ĸоֱҲ˷ӳڵĻ½ȻûвΪ˱ҽ׻Ͱ֮ķϡ
Ůҵİߣ۵СżӲߣ죬һ⡣ҵ߬סӷֱֺ֣ʹþȫסǿ⣬ȴĺ߳һ
½Ťͷʵôˣ
͵鱻ץУŵĺëˣ򶨵˶ȣյĸǰסߣЦ˵еûš
ϽȥŸʲô½һۡ
ҡӰʣȥɡ֪һĺýڣо̫ˣʵе㲻ᡣ
Ͻȥɣëˡ½˵
ҲΪźܴ̼ϸŮ죬ȴİŮοֱСӰŻֵڡ
ŮСԽԽ죬ҵĿҲѸٻۣʵͲס֮ʱȴȻֹͣ˶ִҵĿĳ˳
ֱڰյĸоֱΰĿգ˫аĴ۾һ޹ңղŵѹûϵƵġ
ѽȴп˵ʵû취ˣȥ㣬Լ˳ĺܲʹ죬ͺһζͳԵһ룬ͻȻϯĳ˴ֲ赭ʵڽ˻
ʱŮûֵľٶٽβʱˡ½Ƶʵʲôѽ
˭֪ܾǸ񾭲ɡЩ飬ȴĻζŸղǷʴǵĸо
ΪҪؼҸϰӰɢ֮͸Իؼˡҵ¥ʱҲְ˼졣Ҹ˼ţĸﴫϰֵŭƬô£˵
ҺöһۣԵЩɻϰڼˣƽʱ˵ĵģƵģӡǵһΡ
صѾˣڸͻ̸ҵ񡣡
̸ҵҪȥƵ𣿹йŮȥƵ꿪̸ҵƭأ˵ö˶˵ȥʲôͷ㡭㡭治Ҫ
Һôյǰֻϰ־żƬ࣬鼤ԲĿҲһŭݡһȥûǵ¶
ϰֻͷһۣתϣֿʼ
öƬ̣̲סСʵ𣿡
óƬ̣˵ǡȥƵ꿪
˵ұϣûӰ¶Ϲ˵
û˵ҵġĬƬ̣ɥ˵ºˣϰ͵飬˿ǿ϶Ҫˡ
˵ˣûӰ¶Ϲ˵ôôѽ
úݺݵصһۡʱҷŴ򿪣ϰַŭӶЬûͳ˼š
໥֮СڴϣϢأӾĲᡣ
ǼƬɢڵϣҼһۣȷʵƷ˿߸Ь裬Цݵĸһ߽˾Ƶ꣬Ǹ˺죬ϴγԷʱǸͬѧǸʲôƨܡ
ȻƬԣ˼粢˾Ƶ꣬뵽ǣƬ˭ĵأ
1.8
ôжƬһüͷԽԽյԣȰο裬ҿ϶վߡ
ͷҲأû˵˾䣺һ߶ȥ
ŵòһ˵һߡҼԱ̲סЦݺݵصһۣСԴһ˦ʾϡ
ͷ֯һԣȻڴߣ˵裬Ұôˣɹġ
иƨá豳ңɳŭ
裬⻰˵Щ˰ô˵ҲǼĳӣĺܣ㽫Ұ飬ҲܰһƲѽ
ңøźһ䡣
ûҡļ򣬲ͣ׷ʣ˵ǲǣ裬˵ǲǣ
͵üͷ⺢ôôѽܲܳȥҰһ
ƤЦߣ§סļ򣺡ֻã躬ĽڸǱĸ֮ʱˡ
бһۣô𣿡
ҽƬǰҿ԰ѽƬĵôҷǳᣬһͲĳģ϶ʱԤı
ޱĶƬһֽ˹ϸơ
һָ㣺裬ƬĽǶȣƬĽǶȣǴطյģ϶õģһһˡ
û˵üȴ
ǲǸʲôгѽ
бңⱲĳˡ
ЦˣҸ˵ء
Ƭ룬˵ЩϵĽӴƼˮ֮꣬ʲôʲôԹġ
ƬǴĶģ
ġ
֪Ǽҵַǿ϶ͦġ
ϻ
ҳһ£СʵȥƵ￪Ϊʲôѽ
ңüʵ˭ȥƵ￪ˡ
Ҽ׷ʣȥƵʲô
ϵ飬ʲôϵ
ⲻڰҷˡ
Ҳæô˹ֽƵһߣӲЩײ˸ͷ
𣺡ʲôʱˣ֣˼Σ˵ǹ˾ǹ˾ҵĿȥƵһؿ̵ġ
ȻԲ죬õ֤ʵ̲סسһЦŶ˵ʵ¶ͦ򵥵ģ͵ƬĵǼҪƻϰֵĹϵ
ߵһͲµˣ˵
ǣŮŲߡⲻԣ
賤̾һֲǵء
ҰСۣ侲ˣҲ¡
ҾôˣɹģҾô˷ģ
Խ˵Խ
ҸæϰֽͣҰСе塣ñְ࣬λֱߣûӡ
ûӣҾ͵ôְؼҸǵѽ
˳ĺ󱳣ЦȰ
úȻʵ裬ƬˣǲǶ˼ѽ
һۣʲô
Ǿš۾һת󡣡
ˣûǵ¶ˡСӱʹ˵¶ѧϰȥ轫Ƭʰֵظǳȥ
ٳʱͷʵ裬Ҷˡ𣿡
費ͷ˵ԳԳԣ֪ԣͶ̥ѽҷ췳ˣĶйźǡԼȥ
Ŷ
뿪ңң¶˭ɵģ
˭۰ֲͣ¶˭ɵġ
һǾƬϵǸһɫеӣ϶ɫҪᵶᰮԲŹƻĹϵ
̲סЦһͲ뷨٣Ѫ翴˰ɡ
أòĵҡ
Ҿš˵еҺٺһЦҲпϰǱߡ
ϰֵǸСˣ
˭ֲ֪ǸĦ˹
ȻСħŮ͸ò󣬵龫ֵĳ̶ȱй֮޲¶ҪɳģһҲȡ
˵˭һóѡһҪֹ顣
УģġϽȥɡ
Ȼô˵ǿ賳ܣҵﾹȻЩССİˬԽԽ顣Ȼ֪뷨Ǵ治ģҾ̲סȥ롣
ϰҹңȵࡣȻԹչ˵΢
һѧǸصСħŮٴγ˻ؼҵ·ϡ˫ֲ¿ڴվڽֵԣ·ʱβרڵһ
Ҳ֪ҵӰԺǷ񣬵˻ζ
㲻ѧܸҸʲô̲סʵ
۲ѽ
һ㶣۲ңʲôù۲ġ
ʳϰߡԸ񰮺ã۲һС
ҿЦãҵС˰
һ󣬺Ȼֱ׳˵ҵǮ
ƾʲôһͷ
𣿡СħŮ֣а۵ϸָȦһԲСָ·͸״壬۶ڴ֮ͥ˴ֱɲŵĶ
˲ʱ˵ӰԺˬ̼ĸоһʱ֪ʲô˼ǱǣűߣΥĵ˵˾䣺
Ҳ˵ҵһֱߣƣģʴǵĸоһԺζšĺƷһۻСֵζȦˣթ
תһ룬һСѾͷƬӣʲôúµģŪǮ
˼ȥʵ̲סˣͣ½ŲͷʵҪǮ
١
ûеʨӴ󿪿ڣԽܡԥһ£˵;ϡ
~ ~ 
ҹƣĥȥĶҸû˵طСħŮҹ˹ָʾҸһ֣߽һ˶װ꣬Щƣûüʣͼһ˶㣬ԵԱ˵ùˣԼԴˡ
˲䷴Ӧɵø̾СѾͷֱ̫ˡ
ᵼԱСħŮһͬ¼䣬ƵǽϣӾȥҿӡҺʵ㾭𣿡
ûлش𣬵Ѿ˴𰸡ͷž·۵Сʱа˿ˮͬڿһʱѳʰ벪״̬
СħŮסغסһ£ȫ֮ССţɫҺ˳ŷһߣ˺͵ĹͷϣȨ֮á
ϸ壬»Ǹо˵ˬǻвͷ״ʱ֮дܱȫҾĴ˰ӣ֮͵һ㡣
۴ľӨҺ壬ŮСŪ˳ҵĺ﷢˺ߺ˫ֽգȱֱһ
СѾͷַʵ̫ˣֻ֣Ⱥ½Ҫˬ
ҵͷС鵭Ȼ峺о鷴󡣲֪ģҵﾹȻһ˿֮УҪֽ۾ס
ǿ֮ʱͻȻŮԱѯʣ·𣿡
ЩɣȻѾо˲Ծ
СħŮ򶨣ԾнŪŵȴŵòᣬæ˵һ£ӿסˡ
Աû˵֪ʱ䣬ȻܲᣬҪϿС
ҪߴЩ֮ʱŮǰ㣬СȵıϢڹͷϣˬʹһ顣Ƭ̺ſС죬סͷԱƵһ˱ţϸ۵ײһҾǱһ㣬飬ѣЩ߳
Ůһ±˻ȥڹⶺһ¿ɰСǸ޹ı顣ҽĴߴٵ
СħŮһЦüǮ
Ǯ
һǧ
㡭⡭ǳû٣
ôڵϣ̧ͷңʲôҲû˵ҼֱҪƷˣûôǮ
Ƿš
УǷģǷġ㡣
СħŮٴſСͷУ۵۴ֵһ͵ͦǰӲС
Ů̧ˮĴ۾ңһίͰ͵Ŀģֻϧǵûлҵͬ飬ҵһͦʪȻĿǻ˺
ŮСЩ죬ûз˫ҵĴȣ̧ҡò˵⸱ģĺջ𣬻εıϷˣ̲סһͦһͦĿʼHŪС졣
ŮСģȴûκԹ˫סغ裬ų壬Сţͬʱÿͦ룬С඼Զͷǻʣһ㣬޲ýȫȥ
ҿżӲӣ֮س鶯Ŀж˶㡣
ұסСԴʼͦHŪٴδԱǸǺ𣿻Ҫ·ء
һHŮС죬һҧгݵ˵ϡϾͺá
ϰԱԹ
һ֮ͦͲססСԴƽǻֱͦһɹɵŨҺӿŮҵĴȣһһµ䶯ţҺȫȥ
Ůͷͷ˲дľҺȫУȫϴɾ֮Ż˳ҵһѣΣһƮƼøСò˵ܹ̼һ԰顣
ǵ׺ûУ
ԱڴߴˣҸæÿӣһݣȻ߳¼䡣Ůվ棬ǡϾ˻£е飬Ǹ˵˼·ӻˡ
Ӻ𣿡һŮЩʵ
̫ϣ´ΰɡҽӵ˹ȥСħŮߡٳʱȻֽſڵ¼ƵȻת˳ȥۼԱڣ룬·ӡ
һû׷СħŮͣ½Ųתһֻ룬˵ҪĻʱıѾͷˣȫ㲻Ϊ߼˰죬Ϊôһͻ
һͳֻ˵һ飬ʵʵļ¼
ڱ༭ƺʱ򣬺Ȼ֪ʲôأ̧ͷѯʡСħŮԴתת˵ŵ
֡
صңϰɳϿֻҽţûѵˣһϹܡôˣĶȥˣ
ϰǰٹң֪ȣҲûȥ˸ɣ˹ȥ˳豳վڳǰˮյĿյ죬վſڴ˸кȴûκηӦ˳˼
̲סıӰߡΣɵļҾӷزסħƵģΧȹϵһϸҵԺﲻܿƵСڣʵĶӴӺ汧סĸףĸ׵°ǵĿӣȻˮرߣӲļӮˡ
æͷĻȻߵһ¡һͷңüܺӣһ
кˣûһƬкõĻƹϣ߽ʣʲôأô񣿡
СӴôʲôдҵȥ
ˣһдʲôҵѽ
Ҫٺ˵˵˺졣
ΪЩĪƬϰֺ뵽ս֮УҺĹϵǻ˲١ղôΣǰСЦˡ
վԣʵҰֻأǻûͺأ
轫кõĲʢûҡ
Ҽ׷ʣǲǷɵûҰ˵ѽ
ߵʲô˵ģôԵ¶벻ףѽ
ĵͲøĸϽ飬ǵһ滹ϣܹϵġװһϳɳصģĳȰ裬Ҿʱ̫ǿˣ仰˵£Ҫ
һҲ飬Ĳ˵ݺݵضڰϣԱ˳ŵãһϹ£ӵ¶õ⹦ܲѧϰϵ¶Ҿ㣬ؿԣĳɼҪµͱˡ
ãĵ¿ηΡ
ҸæͣұŴ£һֻʥġⲻѼͥոôʵûѧϰˣԲȰ䣬ʲôѽ
û˵ôȥȰ֣ŶŶҵĴǲ
ǣûҰҲûǼƬˣ̫Ƕˡ
ˣˣƶ죬ϽȥɡЩͷˡ
Ҵ֣֧֧ʵ裬¶в
˵
ÿ˳Է˯ϲʣѧϰˣеˣҡܲϢһѽ
Ƭ̣˵¶ࡣ
Ȼ̫ãǱ̨ʺԣͬˡҾǻ˼͵ķˣô˵˾䡺лл衻Ȼգһڡ
Եһ£漴͵ؽƿԾŵĿңŷӦܵһǰĸô棬ҲûʲôЩǵĶоЩˡ
ˣϽȥɡ湻ġ
εգҸ˳
صϰߵſϰңػ̨ʵڳģ˵ʲôأ
û˵ʲôѽһ£Һúѧϰôѧڷһ䣬ǸصСħŮתʵˣ֣ͬµŮϵ𣿡
ʲôͬµŮϰЩãȻȻûзӦ
˵Ҳ߿Ǹϴǻһֵ𣿡
ŶϰֻȻתɵңͻȻʲô
ܾϰֵĹϵûô򵥣ϰֵķӦпҲĿͻҪ¶Բ֪ǾҪġ
飿
͵һæҡͷ˦е뷨ʹȻ̲סʵǲǽаŵѽ
ϰһ˫ĿԲ㡭ô֪ģָˣ
ţ˼䡣
䣬ϰַŭҲ˵ˣ𣿰
Ǯ׸ˣ
û뵽ϰֵķӦôŵЩˣΨΨŵŵĽ͵ǡҵģû
ϰֽңݺݵˤ˵ϣ¶Ѿ鷳ˣ㻹ң˵꣬ߣݺݵؽˤϣ׶û
ӳ˳üʵʲôأأ
֪ҲЩˣϰƢЩĪ
ôˣ
ûҰ֣䣬ȻˣȻˡǡѧϰɼðɡ
趢˰Σߵһһծ
ϰֲ֪ȥĶˣҲû绰ѯʡҵһϵļڣ극׼Ϸʰ꣬ԡߣ׼ϴ裬һ䣺һ׼
ĸϴˡЦž˸
տʼʱﻹϰֺСħŮ飬Ͼþûֱˣһˡڴ£ϣӣӵĽʱ̣ɳϵֻˣҳɤӺ裬ֻˡ
ˮͣˣ˳˵ʲô
һ߲ٿֱһظֻˡ
ҽһ°
æأֲ֣
䷿ſһڵ첽˳Ĳֻץ輸ϵңӹˡ
ڹؼʱ̣һ㶣תʵʲôأ
ֻԡųһֽץǰԡһȥɳϵֻΪԵʣʪľס˰Բı˫強һ鹵ɫϸ弡͸źڣɢӻζ
ȻոձСħŮк˻𣬵ۼ˾ͬɲһһ㣬ֻȣͣѸռ˴ԡ
ֻһʾ𱸵ֵĵ绰һ߽ͨһһۣ۷ֱƺʶԼĴŲ̫׵תȥˡ
ҴƬ̣յתϷûҵС糡ʼݣ͵Ĵ򿪣輱Ҵҵ˵ֺȶڷ˴ܣ˴ҽԺˣȻһҽԺȥ
Ұָ˴ܣ΢΢üЩš
ѽϽ·ȥߴһ䣬ת׼·֪ԡҵЬЩˮ֮¾Ȼһ˸Ľų죬ЬɳԶ
ҸæȥȴƼ˲˵Ļ棬ԡ°ڣΪԵ˼֣Ĵһ죬ֵ¶ѩ
ֻһۣЩѪɫ죬Żŵԡסȣǳ⣺ۣ
ҸæĽ۱ϣŵĻȴӡԺȻ̱ð棬ֻ¶˱ɽһǣƵʵʵڣ߸¡ڴѩɫмһյϸڰݣְۣɸɾǸճĴͷؼǣȻëǸ׻
豻ҷ֮󣬱ȥ·ȻһͬǰҽԺ
ϰֺȵ࣬ѪĵڲϣɳѾˣ˵Ǹֵ꺺ӣȥ͸һ⣬ֱӰ˸ˣҪţϽˡ
ϣ趼ŭŸ꺺ֳۣŭǼ亱ġͻȻоǸƽǽϰֹܵģƢĸϻʵǷǳϰֵġ
֪ΪΣҵﾹȻһ˿˿ʧ䡣
Ȼϰֱ˴ˣҲǼߣͬ˰ޡ˵ϰֵӿͦ˵ģʵ˵ҲûأǰѱӸˣһѪ
Էͽ⣬ͬ⣬һҪ߷;һԵɳ񾯲ͣϡ࣬Ǯˡ
ôһ֣Ĺϵ࣬ȻǻϲģһۣͻˤĻ棬һʼң赽ǲǰ׻
ԽԽķԽķԽ֪𰸡һ棬ֲϵĻζСħŮҴĴ̼ˬУһͣĶϢѧϰѽӻɫ˼룬¶쳣궯ֱ˰צĵĵز
죬̲סˣŤŤĸСħŮȥ˵绰СħŮһַҷѧ֮ԥ˰죬ջǵв˹ȥ
һϾɵľ¥ǰҼСħŮŵſɵ˶º;ŷֿ㣬Ϸɫ˶ЬͰɫ࣬˫ֲ嶵бҲ֪Ϊʲôһͻȣڡ
ҲǸշѧ𣿡ûһ
ѽ
һΪ㲻ѧءϷʵһЦ
û˵ת˶¥ߵķӡֱߵжӵɳϣվǰҴһЩžɣȻһȾûʲôƽӦǿûס
ңҺʵ
̼ңүү֮Ҿ͸̰ᵽ󲮼סˡŵһ˵ţһߵһˮڵ¯ա
ҸоЩֵֹģȴ˵֮֡󣬼ղŵĻ⣺סأˣ
ûشߵҸǰ۵һʲô
Ǯأ
˺ðŷӦæ˵ģ˲˵ģˡΪ˳Ｏʣҿ˲ٵصƱʵۡСħŮ͸Ʒһһմ񫣬䶼䲻ˡ
Ƿ֮ȲʵʲôŤͷ˿ӣһؼңǲҪֱϴˣ
Ҫдҵûʱ䡣
Щҽʲôأ
ҹСħŮһӣҲ֪ˣʲôУСĸ˹ȥ
ӦǰңһŴһǽſϺСħŮߵԣ˵һæ
üʵЩãȻ˵Ԯôֵ𣿵ǰᵽ˴ߡϣڴͳ鱾дҵʵ̲סˣ㵽ʲôѽ
дҵѽ̧ͷңһȻı顣
ҹǰ̧дҵѽ
СħŮһߵͷдҵһ˵ѿˣ档
ͷʲô
ʡ
Ҷԥ˰죬ǽȻ°굽棬ϰ©档˵ʵĸоЩ֣Ҷ֪Լʲôˡ
ˣ㵽ʲôѽ˻~ Ŷ~ 
˵һ룬СħŮͻȻŰɫĿɰСѾȵҵļϣţͻУˬͷһò˵Ļ湻ģͿڽŮ㽻һָоˡ
һĲ̤֮ԭſſӲ߸𣬺һСħŮʲôûƵģͷдҵȴҽѹ¶ˣ²̤˶Ƥϡ
СħŮǲŷһ̤ƵģѹŲһһֺֿͷ״Ĵָʳָָ⣬һ۶šҸоСеͣŰɫܸ࣬оŮĵ¶ȣҲ˵ϻϣʮֵˬʮ㡣
Ŷ~ ̲סһʵĶѧô໨ѽ~ 
ûлش𣬴ҳͬʱҲ˽ҾôڵϣѾĲ̤񣬳ʼĴ̼֮󣬲֪ΪΣȻһ˿ˬС
һ֮󣬰СѾͻȻһȻһһң㹭ϳһµСѨļסߣ
ˬı飬̲סץסСţȻ࣬оģģܿɰ°ڶСѾСħŮҲûֹС档
һ֮ͻ룬߬סڣҪСħŮƽ⣬СѾһ̧˳Ʊѵ࣬Ȼװ۵ĽѾ²ҵļϣ̡һָоˡ
ò˵ŮĽѾĺܺãӨۣ͸죬ûһӲʣȻûͿָͣ޼ȷʵʮָɾ࣬羫һ㣬ƢĿ
ŮĵƤǳϸۣγϸ΢壬۶˱ĿС𤻬Һ䵽СѾϣãHѨһ㣬Խ˳½㽻ʹʱ˿ֱ̱ر
ŮĹѾŪʮӣҵۼ֪ԼҪֲסˣ˫ץסŮ۽ѾͦHŪСѨٶԽԽ죬ս㱳һߣͷס۵ŮģйɵţһɹŨȳľҺ
ҽϰ̧𣬹Ųӣҧأֱнȥ˻ȥ
СħŮȴʲô鶼ûƵģƽҵѾɲڰļϣ˿ӽ𤻬Һ
1.9
ŵĴСһͨ֮ʱõ˷й
Ѿͷһϵг˵ΪҸеĺ档ûż뿪ͷдҵʱ
Щʮļ¥ִ٣ҺܴǽƤѾƣûоװޣҾߵһӦȫɫתһڿӻԿһȫҸǰλˣ̫̫ﱧһ߰СѾͷüܹ֮ŵӰӣվŮһλʮ꣬ǶԷ򸾣Ӧþĸĸˡ
ŵ賤ĺƯ߷ƣְŽ˿۾˹˹ĵӣͻ٣ŮƶȶСƬϸƣΪ˵ĸ׸ϰһλģǰҲ˵
һһӡҲûУȻӦǴμϰֺͰŵֵʱϰֲ˵ȥĸ߿ôղǷ˼ĸĸһ
˵ģϰһ˵˼ٻϰôڵģ϶йŹ֡ѲĿͻҪĻҺϰԮͬһŮ
Ҳ֪ΪΣҵﾹȻһǿҵļʸ
֮ʱŵӷ˳ѾЬӣǹŽѾûдӣӦѾʰɾˣһŨЬ϶Ǻܲġ
ҸæƬ£װû¶һЦһûһдҵ
СħŮûңֱӴ˴ţȻתңҪ뿪֪ʣʲô˼
Ҫҹ𣿡
ʵǲߵģȻСŲ˳ЩδĸоӣҲûȥ˼ûȤˡ
֮ʱ̲סͷ˾䣺һס
ŵգŴ۾ңûлش
ҵ˸׼뿪ٶȻͷЦϴβ˵Ҫ˯һʲôʱѽ
СħŮ΢΢һЦƭģ㵱ѽ
ǣˡҼˣô˵㻰ѽ
ҴҲû˵˵㻰
ãһƤġ
ԥƬ̣ת֧ǡ㿪۰ɡ֪ܶԲ½Ҿ͸˽ͷһֲĳ嶯
ǮߣҪ𡣡ŵ赭д˵
ô֪Ҫģ˵Ǯɡ
Ǯûϵ
Ǹʲôйϵ
顣
飿
˯Ҫҵѡſϣ΢ЦĿҡ
һɵʧЦ㿪Цɣʲô飿ǻ̸Ǯɡ
˵ʵʵȫû߼ֲ嵽ľ仰棬Ǿ仰Ǽ١Ҳϲңһֶ׷
˵ʵҲһϲһƵĿɰСŮ˭ֲϲأ
һΪ߼ʵЩëȻ
Ҫ˯ǾҪöҸ׼̸СħŮͷԼĽż⣬ȻᣬȴܼᶨڿЦ
ڸʲôϷҿЦвУ
˫ֱ󣬿ڴϣͷЦðɣˡһûǷţ뵽˵
ۻֱ˵̸Ǯɡ̸ˣûװ
须һ˵꣬ͽϡҷ˻ЦŻؼȥˡ
İ£СħŮûңټѧϰأؽˡƽʱǾϰ֣ó˵ĹϵԵĻࡣΪϰְģ̺õĴ»˻ȥƽϰͷ
ܾϰֲڳĴףҶ֪費ܳ죬ʶô꣬ô᲻˽ءϰֵķŭֻ˵꣬־ȴ޿οɵıְɡ
ǵλЩжģķ緢Ǽֱڻӡϰ⻹õģ뻹ûпʼͷļͬ£Ѿͺˡ
ϣϰֺ趼Ӧ꣬ѧУûֻһڼҡ
ЩżûˣϷɷɵģյһţ跢ģһϸַҾŵȥ
ƽʱæӦ꣬ҲǾƾɳˡֻż岻ʣˣʹѿ֮ƣҲǵһˡû취ʱˣ·뿪ǰĿĵأǮˣԣ֡
ſڣҰҵģ˸绰֮װģҵĶˣ˵ˣ
ʱһŮ§һ˶ҪʮΧӺơơҽæǺȵеˣͣһЩˤһֲ˸лƿȻ֡
Ҹæȥסĸ첲ӸЦ˵ô˰
е¶ˡ氡ЩȵĲ٣ѹҪȳ
ʲô¶ͷ˵
ȻǴѽӶˡһ˵ţһ߳Ϣ
ʱע⵽˵ͬѧǸʲôƨܣһλɳŵҲ죬˾ܡ
˿һ֮󣬷ҵĸ첲ߣճᣬ͸ɢ˼Ƶģӿҵļϣ·Ʈģǲ޻һ
ӡôҡ˼ƽһ£˵ҪһҾñǸ൹ˡ
贩Żɫɫְҵװխȹɫ˿࣬ɫƤͷϸ߸ЬʮֵԸУǹеζƾһѬǡǡټҺܽ˵ʱϢ嵽ԣģѹĵ׵Ƿݽ
գȻ򶨵˵ⲻǰʱ䣬׼ʱ𣿡ͣһ£ʵ裬ǺųƺǺ˶ѽ·߲ˡ
ǩ˸ӣܡ͡˸ãŻһЩ˳
Ҹæ˵£ȱ¡һøǸء
Һһ£˳Ƶͷۼӽ˿ڴ󳨣۷⼷һ𣬽·߸߶¶һԸ˵鹵ΪƵԵʣҲ鷿ҵĸ첲ϣ·ܸо͵ԡ
Լѳֲס뿴ֲҶ࿴Ͻ뿪ˣԣ֣һ⡣֮ܳ󱻷һƾˣϳ֮ʮɢƵģĿҵϣĳɢ˿ҵĲӣһһ˿˿ġ
Ȼ֪Ӧã̲ס۾ɫխȹµĺ˿ʵ̫ԸˣҵĻĻ̲סȥġ
Ҳ֪ôģҵСڣƵ豻͵Ȼһİǿ·ſ˫ȼ䣬ͷѨֱ֭磬Ӳ͵͵˽ȥ
ҲܿƵǷ֮ʱȻ߽һӣҸôѽ
һСʱ±ץ˸УæȼнѲ
ҡôңίʵ
סҵıӣߺߵƤ㡭
ǣôˡұڼҺúѧϰأһϢϾˣҡ
˵һ룬һҵϣĳ
죡
ã˵ʲô״κεĻھǰԵôĲ԰
˳⳵ҽڸ첲ϣߡ֮Ҳ˲øЬֱӷңΪʵЩһͷԵ˴ϡ
ϰֻûؼңվڴ߲˰Ѻڴϵ裬֪Ǻá
ֻںڳɢڴϣճ죬촽΢ţ֪ʲôʱĿҲˣؿڴ󳨣ң¶ѩ޳Ĳ鷿ǲܵһ㣬ƽŶǰĻԲ̣ͦϣźһһͷϸĺɫ߸ЬԾɴڽϣɫխȹµĺɫȽСĺ˿¶ɫļ˵ˡ
ֻſ˿ڿˮԴ齵Ƭ̣ȻȾƵ˻ڿʣæתȥһˮ˴ߡȻֶϵĺɫ߸Ь˰죬ҵģǲ֣ǰʱҿԺܴ󷽵¿ͣڷеϰˡ
ԥ˰ΣȻĳһЬϴŪലġֻ֪Ǹڣȷʵҵѹ
Ҵ˹ȥСĽšŪ˴ؽ߸ЬԲɰ˿ţԥҪҪ͵һ£Ȼһ߬סҵĶ䣬۵ҡѽһһΪǵִװݺأּҡҡλΣʣԲװġ
㡭۾ԴסҡΡ
ҸæͣҡҸЬܴܲЬ˯ɡѽۣ
û˵꣬קҵĶµ˻ȥҲһˤ˴ϡҪһˣƾԡ
ɾҵĶ䲻۾Ժļһ죬Ц𡭡Ϊ֪㡭ʲô㡭в
Ҳ֪赽˻ǼװģۣĵУввȷ֡ѽѽְ
šԽԽʹɣ¶Źֵ΢Ц㡭͵ҡ͵˿࣬ʲôˣ
ʲôʲôûɣ
㡭衭赱ɵӰֻزصġЩС˵ʲô˼
ϡһ͵ֻһСģвĸģɾ϶Ǳˡ
˵˵ң㡭ǲĸǡǡϲҴ˿ࣿ
־ЩЦãȶʲô˵ƽʱ⣬žƾһȫʳˡ
ҡе㡣ֻֻϲ˿డŮĴ˿ҲϲҲһǵãɴʵʵ˵ˣóʱˣеˡ
ɿҵĶ䣬ҵžһƣ裡ˣå㡭ʲô
Ҳ룬ʲôʱˣåˣ~ 
û˵ְ꣬һơ
죡
ǣҡ
ž
ٶ졣
ұ죬ٿˡ
ĳ˰ΣȻһ§סҵͷ̾˿Թӣ衭㡭ôѽСʱôɰôԡ԰ôͳ˸̬ˣ
ҵĲۻǳ츾϶еŨ㣬꣬彥ֲ跢ֻܾĽƨ󹰣һϺΡ
ҵͷ߽ţˡôܶű˿࿴һǳå㡭ССҲôɫһ
˵һ쵽ĴôԸУǱѽ
һ֮ûϢӦ˯ˡ
ɱ§ԴǼܡҺ˼ûлӦҪ軳ѳ֪ͻȻһ˿ȴҵĴϣ§ĸˡ
ҵһ飬ֱȣӲķ͡ãսʤĸ첲׼˭֪ĸ첲§˹ĵӽ˹ǰҵɱˡ
Ըеĺ촽΢΢ſʪĴ꣬ԲĴ飬Ǵһ㣬ҡҲסԼԲԣȴܵٻһ㣬Ĵ˹ȥ촽ϣһ˲䴫ȫ
ϸƷæƿȴ⣬촽ڻζŷŵһǡһըѣ룬ѾˣһҲν
Լ˸ڣٶȥȻ˻ڴڵĴŴ촽ˬĸоδйҾƵģȻһٸԼһٶģȴܿƵȥû˿Ըеĺ촽һʪǡ
跢߽ŵҵıһ飬˿边Ȼͷ˳һҵ촽̼ĶܵˣҲϽͷ֮һ
ҵһƬհףȴң̫ˣҪˣˣȴĺ˿ϣḧţǹ⻬ĴУֱᡣ
ãҸоԼѾ˽ȥɴѾزſ϶ǲɵġ
¿ӣѾӲ˳ԥþãȷûļŲΡΡͦ֫Ĵϡͷ˿ȵһ˲䣬һһҪǳסЩ˳
ͦź˿Ħţϸ΢ɳɳ޿ܼĽۣϻϵˬУܿʹﵽ˶㡣
ĦƬ̣ҸоҪˣͻȻһ뷨赽ǲǰ׻
ԴľһƳ֮˺ܾˣǴɽĴʱǣָңе̫ˡţһ˵ѾܹˣҲⱲӻһΣֻǿѣֲɱġ
ãսʤǣƿ첲ȻȱߣָؿڣƽԼĺԼֻǿֻǿ
Ҷ̬˵ݣȷŲΡΡĽַĴϣɫְҵͲȹСȥڴȸںɫ޿˽ȫ¶ҵǰ
ҵĺԽԽ٣һ߬סԵͬɫ˿ڿ㣬һһʣǰǰ㣬Өѩļһһı¶ҵǰ
ûκڿһͬʵ䴦ʱ˽ȫ¶ҵǰ߸¡ְۣǸոճĴͷмһϸ죬ڰݣΧɸɾģûһëصǣǳСɣûⷭѨڣŮĹɰ
Ȼǰ׻һŴ˵еͷơ۷ֱǵƵģԽͻȻΪʲôϰ־ķɴףȢţҲῴĽģκ˽Ӵ
ҪһСѨ쵽һ룬ָ˻ǸңѾܹˣϾҵ裬ٲ֣¾ɲסˡ
ʹ飬ȻܣҲ˺衣
Ҷǵϸ죬żͦɿߣţҪϽйȴţ裬֣ƣ±һҪH㡣
Ҽ֮ʱȻŹرյŵͷƤһ飬ϽĿҵĴȻһ
ϰƿ˽վڴߣɵһһڴϵ裬ʵʲô
ҵĶˣǿװ򶨣Ц˵ȶˣջҸ˱ˮ
ϰüͷţֺȾƣһ쵽ûû˵Ӧꡣˣдҵɡ
ұϰָ˳صԼңڴڵĴŴŸղŵһĻĻĺաҪϰֿԼ裬ƾͲǰܽˡ
ҹڴϷȥȫİ׻ͷѨߣ˺üأ;һֱڵ
ϳԷԷʱüͷֱͷۣЩ飬ҿ
ѧ֮ǰ轫ҽסҼɫŹ֣˵ˣ϶ϵİӷˡֹ˾䣺ˣڼǳȥ
תһȦѰ˼ܶԼ˵ĻЩӡ󣬵֮ʲ̫˼ʡ˯֮飬Ӧǲ֪ġ
΢ĺ˵˾䡺ڼɡȻҴҵѧȥˡ
죬Ҿ͸ħһο˺üζûѰ˼ŵ½æ֪Ҹ棬Hһ£ȴĸҴˣҸѽʵû취ˣֻܲСħŮĵ绰Լ
磬˸ţԼص㣬һ
ҼŵʱɵǰһȻı˴·񣬿ŽͷǹŮ磬ۺɫףɫȹɫ˿࣬ɫСƤЬͷҰ趼ɢ˸˫βǰĿͷϱСèʮֵĹɿɰ
ҽϸĴһһ¶ȻͬŮ磬½˵ĸоȫһˡò˵ǸٱСħŮÿζһĻ˸ġ
ͷ̲ܺ裬ɵСһѸЩû߼Ϊϵ
ģͦʲô
̧ңɰ𣿡
ҺٺЦɰеֵֹġ
ŵ˸ۣʵԼҳʲôҪ˵ţ˸ߣܵơ
ҸϽͷûע⣬ſЦ˵˵˵ܲٵ֫ԡһСҼҵģ˵ôֱӣҶе㲻˼ˡ
˶٣ѹʵϴλ⣬ֱϱݣ׶Ǯ
ҲҪǮ
ʵڲ֪ڸʲôʹͷܵɣҪ˵׼ûס
˵һûãǷţ˵
Һɵ϶è壬Ҫǲѻ˵ˣָԺҸʲôء
ԥ˰죬ָ˵ɣǧǮôҴˣǮҸƯС´ˡ
ͷ赭д˵˾䣺Ҳϡ
Ǯ~ ԮΪǮ𣿡
ͷüãǾ򡣡
ҾſڵʨӴ󿪿ѽǹﰡ
ŵЦЦ㿴˼Ǯָ𡣡
Ҹ㲻ڹˣһôţһ£ҧʵҰأʲôǮ
ŵһ㶣֣
԰ϴμҰһ֣˵ҰֲĿͻ
ңʲôðŵͷԣҵĿͻļǮߣ𡣡
ʵˣϰֹȻСˡҲûϵǴ𣬱ϾҲǱԼŮѳԮõġ
ǮڿЦͻȻָоЩ񲢲ΪǮֻҪϹʲôȴһͷˮˡ
ŵҧܣѾˣ𲻴Ӧ¡
ҲǱǣߣʵЩͣʵЩ̫ˣ̵͵⣬˫˿ŮȣǺټģһ°߱İ˿СŲżһֻʲôĸоأ
ҧҧ˵ǾͲϱݣǰķܿ˰ɡ
㡣ŵһνı飬ͷ̲衣ҸҪ˵Ȼһͷȥ֪ҽźʱЬӣСɿɰİ˿СŴӶֱ쵽ҵ֮䣬ſӣز
˲סͷȥıȽƫҲûʲôˡҪͣȴڹϣô󵨵Ϊй̼ġ
ŵûһ˫ܣ̲裬˭Ҳ벻ɰСȴ棬Լİ˿СŲҵļϣʱ꣬ʱ㣬ʱֺŪˬĸоֱҪ
ұܵʱͻȻеһŤͷȥֻԶһʮŮԱͨ죬۾һĿǡȻƼСȴûţŤͷæͷʰӡ
С㳤İ׾Ư֪ΪΣƼ߳һĻǵûнţоʮֵĴ̼ǹƵģȥץסŵİ˿СţСͨ죬תذ̨ȥˡ
˫ش̼£ҺܿͲˡܾôڿæ˵ˣǻȥɡ
ŵ˿С˻ȥЬߡҸٳʱ̲סͷһۣλСſһŮԱĶС˵ʲôײһ죬ҵĽתһԡ
1.10
ŰŵصʱվŰȹ£ϸŮ˿ȣгڴ֮Ȳʵʲôѽ
ŵӼж£ڲ輸ϣ˫ָ߾٣˸ʵҪʲôأ
ֱϴûϷˡ˫ֱأһ£Ŵɫ˿ŮȣٺЦǴ̼һġ
СħŮô࣬϶һ̼Ļġ
̼һ㣿ŵСԴ˼Ƭ̣Ȼ˵ɫݰɡ
ɫݣһ㶣ое˼Цʵ˭
ŵ˵Լ
أ
ãС
㡭˭
Сã
ͨһҲ˵ʲôоһ˿ǣѾͷ֪иãõֶãǼ˽Ĺѽ
ɹ黳ɣȷʵ̼ģǱŰɫ࣬ҵļ㽻ǻ桭ֱ̫ˣֻ룬ҵͷƤһķ飬̣̲סֽס
СħŮ˹̧ͷ涢ңٿЦˣ
һãˣǲǺ˷ܣ
˵˷Ǽٵģ¶ô˼ء
ĵƽ飬΢ЦŶ˵Ǻ˷ܣҪǼװҵãҾͿԺ޹˼ɵҵˡ
ŵգ۾ʵг𣿡
û𣬾̫ˡʱĺڴϣݺһ١
ŵҡӣһЦڴϣֻһ٣ɵģ
˵ǿ·
ôһ˻棬ҽѹڴϣĿַ֮£·˺÷顣

ٴֽ̧סСħŮЦˣǲǺܴ̼
ֱǣűˣεЦ㡣㲻üװãҽ㡣
ŵЦͷҵļϣĵʵ磬棬ôô棬òã
Ȼͬ˵Ȼмƣҵࡺ须ҵĽƿ˵ЦЦ㿪
ٰĸ룬Բ˵Щġ
ô֪ģֲǱСħŮٶȴǰסҵĸ첲˵ʵһֱϲġĺϲϲģġ
ЩƻĵĻͺǱҶߵһ㣬ֻỴ̂ڣ̧ͷ˰㣬ҡΣͷĿѣһʱ侹ֲ嵽λʵ
ŵĿͣûзӦյøˣʵ磬벻˯
ҿڸ죬û˵
СҵĶߣ磬ذʵ磬벻H磬˵ѽ벻
ҸоͲܿƵԼſڡ롻ּѿڶʱƿһˣ
ŵһģȻɵ˵ϣСڸ첲ϣһվһԣƬ̣һЩˣǰȥԣһ£ɰ֪Ǽװġ
ûа㷴ӦҸɴץĸ첲͵һᣬװˣϽ
СħŮקڵϣһֵĿңΡΡ˵磬ʲôѽãòԵġ
֪Ǽװģ̲ס֮ģֻܵŵС޹Ĵ۾Ͱ͵ĿңǾʧӸǼװġ
һɱ㷴Ӧ˹ԭ˵Ľɫݣô淨ѽ̼Ǵ̼ǣɸǲе̫ǿˡ
Ȼôţȴ߬ס󣬲Ϸſϡһʹ磬ץҺѽ~ 
㡭ץ󣬿һʧı飬Īһ˿а
磬治ŵʼŤӣӣδʹȫװģƬ֮ίͰ͵Ŀң磬ãĲǸġҡҰ㣬òãֻҪǸҿ԰㡣
ҸоԼЩҲűȴıݣ㡭ôң
СħŮҧ´ˮĴ۾ʵá֣𣿡
֪ϷǱ뵽֮У·ǰŮԼãҵȿʼֹɣͣʿˮͬʱӰԺļ䣬»صҵ
ŵûзӦΡΡ첲ַҵĿ䣬̧ͷһۣҧҧ촽Ȼ˽ȥڿ㣬۰СץһӲڶһ£漴˳ڿԵ˽
ϸ۵СֽŴڻֱˬұһֱһƺߣۼһ𤻬֭Һ
˰С߬żӲʼߣԵЩɬۣСͨ죬˫ۣëӼȾߣȫûյ֮䣬ǱڸһԼãҵļ͸ӼӲˣﲻͣط
ƲǺҵ˵˾䣺ﴲȥ
ŵվС־ôһֱҵĿһصڴߣ۶
һ߳СִĿУһߴŰȹµİɫ˿࣬ӡ񱱱ֻڳ֮ǰɫͯ࣬ѧ֮Ҳûôˡұ۾̲סʼڴűӣֲİϸŮ˿ϣḧţϸ΢ɳɳ¼ֱˬ˼㡣
˳Ű˿ĨȥֱŮصǵشŵһ˵ﲻеġ
ôаұ۾Ŵ֪ʡ
ǡǡѹһ㣬ɬ˵ĵط
СħŮǽ͸һ룬һһһһ޲ڡ
֪ڹϷң̲סʵΪʲôѽֻһ¶ѣֲġ
ǡ˵ĵطܸġ
һģֻһ±Ĵȣĵطһ˵һĴڲظţ˿µ˰״⣬ࡢⵯֱ˰֡
ǡֻȣܡѽ㡭˵㻰ŵ۾һߵĿҡ
˵ʱҽƣƸĴֻĴȺ˿ڿ㶼ܸоŮ͹ۡ
磬ÿĵطġСħŮŤ
ѾȫϷˣȹĴסظţŴһ£ñøһ¡㶼˸ĵطˣһĲŹƽѽ
ƽƽ˵㻰ڴߣڴߵ˿С߶ţﶼ˿ǻСȻҵĿżʵ۶š
ȻˬѾڴˣһѽСק˳Ƶ˴ϣŷϴƽ̹Сϣͷ
ŵڴϣĵСǾ֣۲ӯȻ΢ʵ磬㡭ʲôѽ
㱼䣬ѾֲǸŹֵСħŮǻɰıˣȥӣġģһŮһ̡
촽룬ֻ˫Ŀգë΢΢ʶһӣ̬Ȼɡ
Ŀԣ໥ŴƬ֮󣬺Ȼһˣվ˴ߣ˿СţֱӽĽƷϣһ֮лһ˿΢ᣬټһƤζֱƢΣĴ̼
ѾȫſңֻҰһ㣬ͷСħŮİ˿ġ͸İɫ˿࣬Ө۵׼ϡɼֹ֮£Ůèצչ͸ֺ£ϸɰָȻûͿͣȴӫⷢ
ĿԽ⣬ֻСħŮɣճ죬ҧָңǽ߿СģǱ
һ뵽ãĿɿ˫֣⿪ͬڿһȻٶץİ˿СţһγһѨ͵Ĺͷһ˿Ѩ˿ֱףˬһ
ŵѽһϰҪҡ
磬ʲôѽöѽ
øһ£һ¾ͺˡ
ӲĽѨسţɫ˿ĦźͮͮĹͷɳɳ졣ϴεСŲͬŰɫ˿СѾӵĹ⻬˳۽ĺϲһŮѨһ㣬УһϮ˵⡣
磬ûУ
ϣϾͺˡ
Ƭ̡
磬㵽׺ûаŮңѽĴ˿ǻ
ˣˣϾͺáô˵Ҳôķй
ұĿ֮ʱȻһϸ΢ĳ̧ȥֻŵСתһԣҧʳָᣬǼͨ죬һһµ΢΢š
ۼ˾ҵһ˿θУһ˿֮飬ƽʱΪ϶ϷֻݼЩ̫ˡ
֮ģȡ֮ǸǿҵҽӰ˿См˳߬סһѽקվڴߣкᣬĿңЩãȻЩ޹ȥףһ࣬
磬ʲôѽ
·ˣø翴һС̡
ŵ˫ֱأۣܵ˵ҲҪ
ѾȫϷвСŮĹ򣬰Ȱв˵ñø翴һ£һ£òãҪǲø翴硭H˰
ŵͷţԥ˺ðҲжͷϸ£ԹԵģԼ·ˡȻԼ˰
Ө˳Ű覵ջŮĬãŲ鲻Ըίѵ˷ۺɫףȻץסԵ·沢ûд֣һɰİɫСģǰŵùĹĵġ
ŵûмٶȽֱǰкᣬ͵һһµĳţǼѾͨ죬Ƥ˫βЩңίӣܹκ˵
һѽұƵģһСĵĴӣȻ˻ȥʹһȴȻϼ
ҵȵЩͷˣֽСĵϵԲļͷȻ󽫰۵СִǰƿСû˵»֣¶۰׽顣
ԽԽ˷ܣ߬סСĵ϶ˣǰĿע£һǰʱ˳˼ŮǴһ㣬͵һܵҪڵҴ
ŵ˫ֽǰòŷظ·ӵЩ֪롣
Ů֫ϸҴźͯĽۣظر󣬵ǺԲرãССһƬͭǮСͷʷۺɫ۵ӣˡû뵽ССϸȴôһСӣģְ塣
ҶŮظƬ̣ʶһڿˮ֣ס˷ۺɫСͷŵҷţ屾ܵÿһ£ӾͲһ¡
硭𡭡òãѾ˿⸱ģġĲ֪ǲװġ
ûдŪƬָ֮Ůϣֻ⻬дӲץŸճ¯ķͷƵģֻ壬ֵһָ뵽໬ϸ֮С
~ ء
ŵʼ߬סҵ֣ҪĶԸһŮ飬ַͷḧţЩ
˰ΣŮͷ֪ʱѾȻ鷿ѾЩס
ҽ˫ڰŵļϣѹ΢ķ£ʹ˫ϥأС𣬹۵ҡ
㱼䣬ѾֲǰŵǱˣСѾͷƽʱżģʱҵǰо˫صĿС
ͦѾҪͱյŮߣܵһ㣬ȴץסβ裬ק˻
ŵ۾Ժؿۿعţźһ硭
ŮС죬˵ʱʹͲһ¡ٶȺƭ纬һ¡ͺһ¡
磬òãոա˵õġ
ĲпʼӲģвոǸոգڸܲˣҪ纬ҪH˰
ŵңʵĳƬ̣ſС죬ǰ촽һͷ˻ȥôؼ֮󣬽ͷתһԣ
֪ΪΣҾȻһ˿Ű֮ģСԴ£СѾͷ˼ίԿƬ̣¶Ƶģ캬סȴ˳ղס
ۼӲһһصĽŮǻ֮Уʪů棬ˬҲгѾǵڶν밲ŵСˣϴҿڽϣˬȴǲ鲻ԸίǱвȵĳֻ콫ͣݲʱвʵЩܡ
ɬĸоɵ˫ץס˫βնһ㣬СԴͦŮӣ֮зѣ󡻵
϶µȥֻƽսթСħŮʱƿţһ˫Ŀ̧дί߳ܡԽԽ̴мͷǻͷҲʣ˼⡣
СħŮȻװȴɴڣŹͷʣа㣬ֻô£оҪˡ
Ҳôݲݵ͵ؽ˳߶ʮһһѽƷ˴ϣ˫ɫȹڣץסɵףָ׹һСڣȻһ˺ŽɫŮڿǵһԡ
ֻŮ͹𣬰履⻬Щǳɫĳëϡϡ裬һ۷죬Ѩգ³ƵǳɫСޣѹһ𣬲κη϶Ѩ·һɫСУǳǳ壬ɷǿɰСɵľѨ
ҼѨʪ壬ѾͷȻ顣Ǽȷȣʲôģ˵ͦǰͷѨڣĹĵıһһխǻ֮С
СħŮһϸʣüͷ壬𣬲мС¹һ㣬һʱ侹Ȼû˶
û˿ͷ⣬һͱףֱײѨۻ֮ϣֻѨڴеأǻƴѹ
ˬ֮˲ϯȫҧгݣ﷢˿˿֮ͬʱҵһɻ󣬷ƺײһĤ
ŮĤѵСħŮǴŮ
ѽֶ쳣죬ȫǸݺС꾫ôܱŴ֮
ǣСѾͷ˫Ŀաüҧгݡͨ죬˫߬Ŵӯֺϵˣȫһʹൽ˼ӣôҲǼװѽ
˫ַϸ𣬵ͷȥֻСѨûһ˿϶⼸ŵ͸͸źӫ㣬𤻬壬ȴʺ
Ҿ˵СħŮôǴŮء
û˼ɣҽһ㣬СѾͷôſǻһ硭~ 
ҷֲۣϷѨеȴѾ㹻ʪ壬ҲûаֵĳأֱҪʶƵġ
ͣϢƬ̣ͱխѨǻýģһһţҲ֮ʢɫ滺֮ҧѽӲ飬Ůüͷ壬ֻСץŴټšһ𣬽ҧأ˵˾䣺~ 
ûӲͷƤͳ˳Ѩ۴ʵ̫խӣɫ⡣⾥ȫ뿪СѨֻͷʱҾȵķ֣״ﾹ˿˿ѪգǿڿҲȾ졣
Ǿ֣û뵽СѾͷȻǸŮвɵһǸȻ̧ͷȥֻϹۣҧ´üͷ壬Ŀңίп
ۡ˰ɣһʱҾȻ֪˵Щʲôˣȷࡣ
ŵȻʶѾܣеίر˲һЩŭСתһԣҲһҪĨȥϵ飬ȴǿĽҵִһԣȻ۽Ȼ飬ȴû˳֮
֪ΪΣ֪ǴŮҾȻЩģټ⸱ǿСģЩ
й½ƴԲæңͷѨڣſؿϣסͷʱ˱ʱͬʱ쵽Ůģס۵٣ꡣ
أŮĺﴫ˼ٵᴭŹͷѨҲŢ֬Ⱥ桢壬ȻŮѾ顣
Ҽʱ죬һ˫ָϥǣһͦյѨǻ¶Ѩ
~ СѾͷһϸֲۡķˡ
ҿʼСѨŮײ»ζСתһԣʳָʱĳ̴ٽߣ
ͷḧһ£ʵ𣿡
ŵûлشԥƬ̣ص˵ͷ
ĸ㲻ףһŮΪʲôҪѾĹ
벻ףȴʢ̲ס˫ֳŮİ˿ȣڼϣһһ߼ӿ˳
ššš
أŮſС죬HĽѨǻΣϱҲƷǰʹࡣ
ò˵СħŮѨǽЩ֣ҪǼ㹻Ӳʹ˳̵Ҳδؼý
ҿĲ֪ϵر֮ʱƼмеİ̺ۣץһƣǰ̺͹أڰۻļϺţкˣһ˵Ĳᡣ
ҴסˣԼ֮µЩ̺۵ŵȻûԤϵһץѣЩңƴҪ²ء
û˵Ҳû˵ǻ࿴ŶԷСѨȻѾͦȴ˳HŪҲ֪׾ʲôʧӣȴʵ
Ƭ̣ҿʼٶȳֻҪ࣬ࡣ
ڽѾ֮ʱֻұܵĴӶڴϵĿͳֻһƺ룬ȻǱģһ顣
ڲż٣ѧУءʱҴ绰ʲô
˰ŵһۣԥƬ̣ͨ˵绰
ι
񾭲ءЦʵ
õѹµСħŮȻЩҵĸоСѨһ̲סһ塣
ҡûʲôʲôأ
¸ڶգһزȥˣϸ˸ӦþҪ͵ˣǵòѽ
ʲôѽһʣһ߿ʼHŪµСħŮоͬԼһ㡣
㣬յ˾֪ˡϲ
𣿡ԽHԽ죬СħŮײػζҧָüͷƴѹŽ֮
˵ˣ㵽ʱ֪ˣݰݡ
ͷϣЩ᲻Ҷϵ绰æֹһ£
ҪʲôЩɻ
ҡҡܾûˣ״ε˵š֪ö£ϻϵĿжʵ̫̼ˣѾЩͷתˡ
ҵ㷢ʲôأ
㡭㺰һ硣
ʲôѽȻЩãȻ
ˣ㺰ͺ
ԥƬ̣Ằһ硣
Ҹо˷ܵ˶㣬ƴײŽխŮСѨѾȫСѾͷŸոտŵײˣһʹƺɻʵڸʲôѽ
ҡæͣѨڣţˬЩ˵ˡ
ǲǸһ𰡣

̬ѽһҶֻȻʶʲôȴ˸Ķ
ҶֻµСħŮңĪ˾䣺¸ڶ
ǰôˣ
Ҳǡ
ʲôʲô
ҵգҲ¸ڶ
һ㶣ɵЦôɣȻͬһգ
գˮӯӯĴ۾ҡƬ֮󣬲ʵҪһ𣿡
ұĻͷתģĶҽУЦȻͬһգǾ͵໥˰ɡ
ŵû˵Ŀң֪СԹﵽЩʲôĬƬ̣̽ԵʵҪ𣿡
㡣
ûдСѨֱӽ˸ȻϸСһᣬ˿ȹڴϣڳơ
ҽַڱɫ˿ŵСƨϣ̰ĸţģȻ㿪ʼ֫HŪ
ŵôңΪʲôѽһHһ̲סʵ
Ů̵ͦİ˿СƨɣС˫ֱӱײһǰһĻζģûлش
òǡϲҰɣ
ûлشֻСȴס﷢ٵĴϢѨһһģȻ˸о
ʵѾЩͦסˣŮİ˿ΣһͦŮײذڶһͱѨ⣬һɹɵŨӿ
~ š
ŵСֱһѨǻһΣӲ˺þòƵſ˴ϡ
ŮѨãƣس˳Ũ׾ҺĴŮѪ˿˳ԲԲĽխѨ˳Ѩϡɼһһľš
ЩͷˣǰһѪŮ˭ѽ

ڶƽҹҵա
֮󣬰ŵʲôҲû˵ֻҴ·ˡȻҾЩԲҲ֪˵Щʲô
ŵ˵ϰĿͻҲۼһ֣ǸŮ˵ƽʱûԮѲɣֻǰ˴ɻڽ㽻ҶԽԽˣֲȥϰ֡
˸٣ڼ׼硣ҷѧؼҵʱζѾ˲ҶҰԵġϰֻȥһյ⣬Ȼд״Ԫڣˡ⻹Ҫ˽ҪμӸ߿տûôų
ϰֽ룬ͳҪֻˣóһۣûнӣֱӹҶˣȻȼ
˿ĵơ֮Уҡҷϰ֣տ֣ĬĬԸȻһ
ƹ´򿪣ĸҵͷȰ΢Цӣ˽죬ʮˣѾǳˣӦö˰ɡ
Ҷ£Һܶ¡ҵͷ
ǰƢãǴ㣬ӽ豣֤Ҳˡ
踧ҵͷ˵
ȴܵһ䣺ˣʮ꣬ͻȻˣе㲻ϰѽ
㡭̧Ƭ̣Ц˵豣֤򡣵ǣѾǳˣӦ֪ʲôǸģʲôǲġӽ쿪ʼҪһѧϰϣûУ
ˣˡҵȻ֪軰лҲˣǰŮ˱Ͼҵ裬øһҲܸҷϵġȻ֪ܣαִء
֪ӹԡοĸҵͷ
˵ˣְ˵ɡСϰָտڣֻˣһۣûӡ
ɻʵ˭ĵ绰ѽ
绰յġϰЦЦȻ˵СӽԺͲкˡ
ҪŮˣ
ƶ죡ҵ˼ǣӽˡʲôˣ֪𣿡
룬Ц˵̡
ϰɤӣһ˵ˣΡˣǡ
ˡ졣
˭ѽôᡣ
߹ȥ򿪴ţȵķ֣СħŮŵȻվڴ⣬һһ飬ͷңǸոձ˴Ŵ۾ޱĿҡ
һʵôˣ
û˵ôֱĿҡ
ʵ˭ˣ
ôӦȥŵֽƿ˽ȥæתֹȴѾߵ˿վŲ
һãȻɻĿ
ϰֻҵվΡΡ˾䣺㡭ôˣ
ŵҧ´Ȧһ죬һ֡
1.11
һ֣ڳ˶ˡ
ãϰɫɷףһļž
ҵֱѾͷǰҰĹģ˶ˣܵƹˡҪ֪ҸĹϵ군ˡ
ãǰȥקק½ǣʲôأ
֣ϽߣϽߡ
ŵתͷӵĺһ硣
ͫ˲ŴһĿҡҸæߵɫѾˣҲ磡
ûңǰһ˵ϰֵĻ˫§סź~ 
ϰַֽļϣҪƿЩãȻ֪ĽڰգƬ̲Ťͷ衣
ʵô¶˭ѽ
ǡǡϰֵķǳ͵˵һˡ
ҲЩԾˣѾͷǳġϸ룬ϽǰסҪקϰֽΧһ߲ͣǡϴڹݺҵǸŮ
ŵ§ϰ֣ôɿŤͷ裬к˵ҽŵҰְ躣Ρ
һðŻعζֻϰɫ԰ף촽סĲţͷ亹ֱðٿ裬ҧǣɫͨ죬ݺݵصϰ֣ؾȻǷŭ˼㡣
㡭ǡϰֱ鼫ŤЦһ£ȴһ
˭ѽһ
ǡ
һϵ걭ˤ˵ϣ㵱һء˫Ŀͨصϰ֣ŰΣŭĳȥҪץסŭһң
ŵøϽ˻ȥصңۡһݺݽˤϡ
ϰʱŷӦֽŵ˿һ𱸵ı飬ʵôˣҲ˵ˣʲô¶ȥ㡣
ŵ۽ί˵ǴҡҡҵգҴֻ㲻ӡ
㡭ϰָüͷ壬һĳݡ
ǵĶԻҵֱ죬СħŮȻϰֵŮ
ͬĸˡ
~ Ҳҵ˴ĴŮ
һҵԴϡ
Ѿ֪ݴʱˣֻȷɣֱ̫Ĵ̼ˡ
ϰּ죬ֹ˵˾䣺¡Ȼߵǰţȴŭҹ
ϰվڷ⣬ƶţ˵ʲôŵһӣۺףͷң۽ǺᣬչۡвɣСѾͷôᱻ˴ˣ˭ģ
Ҳ˵ʲô̬ȣֳֽ˵˾䣺ɡ
ŵӹֽûвᣬ΢΢һЦлл磬á
üͷһ壬ʵ֪磿
ŵɵĵ˵ͷ
ôң
Ҹ˰
ʲôʱ򣿡
ϴڹ԰ұǸͷŵʱ˵Ҹ˰
㡭һʱȷʵ˵ĸ磬ΪֻҸƣѹûⷽ롣
ͬʱһγɣӵëȻҴյǰʣȻ֪磬ΪʲôҪң
ûйѽǿҵġ
ʲô
ŵߵһЦǿҵġƵ뿴һ𣿡
ԣˡһ˵ϵˣ
㵽ʲôҧʵ
Ҳʲôŵ΢΢һЦ漴§סҵĸ첲ڼϣʵ磬㻹𣿡
ҵģġĶأհһƬ޷˼ˡ
ҰŵָԼٺЦ
㣿
ǰ͸һã㲻𣿡
ҡ
磬ϲϲң
ʲô˼Ҫƿ첲ȴӲ̧
ϲϲϲϲŵҵϣҡš
֣һ㶼ϲ㣡Ҳ֪ҪʲôԲһٶĵóѡ
ŵΪյҵĶߣʵš磬ϲϲ˯
ŮϢȵϢҵĶߣӶˡѾ֪Ӧ˵ЩʲôˣҵãԾǸСħŮǴħ
ϲϲŵ§ĸˣ׷ţԺ󣬻벻Hˣ磬˵
㵽ʲôѽ
ڴʱϰֻص˿ۼ˾һ㶣ʵʲôǣ
ŵɿ˫֣СԴҸҸء
ϰֵһۣû¶ȥ
ϰ˵Щʲôȴֲ֪οڣ˰ŵһۣˡ֪ƿߣŰӭ˹Ĵ磬ȻҪߡ
ϰæǰס裬İƣ˵ҽͣвС
ÿʲôͰʲôý͵ѽȻûᣬͨ죬ɢŭֻĶ
ǡǸô˵أ㡭šȰѰ£͡ϰüͷ빪ӣֱ΢˼㣬͹ûйˡ
ÿ
ϰקĸ첲ǲá
֡
ţ˵һ䣬һ䣬вУ
Ҳ֡ɱĵϰ֣ɲɣ
ϰȻǱƸסˣԥԥɿ֡ͷҲص߳˼šϰֳҰڰ֣ʾҸ裬ҹ˲û·˼׾׷ȥ
ߵ¥ͣλ򿪳˽ȥҽ˸ʻλϣؿһۣû˵
Ҳ
ûм˵Ҳû̷棬ڼʻλϣؿǰ
һԣĵעںڳûȴĺ룬Ұ׸¡ɫѩȹɫ˿࣬ɫͷϸ߸ЬһŮд硣
ò˵ǸΪעŮˣʢŭ֮£Ŷɶׯࡣ
ͻȻһŮӣ˵ϰֵŮŮԣҲ޷ܵġҪ֪ŮԼĶӷ˹ϵƾҪԭرըˡ
ϰЦǿ̫ˡԼıӡ
ԼԴ¾ģ¶һ֪
һۣʵأ
ҹ򶨣üϰҲ̫Ƕˣôܸɳ¶ء
໰
ߵķʵ
㲻ܡϾ֡
ǡҰ֡ô˸ӣȻʮꡣ˵ѽ治֪ô˵ˡ߶䣬תЦȰο裬Ҳ̫ˣ¶ɣӦ飬мʲôᡣҾӦҰֽһ¡밡ǰʱҲˣҰ˰ɡýıġ
ʲôѽңŮֵʱַ𣿡
š⵹ûСҾš
һûأתӣңŮǲʶˣ
ҡʶҲʶ֨֨ص˵ˣǰʱҲǱɹɫͽɳˣ˵ǱݺģšǸŮݺġ
𣿡
ûУҼϣҲҽûС
۾ɵңô찡
֮ǰȷʵǼ档ЩŤ󣬵Ͼ˵ұ֤ҾԲ֪ҰֵĹϵ
תӣ̾˿˵ȥɡ
ҲȥôܶأѾʮˣѾкˣˡܸεġ
㸺ʲôѽ
չѽҰڳһ˵ļƣӣһ˳ţҲġҪһһһ벻ͨһȥˣôѽ
üͷһ壺Ҹǰܲܰ㡣
Ұұ֤
̾˿ʻСһԣûҪȥΪ֪ذҲûʲôطȥġ
·ϣذͨ˸绰˵Ҫס죬ذ˵û⡣ƣҪסһˡ
֮󣬿ŵ½֪ܲһһҺЩȡذһۣû˵ʲô
һˮذһңʲôͲö֪ˡ½ק˿ɳϣһԵʵô°ֳָˣǰܣҳô豻ϳˣ
¶ô˵أͷͻȻʶұԼŮȥԮãȷʵеˡû뵽ԮľȻԼͬĸã⡭ܡҲߡǱӦɣ
ôѽ½Եëˣֻ۾ҪŹˡ
ҡܶ˸á
ʲô˼½һʱûзӦ˸ã
˸ãǡһʱ֪ôͣͷƤӳѪˣѹ˵Ұֿܡ͵͵˸ӡ
½ȵŴͣ۾ֱؿңƺЩš
㻹ǵ쿴ӰʱһֱҵǸŮ𣿡
ǵð½ͷͻȻ۾Ȼ

ѽ~ ½˫סС죬ð˵ѹܲ㣬ԭĿĵѽ
ǰĿķǳĲɸˡҶ½֪ѾǸҰ÷ϵˡ
ذСʱŴذ̶½˵ȥ鷿˯Сɣø˯
Ŷ½ɵĵ˵ͷһۣʵǡС˯Ķ
ʲôذЩͷת˵ڿɳϽһϣѧͻؼҰɡ
æʣأ
ذ˵赱ȻҪǼסһӰ
ҸϽ˵ҲȥĶҾĶ
~ ذЦˣ벻ѽÿҪѽôţ
Ƴһۣ˵ؼסɣﲻ㣬ѧϰ
ҲģĶҾĶ
ذ̺ߵӣŴ˯ݰ
ʶĳ½˹ȥʶԣһƨɳϣҾ˯ɳϣͦõġ
Щˣ⺢ӣôôѽ
ҸɴɳϣˣҲߣ˵ʲôߣůļҡ
ذ̺ߵһ㻹Ǽˡã˯ɡҿɾѽҪҲʵҿɶ㲻ѽ
ָ֪½Ц˵Сûҿұ֤Һʵرʵ
ذ̸Ҹͷһëҽ˯ɳеխ˯ȷʵ̫ĴæҲûϴƷ˯˯㣬һ˯ͦġ
ڶѧһ˼ңϰûڣСħŮҲûڣʰЩͻ½ȥˡ
ļ죬ذ̵ȰⰲοȶʱͻȻ֮佫Ķˤȥ
Ԫʱ򱱱żٻΪ˲Ӱѧϰŵʱţûиֻ˵ϰ賳ܣıȽ־һʱ䡣ƽʱֱŤѾϰˣҲûлɣ鷿½һϣڶͻѧУȥˡ
Ԫںĵڶ죬½һͬѧߣ֪ճУţͼֶվһ὿εϤӰСħŮŵĴѧУУһ»ûϳ
Щһֱⲻȥһ棬ﲻɵһ𣬵ͷߡһ룬ҸҪأҵġ뵽תֳУţϸһ룬Ͼ˼ҵĴŮһѪռˡҵãҪ֪ˣⱲӾˣ
ؼǣ˵ƵҵʱǼϷӣֱǿ鷸ҪƵ͵ƺҲϴˡ
ҵͷߡ
½еɣЦõʵػصģ׸ʲôأĥأ
סˣֶָָ档½˳ָķȥһУİŵվ·ߣСԴǡɵһ㶣ȵʵǸǸǸã
εĵ˵ͷ
Ѿʲô
ЦЦô֪
ôѽ
ǰôѽҪ֪ô죬ôػص
̾˿Ȼ鷳ˣǾһ԰ɡ˵ţֿסĸ첲ϽһڣǷѾͷӦûһЩɡ
½붼û룬ѿһߣбؿңǼҵ¶ʲôϵͬĸãֲá
˿Ҫǽˣͳˡ
½Сһ᲻飬Ҫ˵ء˵İ
Ƕģôء
㶺棬ҿЦˣԼȥɣҿɲԸ
˵ţתҪߣһץסüһĳݣҡһˣ¡
½ЦһСѾͷƬӣƻûء㺦ʲôѽ
ɲһѾͷƬӡô˵أҪǸһô
½бؿң⻰ʲô˼
æĿڣ˵㵥
½ߵһǴΪҲ֪
ôҲôƶˡôõĴʶôζˡ
н߳īߺڣǸѧġˣˣ˼ҵˡ½ҪߣȻʲôת˵ˣҴ绰˵ҹ࣬ˣ蹫˾Ӧ꣬ƵԼȻˣԼ취ҾͲ˰
ҿЦ㻹ǲŮ˰
ޱͬ񣬴ͷԷɡ~ ~ ½˻֣תȥ
ε̾˿˵Ҫģ˵ˣǸСѾͷƬʲôµġ
һӲͷƤ˹ȥ˫ֲ嶵վǰװһηӣޱʵʲô
СѾͷŵβ˫ϴŰɫ˶ЬڰվţǳĹɿɰϵѾˣһЦ磬ˡ
ŮЦ񻨶һ崺硣֪Ц󣬿϶ŲΪ֪Ŀı
û˵ֿסҵĸ첲Ц˵磬뿴Ӱȥòã
һ˵ӰڵӰԺĳӷȣȴһķƵһߣü㵽Ҫʲôѽ
ʲôѽŵСԴ΢ЦҾԼ㿴Ӱ㲻ȥ𣿡
ҹϾܾҲȥ
šСѾͷƬ̣˵һԶɣ͡
ʣ
Ǻðɡŵɵĵ˵ͷôô˵ʱȻ˾䣺ͷҰƵ衣ˡ
𣡡ҸϽץס󣬽ק˻˵Էȥ
ðŵ§ҵĸ첲ҵϣСʵ磬ʲô
ͺã⡣˵꣬ҳ̾˿ֻѸСҲ֪Ҫʲôôѱץ°뱲ӹҪˡ
˸ڽֵĿ꣬ոչڵԵʣ˲࣬˸λĵԱߵɳϡ
ҺȻţ˸Ƶģɵͬʹһ㡣ǸСħȥأ
òͺ󣬰ŵ˫ַڲϣŴ۾ĿҡұƵĻڣɤӣʵ㡭סĶ
լȥѽ
ǡҡ۰̸ô
ͦõѽ
Ŷͦõİ
һεĳĬٶȿڣ⣬Ⱑ
ʰɡСѾͷͷ˿Ȳ衣
㡭أ
ˡ
Ͳµˣôɴ࣬Щʼδ
ǡ㡭ְأǡԭǸְ֡
Ҳˡ
ƽȴȥȻڵţһİ̺ȴҵԺ֡ԼܲµЩ̺ôģ֮ͬȻҪοοȴ־еʡװˣôҲ˿ڡ
ŶġǡЩ㶼Ǹһ𣿡
š
ô֪֪֯һԣʵô֪Ұװֵģ̸ģ
һţҹʮٲ𿪡ûĻȥͰˡСѾͷƽ
һţô˵ģ˵ԭǸְֲװְ֣Ұֲװ֣
ǵİϾô˵ġ
ô֪ģ
СѾͷһЦҪȥˣҲ֪
ãҭ˵ˡ
ʱԱʳĶһϷ⣬һ̲ס׷ʣȥҰ֣˵Ůˣ
ŵͷ˵һʼҲţȫˣѧ֤ȷʵŮ
Ȼ֪ʲôϵΪʲôҪҪأ
СѾͷǰ㣬΢Ц˵ǿҵġ
ҡҼֱץˣһЦúúãԺ󶼲¶ˣòã
ʲô¶𣿡
ҸҪ˵״ȻһͷһƣѾͷȻְЬѵˣѩԲСѾϴǳɫߵĴ޴࣬ÿܣҵСزš
вУã
ҵĿ֮ʱѾѾ˳ҵȣʵ˴ȸĽٴβ˿м䣬ֺĲŪš
СħŮǸСħŮֻԻˡ
ҵһ˿ͲҲûע⵽ҲҽСƿֳʲô۶ôţͺܿͱӲ
ϵѾҪˣȫû˼ԡŵһƬҵе˵磬ѽ
ҷһ˵вУô˵Ҳ磬׸硣
֪ǲ仰ŴСѾҵĿ˻ȥҳһڣζӳ£Žζͬ
磬ǲңŵȻʵ
Ҳ㡣ҿɥ˵㡣
ʲôѽѵŪò𣿡ŵȦ˸˸ߣĶ
ҿҪˣ˵ˣвУ磬ãңҽҪ߿ˣһӵĴ£вУ
ʲôȵȸ߿˵вУ
䣬ŵеĿӵ˵ϣ굽ȥҸ˵Աһ˫ˣ֪ȴ굽ҵ档
һûӦѾҵĿڿ㣬ſſ˳
һŻŵ¹ƣȻͷʲôѽ
ŵһغһżͣ±Ѫˡ
ҴˣҴˣŵ磬в˿~ Ŷ~ 
ͷȻ뵽һůʪխСǻ۵ڹͷһһµšְֱͷϣҪƿ֪ͷһۣҧһ¡
Ҳˣֻףͷϣˣо˼㣬ҪҵãǸöá
Ρˬ֮ǻšһϺȻ˵Ҹæǰ㣬ؿѹڲԵڵգۼ䣬һλŮʿһߴŵ绰һߴ߹˵Ҳɣ۽䳯һ£ɵһ
ε˼㣬Ŀ׽װԱû˴ڡ
Ůʿһ죬첽߿ͻȻЩ죬ϸһ룬ŮԱαŵϷζƼǡԵ
ں˼֮ʱѾ˶㣬ұ׼侫ʱȴС˳ƣ˻ȥ
ұòϲ£ʵЩ󣬵Ѿ֪ĹϵȲ˼Ҳǿֻܾôڰɽϣżϻ
ȷʵСѾͷģ뿪ȥӰѾڵĹǺˣʵûˣధħơ
ȥ·ϣҵֹһŰŵΪһĥŻȥ֮½йй
~ 
1.12
ŵĲϲ£Ҫˡ
ҼҴҵذ̼ϣߵСſʱͻȻ½ǰңסҵʱ䣬ֶֹţϴ붼Ҫġ
½ȻûɶƢԸȴִֵĺܣ£ʮͷţҪæк𣬿е鷳ˡ
վСſĥһƼԱߵı꣬ͻȻһ⡣
ȻĲУӲֿܣǲԡǰ;ż͵͵ơƣľ̫ơ¶ǾЩκˣټȥӦ꣬ذֵҹֱ࣬͵
뵽ת˱꣬ơƣӼ¾ʳ˵ʱԱڽӰ࣬һȦģǸոտ޹
Ұǫ̛һţһۣ˵δ겻ơ
һæʮˣѾˣ
ʮˣĶʮˣ
ˣԼµɨһ飬ЦõķʵĶʮˣ
ĶʮˣŮԱרҳƵġ
ǣôûɣһͷˮ
Ǹո°ŮԱϽ˻ֳ˳½ǣȻЦŶ˵й涨Ƹδꡣ֤𣿡
һ̯֣Уû
ûû£Сӳģͦģһ͹ʮˡһ˵ţһɨˡ
ҸоеĪŤͷԱһۣͷɥһԵŮѵʧʧ
лȻʧ˰ǹֿģͲƽˡ
ơſڣһװһӣš
Žݣ½ɥЦ˵ôˣ˪һ
ѽ~ ҿ챻ˡҰơʳ輸һӣ̾һڣ̱ɳϡ½Աߣʵô£˵ʲôѽ
Ҵһơƣ½գ۾Ƶʲô˼
˵ҺȾơ
ö˶˵ĺʲôư
ҸԼһơƣü˵ңûţ
ȻҪдҵءʲôȡ
Һڣܡ죬вУװһӣʵѾдӲһˡ
ôѽ㵹˵ѽ½Щˡ
޸һ£ߺȱ˵
½ӹһڣԥƬ̣ߣһڡ
Уͷͺðˡ
һ߽ŵ¸˵һ飬һ߲ͣȰȾơȻСħŮЩû£ǲܸ˵ġͼӴ׵Ľ˰СʱˣơҲްˡۿ½˫糺죬룬ȻЩ΢
Ҽʱˣ߿˿Ľ첲ļϡ
׼ͷȥĲ½Ȼֱӣü㽲ô죬һûиףΪʲôҪѽ
Ķ֪ѽҪ֪ʲôõŷ˵ţǰȥ
԰½ܵĽҵִһߣŤͷʵ͵͵˸Ůżһ⣬ŷʲô
Ұִһ˽ŮƢĵֵ˵һɢˡΪгӣܲһߴ󷢸пһơƣŵߡ
½ܵĺһڣҡͷҾŲᣬӼֵĸͦġ㿴⼸˶ٴΣǲţҲͣʵϻΪ¶ˣǸɴѻ˵ˣһɢֱȥְˡ
ιôһ˽ء
½ģߵһӣ˵ô˵ҲǸŮˣŮ˵˼Ҳ˽ѽ
㻹ŮˣЦĶŮˣëѾͷһ
½תʣĶŮˣ
нһ£ָذ̱һ£أȣƨɡһ̾۾΢б˾䣺ĶŮˡ
½˫ֲͱ˵ʵ˵ĶŮˣҵĶŮˣ
ҿɵúú˵ˡҳûͷǿ죬ȥɵľӼҷ棬ɫСİ΢΢¡Ů飬ջ
½ͷһ£Ҫˣ˳ƽ§ڻſڶߣĵЦǺܾûǸˡ㿴żûˣ硭Ǹһ°ɡ
~ ~ ½ҵţƣͬʱʹں˾ƵԵʣЩ˰쾢ôҲѲԽ§Խ
Hһ°ɡұùܵġҵĶԣŴĲͣ˵š
½һ߰ƣһתҪ뿪κʼղϷ֣ſɳϣҴӺ汧˫ִҸ£ץסŮĽʹ꣬䲪·˽ʵ̵ͦСƨϡ
~ ѹҺܰ½ĲѾˣ䶯Ҳӽ⽥˴Ϣ
ȥԼĿӣҪͷų½Ҳ֪ǶˣˣŤͷϢŶ˵һҪͻȻ㡭ˡ
ſĶŮɢ㣬оѾЩգ޿ˡ˵еԿףȻͻȻҸˣåǴҲɡ
һҪH. ſĶߣ˵˵
ȷſң˵½ûش϶ҪƷȴûгɹ
㱣֤ҪǱ֤Ҿͷſ
ҡұ֤½Ը˵˾䡣
˵㱣֤H. ԾɲģſĶ˵
㡭ᡣ½İѾķˣǲ˵
˵㱣֤H. Ҫǲ˵ҾH˰ҸоԽԽ˷ˣѾ̲סȥĿˡ
½æֹȻŤ˵ұ֤š֤ұ֤H. Խ˵ԽСֱϸšͬʱСɳѩ׵ĲΪɬ˷ۺɫ΢΢Ĳš
ǿŽ͵뷨½һҵԾɲĵ˵Ѿ֤ˣ˵㻰
½һۣ湻åġ
Ҵ֣˵Ҫǲåôϲ𣿡
½ͳɡƶɡ÷þץ
һͻȻСħŮŵ֮࣬һ˿֮顣
ôˣ½ҷ㶣ɻʵ
ҸæͣȻȥĸء
ϻ˯ݣȥĶ
½鷿ߣȻ˸뷨ֽקסٺɵЦ½һͷˮüʵﰡЦô
롭롭֧˰죬˵ڣϾϴ¶Ūʵ̫ˡ
½ƺǲµҵ뷨Сһߺ죬ȥɣҶ·ˡ
ǡ͡һΣһΡ˫ֺʮĵİ
ҾͲҲ㰮½һ仰ת鷿Ҽôȫûлתأֻʧĸ˽ȥ
СĽãת§ס˳ƵСϣؿѹ΢΢¡ظӣıϣ̰˱š
½ңأϢԽԽأ˫Ҳɴ˵ֿҵᱡ
˰죬ʵЩ̲סˣĿȥƲĳë𤻬ʪŮģĴָᰴٰˣָŢۻѨ֮Уʱʱ
ĴϢѹָ߿½˫ְҵؿڣνĵֿ
ŪһӣҪѿӽϷʱ½Ȼʵ㡭Ǹ𣿡
ĸЩɻ
Ǹ~ ½ü˵ǡס
~ һȻȻɴ˵ûС
ûʲô½ԵЩ
ҺＱ˵ûӾûӣһҲ¡˵Ȼҳ
˵û˵õģûײġ½ҡ
ǡô찡üͷ
Ķ֪ҪģԼ취
ǡȥɡ˰ɡ
㰡ˡеȻҪˣһ°
У԰꣬ȥȥ
һ߰һߴ˳ȥһ̵Сſڵı꣬һбס˵ĻǸʧŮԱȻȸղźõ㣬뿴޹ˣϱġ
˿ףֿ˿ң䲻ʵʲô
ʧЦ˸ʲôҪ㱨ѽ
Աɴ۾ҧ˵ССͣʲôǲҪȥŮˣ
˵ǵʧķ˰ɡ
ҲûոЦ˵ҡҸŮѣá
ޣԱŴ˵ʲôãƭ˵ģ˶УУ
ҡҼѹûɽɴЦ˵У˵öԣ˵öԣЩ˶СõģǡǴġ˵㣬ϽҽвУллˣЩиⲻˡ
Աŭĵҡ
ҿధ˺ð죬ǲ˵˵ֲܶʵûޣֻȥˡʱԽżԽǳԲȶ֣ұ꣬ûġ
Ҽתʱ½ĶˣΪǵȵĲͷˣҸϽȥأһ֪ԭˣϷ˯ˡ
ţ˵үء
ҪߣƼֶĽһҳƷۻ̵꣬룬ȱܽܲõϣ˵ɡ
Ҵҵظϣ·½һţ˵˲٣͵ɳ˯ˣȻŷ˷䣬Ҫ˯ˣҪǸҽ鷿ҺԸβһЦı顣
һһأ˰Сʱ½ҵԿ״˴ţĵţûˡСߵסķǰתһűסˡ½˯鷿ǰţһҪţһҪšűһתžȻˡ
һϲѾͷȻ˵ŲҪʵҪġҾҪȥܰô
ģֲָŨҵľƾζ˱Ƕϴ΢¾֦ûпƣƾżһѿӣһ˹ȥ
ǣӲĲˣϴÿһһ⻬ϸԲȣвɵһ֡٣СѾͷ˯˯Ҳѹ˵ҡ
Ҽ˱ף˫ֳ˹ȥڿԱһǣȻͦǰȥͷסѨڣһ۵ѨڣŹͷ˽ȥ
½ֻǷһૣŤŤȴûǺ˾ƵԵʣѨƽʱЩͬ塢ֱ֬۵Ĺ֡ȻѨиɬȱҺ󣬵һͷѻѨףһۻϡ
ˬĳһ֮򷢳һ߽Ľ֮·ҵĶУȴƽؾһ㣬˲ըѡ
̫ϤˣԲ½ģǡġ
Һ˲ʯӲĹڴϣҷֿҵĴϡҵһţһ㣬ȴԾɴŽң䣬Ķ
ͬʱĻѨһһģ˷ϴļѹУذУű׶ظܵڵ⼸ˬУ׿ŵĴŮСѨҪˬ֡
ҴڴڵĴŴֹҶһ£ҷһ֮˹
֪˶ãѨƺӦĴڣ̴ٵĴϢʹ±೤ϸ
۾𽥵Ӧ˷ĺڰҽ΢ĹͷȥһžĽӲһԣɢҵĳסߡԣ˾½ֻŮˣٳֵҹذ̣ʣµֻһֿܡ
ҵѽ~ 
ҸоԼµĺëһļƤСȶӳƵĴתҡҾȻԼ衣
ʱ˿̣ҵһƬհףȫ֪Ǻãڹ˺þúþãҪʹѨ
ƽһ飬侲ķһ¡ֻҪڲ£Ѽͳǽ¶֪֪Լ֪ûͺˡ
뵽ˣοƣؽ롣ȻѨ֬ȱ֭ͬһһͬͬʱ͵һ﷢һ̴١ʹ
ŵ඼ˣæͣѨһ䣬Ƭ֮󣬾Ȼһ˿𤻬ҺĲᣬôһͨڣϢƳ
Ƭ̺ٴؽˣҺ󻬣֮˲٣һһĺ󳷣ÿһ֣Ѩ;Ƶ䶯һ󣬽Ŵ̼֮࣬ˬë׶ֱͷСĴѨа˳Ҳų˿
ڿµ˻ȥס˱۰׵ҾôķǺñȻϢ뿪䣬ҼͽѨ£ͿԵȫûзһ~ 
ǣҼȽŵͬʱҲǰδеĸ߶ȣӲĺҪըһһһģҪӳơ
ɹڴϣʱ͵͵ĳ֪ԼǲܵģԽǰװ۵İ׻ͷѨȴҵһδʧ
֮£ҽİ׻ѨУⲢҵı⣬ȴʵʵڵķġҲҵġһλ᣿
֪ЩΪʲôΪ˸ԼҺɣİõĽ²ѨĺˣǣǴģףǼ治ġ
ǣ͵͵ؿİ׻ѨºҲûзѽңĲᣬ˯úܳոսͲȥҲûѹѽ
˵ˣҴűأֻͽȥҲûֱӽѨѽҲûHѨⲻס
ɺܻȴƴҴߣƴ˵ԼΪ̲סˣҸоԼӹֱ̣Ҫըˡ
һ¡ֻŽȥһ¡ֻŽȥһ¡ֻŽȥһ£ϳ
ղѾȥˣٽȥһ£Ҳνˡ
Ҿܵ˶ħĹƻһ㣬ܿƵָΡΡĽڿ㹴һԣοǰƣȥͷѨŮͯĹۣѨڰݣͷһȥ͸еһСһ㣬˱˽ȥ
ˬĻͷƤһ顣ϵĿС͵ĽŴ̼ԼײУҵĽ֯һ˷ܼʹһ²סزš
ͣЪƬ֮һͷ֬Ѩ⣬¶֮ϣӦþӹˡʮǰҾǴģʮ»ص
ҽѨУӤ»صӹһϲһְ͵ĴȴָűףʵʵڵĸѨ¯ڣԼŵĽ¿С
侲һ֮󣬼˯Ϣ೤ûļ󣬱κ󳷣ͷ˵ѨڴҵǼȵĲᣬţһ£һ¾ͺá
ͷٶȼѨ⣬һ˻ܹ֮ô׵ĲȥΪѨɳڣʵΪ۵˼£һЩҺ󻬣һһ̽סֻг츾ϲᵽˬУ½ͰŵֻëѾͷܱġ
ֱ̫~ 
͸΢⣬ڰ֮ϡɼ¶ļ׵ˣ͸ۻ㷢ڵߵӣ˫Ŀգ糺죬Ըк촽΢΢ſʱ³̴ٵأ۵İ׻ΪĲԵøӱѨڰݣ𤻬ʪ壬Ŀѣ
ֻûƣһ룬Ѿüˣ硭͸һ°ɡ͡һ¡
˽ͷһʹκ󳷣˶ĹͷڰѨ촦Ӳ˲࣬˸ĽǶȣһʣ͡һٶ֬Ѩ֮УͷѨڵŪŰ۹ʪ쳣
ͦٺɣƽ֮͸ɡ
˲伸أİ׻ͷѨѾҺ磬ÿγ嶼ᴫ֮ҲΣֻСʶţˣÿײҲܸܰ۵ķ
ʵ̫ˬˣѾˣǡHһذɣһΣҲûĻˡűף䲻ȥ㲻ס
뵽ˣҸеһĪ˷ܣҴϵȣһĳ塣
šŰ
Ϊҵ΢ײһµĶ̴֮ǰΪ֣ҡĽ⿪۴½֦ǰ׻λε鲨ҡҷʵЩϧ
Ƭ֮Ҿڴˣ̴΢ţ̬ģɵ̰⻬Բ۵ȣڼϣ˳أȻ룬ĳʮ¡
ұ۾һHɣһ߸ſڼͷϸʱȻͷŤ˸򣬷˿ɢҵĸϣ߬סͷüＷһʹĳ
˵ĻˣϽֹͣHɣ˫§ȣ۾ΡΡעϵı仯
š
Ťһӣ˵һϹˮ
ҾһɵĶҴֻڴϲͣŤţ³֮󣬺Ȼ˵һϹϹҪ
貢ûѣھ֮УҲ֪εʲôǽҵϰ֡
šܡϹܡ
ҼĿգüͷ壬ϺķޣһԸС΢΢ſʱᴭʱҧ´һܡҪҪģʵԡ
ض裬ͦ֫һγ鶯轫ϸ߸̧˫Ŀգҧź촽һĳ
ҼӴ˲٣ȴӼǰſϣʼһһʶ
šš
ÿһ£趼ᷢһͬHŪһ֮边Ȼſ˫ȣڰգѨͦҡβֹ
šѽϹϹš
轿ֱֹӣְ۵Ĵڲ࣬ͬʱڰ׻ͷѨڳ岻ֹ
ƽʱϰ赸٤ϰߣӷǳȱȻϵֱһ
Ҳ̲סˣȣʼٳͷѨHķ֭Ľ
šźߡءźߡ
תǧأǳ˫ĿգֻСֵҵؿϣ
ħƵģѾںδݵͦÿÿ׻Ѩͷײӹ⣬Ҫĵһ㡣
ҪҪˡšϹϹҪᡭϹšŰšѽ
ԽԽĳͦŪüͷ壬ҧ´û˰ȡ֮һ̴ٵĴϢ˿ҵɢڽ޶˵ϣԸĵ̬Ұްһ˰ȣͦżڰ׻ͷѨһ壬ײġžž֮
ء~ 
һ֮ĳͻȻƺŽͲǻھγ鴤֭ӿɢɽ
ҲͲסһͱűףͷضŻ⣬Һӿ
2.1
ҴڴڵĴϢţȻѾҺȴɽӲ󣬿־彥Ϯ·һ㣬ȣһƬհס
ȻűףղֱĳHɣȵ࣬ҲһоûеģҪⷿһˣⰸѹò飬ֱӾ͸ˡ
ôأ~ 
ɿ˰ڲֻ֣һ޳ȣز£һ𣬽ҵĿǣŲڴϣ˷·һ㣬ɢҵķ˿Žĵգüͷšһֽ߬ͷԵ촽΢ţ
ڰ֮Уϡɼ۵м䣬ѨֻſһССԲĿһָôխСѨղűҴӲӲǼûиоġ
ҪĻҡ
ôأ~ 
ҹ˫м䣬סͷɰӲ߸𣬼СϣȻѾһΣûеõȫй֮УȸղŸǿˡ
ֽקžһ죬ľҺЩ˦һ
˶Ĺͷɺ͵ģմЩŨ׵ľҺʶ˲ϰ£ŸӦԼļ籩ꡣ
ϣԣϣҲûȥֻҪϾˡҲû֤ݣۣʲô¶ءǰɣ
ԣ͸ϡ
Ҳ֪ⷨӳɲɣѾûа취Ψһİ취ˡ
ĺƽ߬ͷѾɿ޳Ըеǰչɫ˿Сڿµ˻ȥȫڵסİ׻ͷѨ·ʲôҲûһ
֮У𣬷ǴˣǽȥһҲǽȥҲǽɴ࡭ɴһΰɡ
УԲУһλ˵ǲ֪飬ҪٲȥǾ֪治ˡ
ǣʴǵĸоʵ̫ˬˣϻϣָо½СħŮŵ޷ҵġĻԺ϶ǲˡ
һΣһξаɣһξУֻҪһΣԺҲκεķǷ֮ˡ
Ĳٷˡһλ˵֮ʧٲȥˡ
ǡѾˣȥһΣͽȥ߰ʮΣʲôϵأ˽㲻迳ԺҲûĻˡ
˵ԼѾµıף˼Ӳϣ˫ȹǰŲָɲȴᳵ·˺ɫСڿ㣬ǰ㣬ͷٶڰ׻ͷѨϣ۵꣬ﲻסԼ˵ţһΣһΡһҧһʣ
ӳһ飬޳ǾƵĲ˲﷢һӡһ
İ׻ѨУ̲סһ۾Ѩڰż͵Ľ¿УȻɸһӣѨʪɱ棬ĸо˲䴫ÿһ䡣
Ƭ֮ҿʼʶͬʱ˫гһ죬ͷ
ȻûпƣһƬɿԿǱϣ׻һƬֹۣһëѨխݣŮһ㡣
ֻӲ׳ڰ۵͹ǰһأѨڶ˲Һ󻬣ÿһ£ͷƵСѨͻڰݣͷγֻЩۺ⣬⻭˵ˡ
ԸеĽײǰʶ촽ſʹ֮У˲ɵͣʤЩƵŮ˽УҪϰٱǧκεĴҩӵĴ߶
ѾǵڶHŪѨˣؽſ־֮΢ȴǿˣͣȻһƬӲڽխǻͦ۵ڽţͷÿʵײһֻƺϣǰξСһ㣬Ĺ˱Źͷӹġ
ҹ˫֮䣬ͦHŪѨڴڵĴŴķԽԽĿѾռҵӣ쳣ҵĴǶôΣգ״УֻҪİ׻ͷѨ
šŰ
﷢󽿴ɢҵķ˿ڽĵǰƮţĽ˫Ŀüͷ΢ʣ˫ٴ߬ס˴˵ʹ໹޳ȴԲķʶĳ塣
һҾϲ֣ǰ㣬˫ֳؿ࣬ľգʶԽԽ졣
űְ鷿Щͣԥ˺ð죬¶ģһڿˮʱֹͣHŪС쵽ı˺ð죬ڽ⿪ؿڹҿۡ
Եʣû˹ͷ۱ҰŪժ֣˶鷿ҵǰ
΢ȥؼֱƽڴϣܹ磬׹ˣȴԵûԲϣӣ˰ͷѾֻӲҴСɫ֮Ů԰ҲɫӨ󣬽ۿɰ
˫֣ΡΡĵط鷿ϣֻô壬ϸ֬һָ죬һ־Ȼ޷ץʵֻſڸͣҺ˫鷿һСʱ軳̵ĳһ߲ͣĸԼ̫ˣ̫֣ôȥҪˡ
Ƭ֮ɿ˫֣ϸͦӯİ׻ѨУʶ˫ʢ˰齬̴ӣײζ
ͣˣ˵ɡѨڳԽԽ죬ҲԽԽ󣬾˶·γһˡ
ššءӡ
Ϣ֮Խ޳ϸȾȻؼסҵƨɣͷѨ֭ˮ磬Ѩ⾷Ρ
šҪᡭӡܡ
˫ֿʼҵץŴ촽΢ţ𣬰ۻļһϸܵıϢ֮һƬش
Ҳڽʵ̫ˬűףжѾ࣬һ֮Ծһ⣬һ߷ĳ履ͷѨһ͹֮һ䣬ԸеĽƵĳ鴤Ҳһͺ𣬸űףȽ
촽΢ţٵĴŴ۵ļһƬ죬ΪҺʪճȴĶǺɶɵζ
侫֮󣬼ȥ־ٴϮ泱裬ҷ·Ѿܵĵʱϲסð麹ֽŷ˸о
Ƭ֮󣬶߶µժ˼ϵıףȻ´Сӡ
ȻӣûȥʵƵģڽխСѨҺ˰ĭѰҹ֮ҵʪֽǿɫ˿ڿ㣬زͷѨָģģ۵ĸƵġ
˰׻Ѩŵðְ贩ϣǴʱ޹ǣôҲȥɴӵһԣ͵Լģˣʲô֪ˡ

ʲô֪Ҳȷ뿪ʱȶӶµĶתˡ
½ǰſڷϾ˺ð죬ûκ춯½˯ˣŻصɳԣһͷȥ
ɳϷȥôҲ˯ţﲻͣŭӣӿ־壬ͷƤһһķ飬ֽűһֱ麹ָоǰйСʱ͵͵˰ְֵǮȥʱ˵ĲУؼҵ·ϾµòСʱϾС㱻ˣҲһٵ¶ɾͲͬˣҪ֪ˣֱӾ͸ҿˡ
ȻµҪͬʱֲϵػζŽȥڵĸоű׶ѾˬĿҪˣҪõӲȥʲôоأ
ʲôоء
һǿ־壬һǲСʱǵû˯ţ˵ԽԽˣٴӲİġ
һ°ɣһ°ɡ
·ħڶߵૣԥãܲջ鷿ȥɸҪƿţ־ʵ̫ˣ˯ŵıϾԼ裬ͷһпԭڶԽϾűףҪһΣ̫˵ȥˡһٶİ
ſǻãתɻɳϣ˫ֱأҪϽ˯ߣɷȥ˯ţȺģԽԽӲˡ
ͷŽȥһ԰ɣѾȥˡȻűףȥǲȥˣѳΪʵˣǲݸıġ
Ͳһ£Ͳһ°ɣ˽Ҳûлˡ
ҹʹٴ鷿ǰűԥ˺þã²˾ġתߣ־ŷһᣬʵڿϧͳźˡ
ôţתصǰԥ˺þúþãڹ˷š
鷿ǺһƬ΢¹ֻܽϵ迴ŵСȥ̽˹⻬ԲĽѾ
ҵֱǺҺƬ֮˳޳һ·ϣԸ˵Ѩһڿˮж䷢ģͲȥһ£ͽȥһ²׵ĸоϾͰγ
ѵ˯㣬ϴÿСķֿ˫ȣȻᳵ·ɫ˿ڿ㣬ٴμ˰۵ͷѨ
ΪѾ˼СʱˣѨҺѸɺԣȱ֭Һ󻬣϶ŪʹġһţһħƵģͷ쵽˫֮䣬ͷڰµѨڴһ¡
ֻһ£оͷˡ
ȵıϢڹ౥İ׻ϣ쳤ͷСһһһµͷѨŤ߽
ҵĲиŬ£͹ˮ壬𤻬оˣַżӲĴָѹסͷڷյѨ촦ǰһƣͷ˲û֬Ѩ֮С
û˱׵ĸоʵ̫ˬˡ۵ѨڣСƵģ˶Ĺͷס˱šͣƬ̣һ࿪۵ͷѨֱһƵףխĻǻ͵ı쳣
ˣûб׵Ҳˡ
ӾƵĲһ£﷢һƺߣѨܵҲ֪Ƿ񷽲ű˸оѨھȻ𤻬ĳһ֭Һİһ㡣
ͷʵʵڵĶ˷ޱȵĻϣ˱صİţˬĸоֱκԶ޷ģҵĻҪˡ
šš
Ťӣ﷢ߺ
ƽһ¿Ҫ࣬ס˵ѨڴţһβҲǲ壬νҲǽȻͺˡ
գ֫һʣͷٴζѨ׻ģȻͦѨڣĽء
Ļʵ̫ˣۣÿζȥ֣Źͷһ䶯˱ˬҹͷӶҪˡ
ššš
ҵĶԽԽ죬轿ҲԽԽѨҺҲԽӯǰٴ˰׵ҫ۵ˡ
ˣˣоֱ̫ˬˡ
޳Ƚſ̲סȣ˼ϣѹƨ׮һһһµ͸ɡ
ššš𡭡š
˯еܲ϶ģǴӺƳƵģѩӯСűڼϣųһһµĻζţֺƺڼš
ѾЩͷԷȣˣͦ϶£δεףֱģѸĹĵİ׻ͷѨġ󡻵졣
ҪԺţԺHǸöˬѽ~ ٻʮ꣬Ҳˡ
ƵԵʣÿεףͷصײĻϣʱĻҪͣŤƨɣͷŻģһÿÿʱ趼ᷢһϸĽ쳤ѩ׵ĲСǲܵӣʹҡ
ǻڵ⣬ҵĳ壬нļѹֻС֣Ūһ㣬֮Уȫ
ĿҪ֮ʱյ˫ۺȻһϸ죬Ϣ˵ϹϹͣ𶯡𶯡
Ҳ֪ȷΣһ£ŵǶҪˣڰ׻ѨڣһҲҶˡ
üͷĿң촽Ϣ
˭СС
군ˣˣ
ŵʹһ飬ȴ͵˸ǣﺰţ
Ȼſϣʶ
šͣŰ𡭡𡭡
豻HĽ˵һ仰ԸеĽͣزţ־ȻסҵļѨذƵ䶯š
š¡̼һ֮ͦ󣬹ͷڻϣ̵ľҺӿ

ſϣߴ֮Ҳ̧ۿҲȷǷ˹ҾȻѾҺ¶ôҲȥˡ

ְΣСĽ˳˫΢ﲻסĴϢţҲ֪Ƿѡ
Ҵ㶵ĿãȻ˸˫ڣĴ˴صĴϢ֮
ҵˡһ£ʲôˡҾǵ˱ƵģҲ˲ӣ´ĵߵҵش·ҲƵĳ˼š
λҰһ˵ĽֵĿĵεš֮ǺεȵŭҲ֪衣뵽ҳߣ뵽ɱ־ţӱչ鲻ǰ취ԵʼҪԵġ
콥ˣҸоԼĩԽԽˡҲһ½ңҲԼĻؼңֻ˼ɣƵģϷ̼񾭣ʱѹп־塣
쵽ʱֻˣԥ˰죬߶µһʾ½Ե˿˽
ιĶȥˣľˣҲѧ
ǱȽϻģԵķһ㣬̾˿˵ҡ¶ڡڡ
Ķأ
ˡ
šҲˣǰοء
ŶҰɡͿģûʶԼ˵ʲô
ôˣоֵֹģ½Щɻ
ûûСˣҡأ
ţựôˣ
أ衭ôˣ
ûôߵʱûء½ȻٺһЦϣǲһ
Բɵһʵʲôʲôһ
װˣ϶͵͵鷿ȥˡŵ裬ǲһ
ȻͲµˣ̲סȵʵǹģ
ȻôõĻᣬôܲúõˣһأҪҺȶˣʵҿ϶ֻһӣҾЦ
㡭ˣ治֪ӦøлӦúҪ½æⱲӶ˯裬е̫ˡ
½Цһ󣺡˵ˣϽѧϾҪĩˡ
죬졣ʶصͷӦš
Ҷϵ绰֮ҼϷӱʵȥ¡һֱ浽ϣû˯ҲûԷֻҪһͣҾͺµܲˡ
ô죬½˺üε绰ҷӦȥˣʵܲˣɴصֻ
ϰսһһҹԲȲ˯˸Ҷһ棬˸ȡҶǶھͳԲȥˣ۾ˣһ۾ͻ䣬µҪôҲ˯š
Ҳ֪֮󣬷ԼһЩʲôӦҲѹͲȥ롣
ϣſڵǰϢʱ򣬺ͻȻһ£һͷһȻذ̣վҵŭĵҡ
Ҳ֪ηӦգ۾
ذһȣΧˣȫ쳤˲߿
Ҳ֪ذôҵģ߶µվͷҿذԱ߸ŵϰ壺˼ˣ
ˡϰͷش
Ǹѧܷѧذʡ
֤ѾꡣҲû涨ǰɡϰ庬Ļش
ߡذбһۣȥԥһ£ϡ
ϳ֮ذŤͷʵֳʲô۶أ
ҲȷذǷ֪Һ飬Ҫ˵ճѾŲˣֻɵĿ
㣬첻ȥѧ棬ʲôأ㻹벻μӸ߿ˣذ̿ҳģĹϵܣ͸һҴӲ
ҡ
ǲǸ賳ˣ
ûûаĵͷ
ûʲôûУҲ죬ҺòײŰһ
裬
ذ̳̾һڣһӣ湻鷳ġ
ҹذ̻֪࣬Եһ̽ŵʵǡڣôˣ
迴ŲôˣŸذһ߷һʵ㵽ôˣŵ죬ѧˡ
ҿɲҸʵʵ˵Ƕ趯֣ذ̵ıƢֱӾ͸ˡ
صذ̼ң򿪴ŽݣҸں߶µĲҽȥذתûĺ˾䣺
ԥ˰죬׳ӣ˽ȥֻڿɳϣӣַŶͷʹڵ˰Ʋʱı飬һҲûκηӦ
ûгԺϢãѾ˥ˣп־嶸Ȼ˶㣬ֻֽűͷĿѣЩˤڵأҺ½ۼֿ죬һѡ۵ʵô£ôˣ
ذ̽Կӵ輸ϣ˵ŸʲôϽϸ
Сҷ˲֪ٴˣô󶼱ҵĻƭȥˣص̫ˣͲǵǸϸܽġ
ô˵һǰŲͷ˵裬Բ
ͷַûκηӦ
ذ̼״æԲߣ˵Сϴˣ¶ܹȥһ˵һ߸ʹɫ
ϥһͨһ˵裬ҡⲻǹģҴˡԭһΰɡ
軹ûзӦ
ذֻ˻ӣȰˣ¶Ӷϴˡѵ䣬ϽԵ㶫˯ȥɣ㿴ʲôˡҪ߿أŪ˾鷳ˡ
һȻ󳤳̾˳ɳվ˵˾䣺ҽȻ㳯ȥ
ҵѾˣҪûɹ½Ͻַʵ㵽ôˣô𡣡
Ƴһۣ죬ȴʲôҲû˵Ųҡ
ڴϣɫ䣬˵˾䣺ϡ
ֽϣȻվſڴĿ
ĳǡ
ԥ˺ð죬߶µߵǰͷϢԽԽأؿھҪ˵ʲôͻȻ̧һƣݺݵҵϡ
ҧһҲҿԡǰĴ򣬵ȴδô¹ղһƣܸоʹȫҪҰ
ĺһ䶯һ²ȥһ˫ѪѪģңǿųһ㡣
ʲôɳƣ˵㲡
ҡҵứͷ˵
ž~ 
һơ
˵㷸ʲôˣ
ҡҡû˵
ž~ 
һơ
ʮ꺬࣬ôúЩǻڿš
ʱ˿ֵ̣İûڣΣĲöô޲ôңȴƵ˻ˣġĺԼˡ
ҹǰؿţ̧ʹȫһһµԼĶ⡣
衭ء衭ҴˣҴˡšĴˡҿץס֡
裡ûĶӣҵ˦
ҹǰŲҪٴץס֣ȴ˿ĵĺޣ裬Ҵˣ֪ˣˣҰɡҰɣ
·˲䱻Ƶģһ̱˴ϣѹֲסĵʹ࣬
ǺεȼǿεŮˣСίѹҲδκǰ¶һ档ʱ޵ô֪Ǻεȵľ
Ҽֱˣ̫Բˣ
裬ҴˡĴˡ
һ߳ԼĶ⣬һߴؿţĺ޲ôԼ
ذ̺¾ˣûû˵ˡ
ϽŴ򿪡
ʹ޲ѣҸоһȣתͷײͷûֹңҾʧȥʹУһһµײţ·ϴҵһ㡣
ûôԶҲûϢã弫ײ˼֮һѣΣһ˵ϡ
2.2
ʱѾҽԺˡʿң˯ҹ
ͷذ̣ҵЩʧ䡣ҳüߵһôҰ
ǲǣرԥһ£ʵ衭ôû
ͽҽԺ֮Ͳ֪ȥĶˡذ̳̾һô鷳ңϱǷǼҵġ
ȻԹȴСİѷʢҵǰǶˣ˵ллͿʼ̻ʵĳ
ذվһңҳԵòˣ̲סʵ㵽ôˣԴͷײ趼ԭ㡣
һ£˵ҡ͵Ǯˡ
¶ذƺţɵĿңСʱҲ͵ǮҲûôѽ
˸飬ذ̱ϾǾ죬ԱȽϸߣ˵ԽԽɣɴںߵǿôˣ͵Ǯ޿ɾҩ˰ɡ
ذ룬ͷЦͦûϢģ޿ɾҩǿ˵㡣
ҿЦ˵Уа仰ҾͷˣһǸɽ̻ĺúӡ
ذЦ㣿úӵı߶մϣСࡣ
һ㶣ʲʲô˼
ûʲô˼㰲Űɡ
ʱ½Ҵҵܽ˲ˣĵĸʲôƵġôңвЩΣĽҵ˶ԴΪ룬ÿμȴϴϴϴ
½ڴ߸˵˻ذȥ¥ӵ绰Ŀյʵ衭ôѽ
һۣдɻвЩ裺ûʲô£ǡѸղŶذ˵ٶ˵һ飬һ룬СѾͷôʣ϶ɣЩԵδš
һ£Ķ˵Ƕ㰡
ң½һ㶣ʵʲô¶
Һߵһӵ鷿˸è̫ӡһΪŵأȥ¥ģΪˣåأû͹
½죬ȵİ
£о˵ǲ̫ɴּһգɲǰ͵˼ǮءҰǶôһָôһ趼ˡ
½Ʋ룬ͷǰңҲܾǱ赱Ͳˡ
Ҳ֪ҵĹڹװͿءѾͷɵģȽϺƭذ̸ղŵĻЩ˼϶½ľϾǸɾģ˵вµʲô
ЩĻţתһ룬Ͼֻǲ²⣬Ĳ˻ɣҲûȷʵ֤ݣ¶ϵ϶˵ġ
绰ذ̻ص˲ʹ½ؼȥˡ
ڲϣҵ޷ƽûҽԺңأ
Ըǲԭҵģ֪εûһأ
Ϊûʲô󲡣ڶ磬ϰҽԺһؼҡһ·ϣϰֲѯľҵȻܸӸ˶ñӣԸƭذ̺½ɣӹһЩƭϰ֡
صоģȻûڼңŮ˵Ĵڣҵĸһ
ڿתһȦֻĸоǰְ軹ΪףգôھȻֵıԵˡ
ϰɳϳ̣һĳݡ
֣𣿡
ûС
֪ȥĶ𣿡
ô֪
ûȥѽ
ϰּˣ̵ڵİ̻ҸҵȻˣҲ裬ʲô취
Ӷԡ
Ƭ֮ϰ̾˿Ϣһ£úѧϰúѧϰ¶ͱˡ
һص˼ѧϰڴϣ㶵Ŀ컨壬ĺ֪辿ȥˡܹԭңҷĴӽԺѧϰˡ
Ժ֮䣬˯˹ȥ
ڼϢһһصѧУϾҪĩˣΧͬѧƴͷֻһ˻ججȹûеõԭ£Ҹûκ˼ѧϰ߿߿ƨɣ
գɲӰϰҲӼʧˣӦæŵѰ衣򱻸֪ʱѧУǰͲҪˡֻʣһˣĹ졣
ѧ쵽ʱƼŵվСſڣǳɫУ˶Ьŵβǰܹɵӡ
ûкûͽСҲ⣬ĽŲҵ󡣵վڼǰͳԿ׼ʱŤͷһۣվҵԣҲ˵գ޹Ĵ۾ҡ
ҲܣҲû죬תԿ״򿪼ŵͬʱŤͷȥȵ˵֣ˡ
ŵһܵĻͷһ¡ץסһ˲䣬ɿ˼ţ须һŹϡ
ſڣ͸èȥϵǣСħŮȲҲûţôСԴޱվ档
һ뷴ҲûԿףôڣžˡ
Ұڲ輸ϣһͷԵɳϣ򿪵ӣĿĵĻƵȴʼͦĶСħŮȻһ̬һ㷴ӦûУ﷢š
ʮӣΪŵѾˣȻ˳˵ұܵĸоЩԾŵߵԣ͸è⿴ֻŵڶǽߣ˫ֱϥǣصĳţոĶ裬վԣڵСɩӱһĶҲųˡ
Űŵļ򣬹еʵѽôѽ˵˵
СɩӣﱧźӣҡţЦ˵ǲССӣǲ۸ˣ
ŵ̧ͷᣬϴۣĸСèƵģһһµĳ˵С˵˵ϲң׷ң˯ְֵ֪˽ŮͬĸãͲҪˡ
һСɩӸһһ㶵ģ˵ˡ
ҽҽţҡŵһ˵ţһ䣬¶첲ϵࡣ
ҹ˲ö룬æŴ򿪣һѽקƽţȻתЦŽͣһãҼס죬ҲϷء
Ǻ˵˵ģŰ
Żɻʵã
εЦǣұáСͱ̸߻ˣϲ˵˵Ϲ֣棬氡
䣬ŵż¶СԴίͰ͵˵ʵͬĸĸ磬Ҳںģϲ
ҽȥ˵ְ꣬СԴ˽ȥŤСɩӽͣ¶Ҳܣϲ˵˵棬͵ЦˡЦתؼҹţҲ˲˵ʲôӦˡ
ŵȦ죬Ǽ죬ίͰ͵Ŀҡҽק˿ѹʵ㵽ʲôѽ
ŵգ۾һ޹ĻشңҾʵʵ˵ѽ
ҵ¶ʵʵ˵
һʵΪʲôܰ
Ҽͷһ취ҲûУֻεйãԸôžôŰɣԸžʹţֻҪϹ˵ˡ
̱ɳϣװŵӣȴڰ۲ŵڷǶ˰ңҪȥæֹȥķ䡣
СħŮתЦʵķΪʲôܽѽ
һ㶣ѽķΪʲôѽ
ǲܽ衭
費ң費ǰɣŵЦʵ
֪ͺáԸͽķ
ôѽ˵ôˣֻĸϻƵġ
ĸϡ˵һ룬ȻѾˣĻӲĸ˻ȥ
ŵߵ⣬תЦʵأ˭ķ䣿ҿԽȥ𣿡
˭֪ġüͷ˵㡣
ŵסűƬ̣ȴûд򿪣Ц߿ˡ
ʵ̲סˣʵ㵽ʲôѽݣ
ŵȻͣŹǽϵȫҺӰûҵ⣬֪Щʲô
źӰǰϰʱյȫҸʱǼһǧǧͥһƽȴҸ
ŵվǽϵƬϱƽȴЩӡ
һԼˡȻű꣬뻹ļңѾûˡ
ҲɵЩˣһУֻΪͥҪܰɡ
Ҹɿһ˵ҪԺʵʵģˣļҡ
ŵһЦϧ˵˲㡣϶ͬġ
һǰҶûȡԭأƾʲôء
ôţȴӲô֪費ͬѽܹҰֵŮֻҪԹԵģңȻ˵Щûһ㲻ͽˡ
ŵûңƬ˺þãȻŤͷ˵ˣþûΪˣҪǸ𣿡
Ȼ֪˵ĸֺЦڸ˵¶ôֹյȥˡû飬һûС
Ҫֱ˵ػش
𣿡ŵһ߳һЦʵĲҪ𣿺ϡ
ںܷû֡
Ҳš
ŵƲƲ죬ǰֽҵĿ³̱ɳϣ̧֣һƨɣĶ
ſſļ¶˳ŵ̧ͷһЦȻϸ󻬵סԲĴָŹͷƤŪ
ҪǰѪӿˣʱǼûûޱСֹżͣŪ
һëëһûа㷴Ӧŵɻ̧ͷãȻؿңô°
˵ˣû顣Ļش
ļٵģ
ŵԾɲţֽͷֱˣſС죬˱ȥ
ͽʪСȷʵܵһķӦѹʵ̫ˣ޷
ŵ̧ۿңСֹ۵ͷŹͷŪ˰죬ſſģֻε˳ڹͷһ£ӣߺߵ˵ô£һӶ
ЩЦʶôʱˣĹ龫֣ǵһμٵӣое档
ҲԹˣظʵ˰ɡҽսڿһ¿ӡ
ŵɶҵǰӵһתЦʵòǵò˰ɣ
ⶺ㲻оǲУʲôѽ
ŵĹĵվ첽ߣٳǰͷߵһ⣬һģ
СħŮˣҲЩڣﻹ˵˵ɢһһߣֻʣһˣֿѹֵ飬ֻˡ
շѧؼңСħŮûһţȴ˳г˵һϲˡ
˲ûЬû£Ҵҵܵ˳ſڣſ죬һֻûڣΪڳĲ裬ϰ֡
һʧ䣬ȴֲɵһΪһû׼
ϰͷһۣ˵Сˣһ£ϾͿˡ
ҡŶһҪȥȻתʵ֣ҵ𣿡
ҵˡ
ģҵһϲæʣﰡ
費˵˵һ˾һϰһ߳һ˵ٶģ˵㲻θ͸Ūˡ
⻰ұһᣬરôԲ£軹Ϊҵ彡룬ĺܲˡ
뵽̲סսȭͷʹǽ£·ʹܹСϰֻͷʵʲôأģôˣ
Ĩһᣬһ±ӣʵ˵ҡˡ
ͻˡϽϴȥɣĺˣޱӣˡ
ҡŶһȥϴ˰Ȼصǰʼϰʢж˲ˣֱӰ˲輸ϣȻҳԷ
ӶɳϣϰֲͣвˣߴҶԵ㡣ҳһ˿Ȼĺóԣȵ̾û뵽ϰ֣㳴˻ͦóԵģѷɫ
ϰֺߵһѽ֪ĳǸ˭ѧ𣿡
üͷһ壬Ǹѧİɣ
ϰЦǺѧģսǻʲôѽͻԡǻﶼġ
ֳһཷ˿ζȷʵɿڡ
ϰֿŵЦʵ֪ô׷𣿡
붼û룺ʡϴѧǡ⵽˸ڣ磬ͽˮ¥̨ȵˡҶ˰˰ٱˡ
ϰһЦ㿴ֻ֪һ֪˰ɡ
ҹƣϣ飿
ϰɤӣΣ˵ҸҺôʶİ
һİڷﳴأšҷ²ӣȥһţ˭
붼û룬ֱ˵衣
衣ѽεġöһ͸ȥˡ
˵ɲɣӹһ졣棬ͦεģҵʱҲ֪ôģ˾䣬ҪԵ㣿û뵽軹ͽˡ
˵ϰ̲סЦЦúܿģִЩʱɬ·ֻصǸƻ衣
Ȼأ̲סʵ
ȻͿʼʱʱҼ䷹ˣͬ磬һȥʹ϶ˡϰֵĶϲ£ˡ
û뵽ʱôһٿ˵ľѽһΪϰƤ׷ƨɺ治ţô׷ءҸеЩ⡣
ȷʵУҡ׷˿ɲ٣ƤѧѧܶȥˡҸ˵ʵóԣѹûϷ˵ϰͻȻ˵ˣǵǼӵЩƬƬеľѧʱ׷׷׵Ǹ
˵ˣǲ⡣
ɻʵôǰû˵ѽòİɣ
ϹࣿϹʲôѽŶˣҸᡣ
Ŷ~ һȻԭİǡôóԣôڶĳˣ
ϰЩ˼ˣٺһЦ¡һѽ
֪䣬ˣθҲöˣϰֱ߳Աģ֪ȻһСʱĺܾúܾûϰô̸ˡ
ۿ˿ҪףͻȻһԥ˺þãʵ֣м¶
ϰ̾˿֧̣˵ǰŵ°ɣ
ҵͷСʵŵôѽѽ
ãϰֳ̾˿˵ҡĲǹԲġ
Ҹŵͬ£ʱϾҪˣλҲ֪ôˣȶˣȻ͡͡ʲôˣ㶮ºҾرĶԲ裬͸̹ˡ
̹ˣ㰡⵹Щ⡣
赱ʱջϱ϶Ұ£סһʱ䣬㲻ǵˣϰһ䣬Լ𣺡Ŷ϶ǵˣʱһࡣ
أ
ͺͺ¡
ʱףѹ찲ŵŵʱѹϰֵĽͣһҲûлɹŵʵԣԭ֪ϰֳѽ
ѽ
ʣ궼ˣΪʲôѺӸѽ
˭֪ѽŵȥͽˣûþͻ˺ˣʱ˭Ҳ֪ҡá˵ϰֳ̾һҸһ˵Щѽ
ƶЦʷΪ£ʡŽٷͬĴ󡣡˵ҾͺˣҲԼú裬Ҫϰ֪ˣҶġ
ϰ̣֮ĳĶ˵ӣүǷ̫ˡ
æͷ
һҪ֪û
֪֪
һҪúѧϰһóɼ㶮
ҶҶƴصͷҧ˵һʧġ
ϰοҵļ΢Ц˵ˣϽѧϰȥɡʰ
֪ΪΣģٴ˳ҧ˵һúѧϰұ֤ԺҲˡ
ϰҵͷ˵ˣܿޱˣϽѧϰȥɡܷ˶ĴˣϸǸ¶͹ȥˡ
ĶֵļǺ޶һӡ
ԽԽģҧ촽˵ͷ˸оԲ֮⣬Ҷϰ֮ͬ飬ǿŲϰ˵Բ𣬰֣Ҵˡ
ϰЦǺǵ˵ˣ˾У˾СϽѧϰȥɡ
ص䣬ǰƽ֮󣬷鱾аģһҪһóɼʧˡ
ĩʼûˣҿʼƴĸϰҪǰЩӶĹΣȫϡ
ҴնĩԻ졣
ѧӢʼǣһ߱һߡ·ʱȻһŮӰЩϤϸһƣȻǰŵ
ʲô
Ȼû˼Ļؼ·Ҫ·ĻҪߺóʱˣûʱġ
ԥһ£ͷ·Ҫʱ̲ס̧͵͵ֻСħŮΧĴűԵϣͷﲻ֪ڰʲô
ǴĬĴ󾭹ģ߽ʱĺšεĳ򡷣ֻСŰһ𣬵ģĺģʮֵĿɰ
ÿһΣǻµмǿÿһΣҲ⡣
֪һֱ˫εĳ򣬴ҷɣɹ
ȥ룬ӵ̫ҿÿϦҲб仯
֪һֱ˫εĳ򣬴ҷɣϣ

ɤ峺͸ɬ֮дһ˿ɣУˣȴָһη壬ͷǰ
û뵽Ǹ龫ֵСħŮ边ȻôҲͣ˽Ųվ󣬾š
һ룬ŵͻȻվֱվڻ⣬Ȼͷʲôȴǰ֮ơΪҪӣ˲ö룬æǰһ߬סĸ첲ʹ
ŵǱһתͷŷ֣۽һƬ࣬ҲһӣȻǸոձ˴
㡭ô£
ԭǸѽŵ¶õЦݣûʲôԼˤġ
ôˤģǴġʵǲǸͷģ
ڹ𣿡¶СħһЦݣǲˣ
ҡڹá
ллĹģû¡
ʲô
ѽŵµ˵ֽ̧һöۺõǧֽ׵ݵҵǰЦ˵͸㡣
ԥһ£һֻקĸ첲һֻֽӹǧֽף˵ȹ
㱧ҹȥŵתңſֱۣڳ󱧵ơ
ε̾˿Ǳб˹
㵽ô£ʵ
ûѽ
Ϊʲôؼңʲô
ĸңŵЦҡ
һʱ֪λشƬ̣ʵԷ𣿡
ûС
㡭ʲô
𣿡
ϻ
ǡŵתתЦ˵ǾͳԵ¿ʿɡ
ҲɵпЦôڣȻǸСӡ
߰ɣ⸽һҡ
ŵҵԣЦ˵ҽӣܰѽһ˵һ˸Ȧߣơ
ҶˣЦ˵ܱܲЦˣãá
þͲ𣿡ɴ˸ʳָȥ״
Ҽֱˣ˫ְ
˵¿ʿСѾͷҲǲһһѣȻڽ˸û˵λʼ̻ʵĳ
ĳе̫Ůˣټϴ˵ӣǴ˷ӳһʵע⡣
ҲǺܶģں̲סʵ㻹û˵أ˭İǸͷ𣿡
ŵһ߾׽һ߷Ƶ˵ǣ̺Ҵ󲮡
Ϊʲô㣿
ŵȥĨĨ죬˵˵躦Ұ֡
ţһ㶣ʲô˼
ҰָһȥɽҰִɽϹˤˡŵƽ˵ţ˲Ͼ䣺šǸְ֡
밲ο־Ųףֻܼ׷ʣأ
̺ʹ󲮾˵Ұȥģ˵ɱ֡û֤ݣҲ˵⡣
ٺأ
ٺ̾ͰҴӼ˳ȥһңѲҽš
Ϊʲô
ү޸Ұִ֣Ҫޣˡ˵ȥԣҲܻȥҡ
˵Щʱ򣬰ŵȻ΢Ц֪ΪʲôԽǱֵںҾԽ
ĬƬ̣ŵ˵ȥϺͬѧòװֱٰͰͻˡȻҴСͲĴ־躦Ұ֣Ծ;ҡ
ôһ˵ҲףΪʲôǰһţʮԺܴ򿪡ԭΪֻû˸ĸȱͥذû뵽ССͣȻô顣
ӵ¿ʿ֮Ͱŵؼңһ·Ҳû˵ɵЩ쳣͵С⣬ӻָҵʵ̲ס˾䣺㡭ΪʲôϹǸѽ
ŵ˫ֱСԴЦ˵ϲѽ
Ǳˣ˵ʵ֪׸磬ΪʲôҪϴܸܲҸɣ
ŵЦ˵ҿҵź󣬾Ϳʼĵع۲һˡȥһ챱Сſ˽ţ㱳¥㻹ǵ𣿡
һһ£ô£˵ͷʵѽôˣ
ŵСҵĶԣЦҲ米ҡ
ôһŵϵŮ㣬ʶ㣬ε˵ֱϲˣǱѽܱȻҲܱѽ
ŵСһƲһʼȷʵҪҵĸ磬ҷ֡ϲˣöԸϲŮϲ
Ҳ֪˵ĵ滹Ǽ٣Ц˵Цˣв
ҪǾڿЦҲνѽŵǰ˼ȻתʵиԼ㻹ǵ𣿡
ʲôԼ
Ҫ˯ҪӦһ¡
͵ôһ¶̫֮ˣͱԺˡʱ𣬲ɵþĿ㡭ҪҸʲô
ʮϣҿòã
һ㶣Щţ¶
¶
һͷ˵ðɡһҪڼҹģ˷Ҿͳ㣬òã
áϵ㡣ŵ˵ͷֿС죬һЦߵǰż⣬һ£ȻһһĳСٽǰͷһӻ֣˵˾䣺˰ϵϡ
滶ӣӹһ˿¶˵ʲôо϶ֹô򵥡

ؼҵ·ϣҪŵҵӰ죬һҪԣȡúóɼŻԭ£Ŀǰ֮ء
ʱϰͻˣҴкЬ䷢ЬϷһŷ⣬һһƬƬһһŮ粢ںӱɢ⻹һЩƬڲԷ
ƬϵǸƨܣŮˣ衣
2.3
ƬһһŷЩƬıȻûһ˿ǳ·ҲģȻЩƬ֮ǰĵġ
ʱϰִӳˣվش˵ʲôأϴֳԷˡ
ҳϰֻ˻Ƭʵˣ
ϰƽ˵ˡ
ЩģЩɻ󣬻Ьϰֵʵ
ϰֺǺһЦʲôġ
ǰϴΡ
ϰֻͷƬ˹˵ЩƬҿˣһ迴ˡ
⵽ʲô¶ôоŹŹֵֹģҼֱϰָһͷˮˡ
Ͻϴȥɣ˷úѧϰûʲô¶
ҽˣһѧʲôϰѽ
һ·Ž˳ϰֱҲʵûа취ˣ˵ǹġ
ģʲô˼ѽ
ϰֽ͵ϴ˼ƬҸ͵㻳ˣ϶˹ƻҸĵĹϵ˽һ£һʼǶǳܸɵģܰҸ趼ǱȽϤģѧʱǸӣ˽Լ輸ΣûҲûپˡ
ô˵ƬĲǸܰ
ϰ˵˼ǣȻģѧʱҲ׷裬Ҳȱˣֲ飬αظôСϷôɢأ
ǾˣǲѾ֪˭ˣ
µһˣûȷе֤ݡǸͷ˾ܡ
ѽҸǸʲôܼ棬ʱעǸʲôƨˣûע
ϰּͣǰ͸˵Ͷ˼ˣ缸ǰˣǶġԴ֪ͳͬѧ֮󣬾İǢһʼҲûе¶Ƭ¶֮󣬾е㻳ˡٰŹʱ򣬾͹ܳȥһȦ˶ٷԭΪƬˣûˡ٣˭֪Ǽһ¶Ƭˡ˵ǲǱŻء
ϰôһͣеˣ־ﲻԾ˼Ƭ̣ϰ˵ҾţôҪǸʲôܣҲϰԿŶ衣
ţϰȻûҵ˼
˵ǰ˵ˣųȥɢԷƬһ֤
ϰֳ˼ãҼ򣬸һ϶뿪֮ҵͻȻðһ뷨Ƭ᲻Ϊ˸ϰֳԶ裬ĵأ
һ룬ĵģΪʲôϼĹαҪȵڹϼĹءȥǸʲôƨɡ
ô˵ǾԲġ

ѧĩˣҲ֪ΪʲôԴ쿴ЩƬҵ鷴ӵķˣټʱͷ׶̹ɵƴɼ׷˲١ǰʱʵ̫иֻǸոպü˰༶ǰʮ
ҲƽʱĳɼҪ֤ҵںŬԶϲµΣЩʧ
ԴϴԼ㰲ŵҹ֮Ҳûҹˡ˰ɣʱǷҷңҷЩˡ
գۼ䵽ס磬ͷͻȻһžϲĺ裬~
ӡˡһ£־ϲ˲ö룬±ʾܳ˷䡣ֻվڿ˫ֽ§סûʲô飻ϰŴСǸոճ
һûмˣҵﵱȻǿĵĲ˵ģҲ§ס衣ֲңֻվſڣԶԶĿǡ
赥§űͷģŤͷңϱ轵ϰЦ˵վˣϽϢϢɣôʱûؼˡȻ˵ŸʲôϽæ
ҴӦһͷ˹ȥСĺһ衯ûƶһۣεİϰʰ
ϰ³һӷʢͣΪӷ硣ϣƵģԲҲ˵϶ûʲô顣
ЩΣϰȾӣЦ˵˵¶ҲҲһʱ䣬ڱҸˡһһЩĿİģףҪۣͬʲôѣһ𿸹ȥòã
~˷ܵؾʢ֭ıӣһ㷴ӦҲûУΨΨŵŵģֲҾ٣һô飬ԵЩˡ
ϰָϽԲЦ˵㿴Ӹӷأ㡭á
Ƭ̣ص̾±ϢǰıӡϰʾңҲϽ
ɱ~
ۡһĸһһߺŹ֭һĵشԵ裬ϻûб飬еˡ
ϰֺͱвˣ߲ܣȴҲûбֳл⣬ԥ˺ð죬˿鶹ɣСļе迴ûֱӾ͸˳ȥϡ
ԭЩķΧһӾ͸סˡҵͷ˵Щֿ裬˺棬ֲʡ
ÿʱϰ־͸óԲˣɤӣٺһЦѽԼĶӣ˶㻹ܲѽȻ˵㣬Ǹ
ҸϽ˳ϰָĸһűӣһеףľٵǰСȴܳϿҹ˵裬Ҵˣ֪ˡԭһΰɡ
ҲҡһԾôĶӣϰʵ̲סˣ˵˾䣺ٳϿһ㡣
Ҹæ뿪λ˫оűӣǰſǻ˵裬Ĳǹģ֪ˣԭ¶һΰɡ
軹ôһս˱㡣Ҳסţϣܹԭңȴһۡҵۿ˸תֹסĿʼʡ
ʵû취ˣϰ̾˿ҴӵϷţӵôǵˣôƢ¶㶼ܹȥôȥˡ
ץıӣصһ£֭ĽϰŵøϽ죬εĴƬ̣Ȼ˵ˣϽ㱨һĿԳɼ
ǿסᣬ˵ҡ˵ʮ
һֱûҵ裬Ȼʵ꼶ʮ
࡭༶ʮҼ迪ڣĶ˵ˡ
ʲôģ崺磬ƻݺö
Ȼû˵⽩ǴˣϰֻصԼλϣЦ˵һ£Ҫһ£괺ڣһһȥȼ١
˷ܵ˫ֳӣϲΣģϰ֣㲻ƭǰɣ
ϰЦ˵ġǼҲ˳ĵ¶ʵ̫ˣҲóȥɢɢˡ
ù˵̫ˣϰҰȻҲ֪Ǽҵ׶ʲô˳ĵ¶Ҿȷʵóȥɢɢˡ
͵͵شһ裬Ƕûκα顣ɲô˵迪˵ˣҲ򿪾ˡ
ȫ׼ǰǵСϰϢһ̾Ϳʼ˷ܣһֱǰֻСƵģڼȥ
Ҳǣֻ﷢ʲô֪һõʱϻʲô飬һ൱ʡ
Żĳ̲ס˳ͷңʵЦʲô
ûЦ
Цˡ
ûЦҹ
Ťͷϰָ״֣Цҡ
ѽϽʰҪϷɻˡϰһʰһߴߴ١
ת״裬Цҡ
ѹûɳ·
ûЩйС˾䣺ôоչֵֹġ
һ˼Ҵҵĸ˷ɻһ·ҶǰģҲ˲ֻбһ˵ĲС
ӡϵһȺңʤأͬɻϾмڳšɻʱС꣬ϰȥ⳵һǰԤõľƵꡣ
۳Ͷ٣ڿͷϢһ죬ڶһԼΡΪӽļ֣֮ڼﻹҪų䣬ֱӸĴɳ̲ˡ
ϰһգڸʻλϣźСɫ黨ȹͷϲñϵŵɫ˿ϼһĸ󡾵ȣͣŷ磬ǰȥˣĸӵĹϵʵЩΡ
ԥ˺ð죬ҹӱһǰλм̽ӣ˷硣һ£ŤͷһۣὫҵִһԡ
ˣ˻м俪ʼȷ磬迿ڳϣ̹ȻķȻ˻ȥϰЩʵ˵ôûȷѽĿҰ
ɵǺǵһЦϽתϰ˷硣
ϰŤͷһۣ˵㣬ò׳һˣôѽܲЦһѽ
ûɴཫתһԡϰֻε̾˿
·ߵһС͹ԷΪڵοͺܶ࣬ϰ徹Ȼ˵ͨĽ£սһС·˵·Ȼǳ֪οͺ١
һ·϶û˵ʼտڳ;ķ羰紵ĳ
~
ͻȻ䣬ָ߽һŤͷȥȻһƬɫĺˮΧڡ죬Ծ衢΢ܿɹǣôĵطȻûʲôο͡
ϰֽͣһȥ档ЬҪˮۏϰæֹˮȿ㣬ŽѾˮ£ĵЦˮǳģֻϥһ˵һ߳ˮҵעϣû֡
ϰּûʲôΣգֻһͨգȻźɢıӰЩȻֱ֮һˮ
Цʵʲôأ
ںߣ߿¡
ɵĿңԣֵֹġо㲻񾭲ˣô֢Ƶġһһʵ㵽ôˣô
Ҳûɶ¶Ҿ͵˼ǮԼ˵㶫վڰߣĵ˵Ϲ
ôˣ͵ǮءߵҵԣЦʵ͵˼ǮôûЩѽ
˵ͻȻҵʲôѽôһޡ
޵ʸ㲻Ǻܡ˵󣬺ȻЦһȥ
ұôֲһ˵ˮȫʪ͸ˣҺûֻ
͵Ϯվһߺһ߳˹ȥ
һУתܡ׷ȥһѽᱧ𣬺ٺټЦСãҿ㻹Ķܡ
˰ϸ۵Сڰصţѽ~
ұߣȻ֪ʲôеӣȱӣֻҵֻһһͳֻҵĿڴ
һףСŮڰлһߣһˮˮټҺͱӾúܿ
£ˮվõСһˮһߺҵš
ء
ʼˮһ֮󣬺Ȼѽһϱ齥ֽڰղˣ˾Ǳ˲ʯһ
ƣæʵô
ߡ~Сɷףˡ
ĶأϽѽҼæ
ҿˡ
𶯣жǧ𶯣ָһѣһˮȥ
~Һ~~ҧǴＷһ
òߵԣʵĶأĶأ
ҿȥģѽ~ڿȥˡҧ´ɷ׵СϸһĨΡ
⡭ԥˡ
㰡˫֣һһģĿҪ޳ˡ
𼱱𼱣סȻ߬סȿͬڿһ𳶿һӣͷ￴һֻۣ׻һƬ⣬Ȼ̧ͷ𣿡
ڣѽҺ£
֣ƽ̹СĻڿֻŮƤйл֮ġ۵ġһ£ָСİһϣҧ´糺죬Ｗšһ
ʱͻȻŭǸʲôأ
Һͱͬʱһܵĳȥߡ
ʱҵͻȻŮ֮һ쬵ĶǴ˶ģ̲ס˸ȴǷǳ־ģΪҲߣһ֪ߵûж
һҧץ͵ק˳Ȼ˳ȥͨһԶһˮ
˲ϴС˺Ȼһ˵Ļôſǻɤ˵~ˣ
§űĴţοһ˫ĵۣȴݺݵصҡ
ϰ˹ѯŷʲô飬תͶϰֵĻίĿš˰µĺһվԡϰ§űͣȥĵһ䣺ҪҾ㡣
ҲӦͷص˳ϡ
ôСҲû۹ˣص˾Ƶꡣϰסһ䣬Һͱֱסһ䡣Ϊ˰˷ѵʱһһص䣬ҾͿʼƴϰΡ
֪Ūһһ˱һߵҵҵעȫڿαϣҪһ֪ˡ
װڷܡߵһ
ͷ飬˵ϾҪ߿ˣĺæû㡣
˱һڱ˵㲻
Ϊʲô
Ǻ٣һ˳ȼ٣ôùѧϰԵҺġ
ҵͷЦЦ㲻ƽʱؼҾɳһɣøһ
䣬һŤͷȥͼűҵҲͷ˵㲻డ
ҪѱŽôһ˵ԥˣ˱һıŵҵߣ˵ͦģ˰ɡ
˳ֽ˹ŽȻͷ顣
񾭲дˣɡ˵š
û㣬ȥɡ½ˡ
ϰ˵Ҫ˯ˣȱһˣɡ
ò׳ȼ٣Ƶķ羰ôãڷ涷ǿ湻ĵġ
ò׳ȼ٣ڷѧϰءˣҡαѽһ
ұεܲˣŤε̾ϢûѧϰءҪôģɴϰȥɡ
üͷһί˵㲻Ҹ磬Ҹѧϰġ㵽˭
ǻһ˵ţһ߽ӡôһʶĶͻȻߵ飬ʱҵ־ôСڿģϸֻŮƤĹĵĳ𣬸ɸɾûһë
ʱŮӦóëˣôѵһҲǸëİ׻
ȻҲ뵽飬˫ΣҶƬ̣һ仰Ҳû˵ҲƵת뿪˷䡣
㶵ϣĽַ˱ǰŮ֮󣬵ܿӾľ棬æ˦˦ͷⲻ뷨תϰΡ
վũʮˣΪοͺܶ࣬ڸض˺ֱũڡ
һں̲ɢܻѣұž롣ϰһȫҺӰ費գҪؾƵ꣬ϰֺͱӲ˻
˸οͰæǴ絹ͦεģһվĺܲЭָ˵վм䣬ְְŮ谤С磬~ǰһЩռ
ϰְվλм䣬ƵԡҲûתһԣơ
Ĵϰֵֻֿ˵С̫Զˣ΢ý㡣
費Ϊϰæ˵ţ㰡ôԶʲô㶼վͷȥˡ軹ûж˵Сק
ҳһ£Ҫȥǣ֣תݺݵصңһڳ˶ǣæĴ綼оķΧ
ԥһ£һҧס֣קʹ˦Ҫѣ˵ʲôҲ֣ӲĽߡ
ûмѣֻϲһ˿Цݣ纮⻬ϸ֣ЩЩţһĺЦ쳣Ӳϰֺͱ˰POSSЦĸĿġ
˼࣬罫ֻϰֱˡɽ֣쳣ؽţ첲ˡ
бؿһۣһ˦ԹԵĳǰȥһ仰û˵
ıӰüɻ󣬵ʵ㵽ôˣôĵġ
ҡҲ֪~˵סһӻ֣һͷ߿ˡƲƲ죬ߵһ
ҹƵŵƽʣһƬɫҪǺ棬Ϊص˹ء
˲ٳιĹڼͥǰõλϣϰֶžƱ˵ʮһˡȥһѽҶܲסҪл裬Ϊάң˺ܶ࣬Ҫϰ࣬ϻҪٳּȴȫңһ
ְֶžƱ蹪ƣޱƱһ£Ȼѩ׵Ĳһ
ϰִһã㡣ȻҲоһڸɵţֵ˱ƣ˵СҪμӸ߿ˣ࣬ҪͣŬȡĴѧ
æϰϰּұŵǹ֭ҡͷ˵꣬Ҳˣšһ㡣ơ
͵͵һۣϽҡͷ˵ˣǺȹ֭ɣȾƲá
ϰֶԱ˵˼ѧУһҲزΣƽʱߣҲҪѧԼչԼˡ
æ˵ֲ֪Ҹ磬ԼչԼġ
Ҫؾ䣬˪Ľӣֲ̫ˡ
ϰܽȻһĿİܵ˵ԲġԤףһˣµһ³ɣһˮؼһ֡ɱ~
˶ӾΨԥãվֻƱһ
ҹɳ̲Ϸ̻
վϰߣͷҹȥվں治Զ㶵ıӰζӳ¡
̻Ⱦ£ıӰԵЩЩǸݺְļǿŮˣؽͷϰֵļϡҵһʹһûڣвͣİԼ쵰ô㣬㾹Ȼ˺裬ǻ쵰硣
ңȵʵ㡭ôȦˣ
һ±ӣ̻̫Ưˣжˡ
üͷ뿴񾭲Ŀңһ
ʱֻϢһƣǰŵģôȻһССħŮԼ
ұһڹ⣬ܹȥˣ´ֻ̼ܼ򵥵˵˾䣬£ȥˡ
ãŵ˾䣬ҵ㡣㲻Ҳߡ
ҸæصҲǹˬԼ£ˡϽؼȥ
ãҲδõظҶ㿪صƵ꣬ǰ̨绰˰Ҳӣ򼸴ΣѾͷȻֱӹػˡ
еˣҲ֪ôˣȻϵЩ̺ۣһʱ벻ʲôɵɡ
н֣޲ùϻȥǲʵġ˵˵ȥԼĴӦ˼ҵ¶ָˡ
ļ죬Ǽڵ棬ұż˲ϵظŵţҲ֪ûյʼûиһš
ҲżȫдҵϣʱʱĻңȴδѯʡЩʧ䣬ʱܹһ䣬ңҹƶἤġ
ԭڳ巵ģǵõϢ˵̨ϮǰһС
Ҳ֪ϰǲǳԻ˶ӣȥ˼β޾ɵģеˡڵȷɻʱͻȻϵĽָûˣ绰ؾƵ꣬ǰ̨Ҳ˵ûм輱ˣ˵ҪȥңϰּѵĴλվ˵ȥҰɡ
һѽ˻ȥ˵㶼ˣվվˡ˵Ť죬һ£תͷԱ˵չ˺֣Ͼͻ
ǰߣϰֶ˵ȥһˡҳƬ̣ͷӦȻת׷˳ȥ
һ⳵λҾ͸ż˽ȥһüʵʲô
һЦϰֲģȥ
ò㣬ȥɡܲͷһԲΪбһۣʾ˾
ǻصƵʱָѾ͵ǰ̨лȻתߣһ仰û˵·ǸƵġε̾˿ͷȥ
˵ɣٴλصʱۼһȺˣڷźʾ
ѯ˾磬֪ؾչʱ绰˵ǷɻҪˣôû˵˾Ͼ͵Ȼ³æϡ
ʾȺֱĹסȥ·˵ŵصԡͼӢǽǼͬѼ輱ˣҪӲﴳһظŮһѡ
贩Ǹ߸Ьĵ˼һӰѽŸˡŮģΧæǰſ˫ۣţSTOP~
һ֮ҷ輷Ⱥ˳
üҧ·һһ˵ģ˦첲ҪƿȴʼռʯɿֻЭˣҷͣ
ʱϰִ˵绰ѯʣôûѾʼǻˡ
轫ƿû˵ûаչأǽȥ
ô죿
˵ô֪
Ҫȡ˰ɡ
һ£˵ˣʹˣ漸춼ûɻˡӲãʲôͱߣҺ͡СһȥϰֻгɣͷشߴٵˣϽǻȥɡ
ɻϰֺͱˣҺһ뵽ҪİĹϼ죬ּֽš
һۣɵüͷʵЦʲô
ҸϽװһ޹ӣãȻʵûаʲôʱЦˡ
Ƭ̣Ϣϣ˽ס
2.4
˽ţϢһ䲻Ķ˵
ŶŶԴӻ֮û˵ЩӦ
ظһ飬ɱ䣬Щͷ
æӦһȥ⳵ϳʱƵһߡȵ˾Ƶ³һȳһյߣÿһ亹ֱҧԵúʹӣԥһ£ӲͷƤȥҺֻԵĿһ£㲻پܾˡ
Ϊչµÿ̨缴ϮƵķ䱻ˣո˵䣬Ҳֻʣһ䡣ͬǰ̨ãõĴʼֻһ䣬ٲ䷿Ҳûˡϵ˼ҾƵ꣬ͬʵû취ֻεס
˷֮첲һ˦⽫Ҷ̱ϣ̫Ѩƣֹʲôù¶ˡ
ⲻǺС˵˾䡣
̧ۿңϽͣӾﶼôݵ飬϶ֻʣһ䡭
˵ЩƤ飬һĸӹϵϵıһ仯ûУģշˡæϣԹԵڴ
İСʱĸôţ˭ҲûٿǽϹӷĵδ⣬һ춯ҲûˣЩˡ
ϣһĶңҴҳһڣӶһˡʮ꣬׻ʲôоˡ
չȽţоеҪ򣬿Ҳ֪ôˣǲȥʵڱﲻסˣΡΡĽ־һЦ衭С㡣
ûңҲûѵңȻԴķ˸ۡҾǵõʥּƵģɿĴڽ˲
ܺ赥ദ˵Իһ½ŵĹϵ¿ɺˣˡǰϰֺͱڣܵһգھʣҸˣסһʣ۵Сˡ
һֱ麹ƨϾ͸˴һܡڼ尾֮жȹ˰СʱͻȻڻǴ죬ȥͿˣʲôҪء˽ţ϶ǳȥˣֻҳȥˡ
վʱҲվͬʱסˣңҿƬ̣ͬʱ
ֹʮӣʵ̲סˣ̽Ŷ˵裬ܳȥ𣿡
ŤͷޱĿҡ̽Ե̧һƨɣ˾䣺ǡҡҳȥ˰
ֱĿңû˵ܲѹֵˣһҧѾܳ˷䡣
뿪Ƶ֮󣬴ڴڵĺŻźζʿһеᵽɵĸо
ͦģʾİչ飬ҺģⳡڹڿɲҺվڽ֣ĶͳһĿںţûһǰһӳ֣űǹȺ˲
˶ʼܣұ¶ҲûʲôϵҲղͷɡ֣Ⱥӵγɿֻ֮ƣҲеˣȺһ󳷣ŻŵĻص˾Ƶꡣ
վڿͷ˺ðţŰҴ򿪡ȥ֮ĨһѶͷϵĺŴ˵ˣɲܳȥˣҼˡ
üԥƬ̣ʵôˣ
Ҳ֪ͦҵġ˵֮Һ뵽˳Ĭ֮У໥
ռٴ֮ʱҺȻѧϰתעҺԼţûбϰǴعҸϽͳαǰͷ
ҿʼѧϰڴֻʱվڴǰôһֱĵϣһ佻ҲûС
ĸһԵģ˯϶ǲһ˯ˡ
Ѿʮһˣ迿ڴͷͷȣϵ·ģһĮĿҡóѾЩˣ϶ĸ˯һ˵Ҳס
˵԰ĵ˯ҾԲʲôֵˣֲ֪οڡҸоЩڸߵǰһƿϣ͹һڡ裬ͷʵȵʲô
迴ңûлӦֻĬˣӱóһޱơЦ˵ȵơưɣҼǵ˵ơ˯
ۼɫ䣬һ˫ϸĵ۽ɱʶԼжûԼͣȻϽһƿţ̡
ӹţ֮󣬽תһԡ뻹Ӧøһ£Ƭ֮󣬿˵裬ʵʵϣĲǡ
졣
˵˵һ룬ͱֹסˣε̾˿˸ͷȻӰһ档
ɲңţ֮󣬱ŴͷֱĶңѾݣȻϱۡϣŲҲ첻ֱȣƨɺſգȻǺܲġܵģǳ䱸Ŀ⡣
˰СʱҾ̫ãվͷߵǰͷ˵˾䣺ϱ֤Էġʵڲģ԰ӵǰ档˵꣬䡣
ԡ˯϶ǲģֹֻҲ첻ֱʱᱳȳӻˡ
һˣɴڴϣֻͷңɫҲ̫ãô·˯ģҸһ˯Ҳ̤ʵ
ɿͷԹֿ֮ʼ㵽һѧϰȥˡԾû˵ʱʱĻᷢһ΢͵͵۴ڴߣʹŽףʹѾֺˡ
һ£±ʣ˵Ҫȥҵҩˮɡ
áĻһ
ĽŶ׳ˡ
þǲá費ͷ˵ɡ
ȥͷ飬ҲĲҲкˣ˷䣬ҵǰ̨ѰһЩƵ˵صطߣȻһԵļ顣
趢Ƭ̣šӣͿ󣬵ʹǻ
ôֹһ죬ҰԼؽ䣬˯ԡ˵ڶ죬ˣ΢һ۵졣
ҲͣŲӣߺģ̲ס˾䣺㲱ôˣ
ͻȻģϲ񣬵ǸЦŻ˾䣺ûʲôе
û˵ȴϲô˵Ҳ裬ҷ˶ĴùʱҪҵġ
һһϤϤžͼӴһһ˵ĵߵҵ˫ַҵĲϣࡣ
ģϸֻֻ˼£ʹϻˡȻˣҵֵÿҪˣ̲סЦˡ
ʮӣתص˴ϣмʼճĬûһ佻ѾˣҪٶе㲻ʶôˡ
ôһСεĲҵ鳩ˣһ춼̵ģԷʱ򶼲ЦƺƳ˹Ź֣бۿңҸæԼ
ϣұͷʱȻסң㡭̰ɡ
һʱûзӦͷ衣
һۣޱĵ˵˯ϰɣȥԡ˯ˡȻ϶һ
Ŷҹɵĵ˵ͷȻڵ̺ã۾裬ȥӲĵذȻȲĴ棬˯ԡҪûӰˡ
蹲һ䣬ֱټڵϷȥӱһ˯žͷϲʱ𷭴һҲ˯šҲ֪ôˣͻȻСʱ˯ʱܻſҵĶߣ߳³
ȻĲôҲҼΪ̵ͯ䡣
~ 
ϵǲ˵ϵ衣ϵգѽգѽ³
ڵϣغ߳š
䲻˵˾䣺ˣҪ
̲סЦܱѽ˵ҾͺˣϽϣװ˯
ٴγšãϴһ̾ϢԹΡҵһʹС˾䣺裬˯𣿡
ûлػԹԵ˵ǵСʱǮˣǲ͵ģҲϡ˵󲻿£ֻҪ¸ҵĳϴ󡢸ͻԭҵġ
û˵Ҽ˵֪ҷĴ̫ˣˡһϣԭһΡ֪ô˵˽ǡ裬ҡⱲû˭УҲûѽ
˵ҵȻ
ʱһ̾Ϣ
̫ˡ
΢΢Ĳţ΢͵سϢῪʼֹס
裬ˣ˴ѧҾ͡ȥסԺ󡭡Ҳˡ
û˵̲סˣͷصĿ

ҺĹϵûΪҹ̸ͣĸ֮ĽҲֻڱҪܸоղǰôˣ벻Ϊ£˵ˡ
극ĬվҵಱҴΪжΪչֻڹľģ˳Է˯ϲ֮⣬ȫʱ䶼Ŭѧϰ
ڹ̨磬ʾĶҲûˣһ£̨ͣˣͿԷɻعˡ˵ﻰЩãΣʲôô۵ֻۣҪܺһҵľѾֿˡ
գڷˣգҪȥߡٳǰڴҩĽѾۣСɿɰǰǳϲţÿμһĪĳ嶯ʱİ׾Ըе㣬Ȼûһ㷴Ӧ轫Ҹϳȥһɫ˿࣬Ҷûһĳ嶯
ҷ˾Ƶ꣬ƵźС·ɢȻһ·϶û˵벻ųҵļˡ
鿴ź̲һȦ֮˼˽ȥ
ڻģģ߲ʱҵĶ棬˹ĳſ㣬Ƶģڵȡ谮Եʳ
ǰЩӣĸ֮Ĺϵʵ䵭ЩҲû˵ڣҼ鲻Żһ¡
衭Щ˵һ¡
̧۴ûп
ҽŵһڿˮΣ˵ʵϡ
˸ͷȻüͷһ壬ϡһҲûе£ͷ˵ţ½ķȥġ
ѽСſϡ
಻ţĲ֪Ϊ˯ŵ½ء
ұ죡ǳ⡣һæ̧ͷȥֻüͷټһһգ۵Ĺԭѩ׵͵ͨ졣
һæʵôˣ
ۡ˵ʼˡ
ǡǡǲѽǳԻѽҼͷֱðȹϵһ
ҧأＷʹ۵˵ˡ龰üԴԼ侲˵оȻоȻһ£һ¡һ߰裬һͳֻ绰
ҺҽԺڸһȻˣ泵һͬǰҽԺһ·֣߬ԭͺֱ˲Ұɫһǵһμôʹӣſߣͣİο
òװҽԺ֪˼βףҪ϶ȻʲôҪĴ󲡣ۿ豻ƽңﻹǽŲѡ
ԥҪҪͻϰ֣ȥԶڹڣһʱҲɲαǸżء
ԼĪһСʱڽˡҽ֪һ˳ʱڳ˿
Ž벡ֻŷɫ԰ף˫۽գڸոԵʣƽɣֻϰбڲϡ
ŵ˹ȥ˶Ȼ̧ҸϽ˫֣ס
Ÿΰο裬跴˾䣺кŮ
һ㶡
һƣɵһţЦˣһΪһء
һ͹ĵˣһѽҪ˵Ƕġ
ҪسˣˣƤӣԾһաһۣҪִ֮гϧֻգŤһԡ
ģģ᲻ɿ
裬ҵʱǲر۰
ĬƬ̣˵˾䣺۵Ҫ
Цʵϰ˵ڲһֱ˵ҵʮ˴˸飬ҽʿǸֻˡ
ţҵʱ룬˺Ͼ͸顣ĻдЩ٩ζôˡ
Ϊʲô˱
֪
ڴߵ˵Щ¶һֱû˵
Ťͷҡ
ЦЦʵСʱرޱһֱСѧҵҶ
Ϊʲô
¡ҵͷʶŪϸָһֱرĳҡ
ҳҲ㰡Ұ㶼赽ȥˡʹֳ˳תһԣ̾˿ֹ˾䣺޷ˡ
ҷԽԽˣղųԷʱʵϲӦģǽͣǶβľ
ʵõİ취ľǾ迪ģͽŵաǸˣʮֵļǿʱϴˢǿģһĲظ𣬾ǲͣĽҿ˰̣ȫʵ䷴ЩӦ뵽ġ
һؾƵ˷䣬·ҽԺ費˵ҾĬһԣѧϰ費ˣҾһƣ˳Ҵһ±
סȻǵ˲ûи㻤Ա׼˯ĵطֻӣϰſڴͷϣ㻻Ҳֻܿαϣˡ
ҲͣĻƣӷ춯費ͷ̾˿Թܲܰ㡣
ҰҰҵһ£ӣ̵̨ϡԺ֮У˯⣬Ӳ󿿣һӷ˹ȥ۵һ졣
ëҺòײ˯šĺһȻһüͷ˵ˡ
ǹġεĴӵЦԲ𣬶Բ˯˯
˯ʲôѽ̾˿һ˵ʵڲؾƵɡ
ĶɰҽԺӵôܻǸǼƵ꣬סںءⲻȥܡ
ľګе˵Ҹܡ
ҷӣ˻ȥԥһ£˵ҪҪҸЦɣ
бؿһۣȻһмתһߡ
ɤӣһĽиĻʿ뼼У۵໽Сʿ͸˸⣬Ҹ˯Ĳ֣ȥûѣ˵򵽼ˡǻʿȥ˸˯Ĳˣһ룬ƫˣǲûѡͼƫˣһʮ룬ǲͻȻһ㵱˰ʿŵĶӡڶ죬Ժѻʿйȥˣ֣˵̫ˣʮֲ˶ˣ
˵֮ҿֱЦûһЦ⣬ԸɿΡ
еʱˣ̫ЦˡɣٸһʣУʲôֺǺǵʵ裬֪𣿡
һۣûлش
裬һ£֪֪
֪費ͷĵһۡ
ǡȥĶˣ
һЦ֮󣬼ɫĿңЦ𽥽ӲȻԴ˵ⲻ붺һЦ
һЦȻõѿǰɣ
ȷʵ̫ʣεͷǡȷʵͦΣյġҺҵЦ̫ЦûЦ
費ңֻšһʵ˵𣿡
˵ʲô
˵β
ûС
ҸϵҰɡ
ҵܲζЩɥŤ˵һ㶼뿴˰
˵ѧ磬ҪסһءֹϽع˿ѧ
ôһ˵ҵЩתˡȻҵġ
̲סЦһ£˸ţʵЦʲô
ûЦ룬ҪúŬȡôѧ
衺šһûм˵ҺȻһǸ׽Ļ⣬˹ȥʵ裬Ҹÿѧѽ
ңʣʲô㣿
ʡĲƾѧͦģũҲСʵڲУʦҲС
תңôϢܲе׷󰡡
׷ʲôð廪ϱһ뿼ءҼңɫƣæĿڣȻˣ׷ҲҪеġ
ÿʲôרҵû
ǰ۹ѧţҰ˵רҵûʲôãҲ֪ѧʲôרҵˡ
̾˿ѧʲôѧʲôɡ
İ
ˡ
~ лл裡ץס˰֣һڡ
һ漴˦ֱۣǳ~ 
ԼЩ֣Ͻɿ֣ˣΨΨŵŵ˵˾䣺Բҡһʱ
ǰô֣ǵľٶҲйûԽôһ˵
ٴ뵹˳֮УʱѾˣȴһ˯ҲûС
ιȻ˵Ҹ㽲Цɡ
һʱûзӦ
СʱҸ־ܣһҾˤ־˵ҰܼҡʱǼһԣˤ־͸ԺٳˣˤˣҸʵĶһٳˡһ룬ҲǣͬˡңҵһƤʵĶÿһܣǶԺǼҾҲûˤˡ
ЦͷƵʵʲôô򰡣
ѽ˵꣬һ˳
ŷӦٺЦҲаɣΪǼҵļͥгףҲֵˡ
죬ЦͣЦЦţȻָĵĨĨһڱӣתһԡ
ҵ˵ܣΪԼһʱĻ䣬뵽޵׵Ԩ֮У˺ۣһӶ޷ֲˡ
뼰˴Сʱ辭ҵĸ裬̲ס
֪ҹǻᳪ裬ҵҹһһ͡
֪ᳪ裬ͯĲǸһһ͡
סȴûߣŷһжԡ
ഺʣռǣ˿Ҫɰ׷ֻ׸裬صس
ϵǲ˵ϵ裬ϵ۾գѽգİ³
Ĳ԰ĸģҹҹĻ³

ͷ˫ۣĳšԽԽѹۿת
ڳ߳ʱʿŽѹӢ档æվͣҵĿﲻرãټ϶ԷӢȽϹ֣˱Ȼ˰죬˼ͬѼ˭ҲԷ˼
ǱӣȻˣʿһʿߺҲɵĴָ޵ӢӢ˵ӢﻹҪ
賰ЦӢ̫ˣ뿼󣬿廪ȥ㡣
~ һչȥЦҸϰӢɡ
Ƴһۣ˵ڻ˵ԶһЩ
ŶЩɥ˻ȥﲻͣԹʿղô˵գˡ
̾˿˸ӣң˵˾䣺ˣϽ˯ɡ

Ȼûͬ⣬ڶȴʼҸϰӢˡҵĿȻãӢɼʵҲȥæϰǸӽɣװ̫ӣҽ⡣
˵ʵĺϲſߣζָо˳ҲﲻͣľԼҵ裬Ѿ˺һˣԲеڶˣ붼ˡ
һ׾ӣװЩˣɼϡãѽûϡȻҰ˰֣û˵ڲ뿴㣬Ͻǰʧɡ
Ҹæο裬ǡֻʧѣƽʱɼûôġ
ˣˣұĵۡѽϽȥɡ
ίεĿʵʲôʱܻѽ
ٻ
ھͳȥ
˵㡣
Ŷ
ҿͰ͵뿪˲ҽԺȻǱϳģϸ룬̬Щ֣ǹҪҸϳƵġ
Īڲһһҹҳɷɣ
Ȼֻҵһ²⣬췢飬ҺĹϵԵĻͣԡ£ﻹ̵ġ
Ź·һȦ˵㶫ҽԺ·ϣһһ꣬룬ȥһܰ
ҽ벡ʱ⽫ʻҺ۾ɫЩ̫áһõ˵Ŀѽ
һʱ֮侹Ȼ֪ôشˣ֧֧˵аɡ
ѵĵķһӣ㵹ȥĿġ
ҳȥѽ
ȥͲ˰˵ӻģڼˣ
ҿһʱ䣬ص롣
Ƴһۣˡ
Ц˹ȥĿܰ˳ԭһϲû뵽ֻһۣͰͷתһȥˡ
ʧüӸͻҲһ¡
ͷ죬һѿ΢ЦȻ䵭˵˾䣺῵ܰˡ
У´õ塣˵ڣһõ˼оЩףϽһ䣺߹ʺܴ˰ɡ
ߵһϲʲô֪
һ룬ǡ
ϲʲôѽ
Ȼ費ͷڷһ䡣
УܿЦˣָòҽܰ嵽ϵĻƿյǰٺһЦ´޻
бңԶһ㣬ڲ˵
Уѧϰѧϰȥ
ֺǺǵĶ㵽һ߿ȥˡ
2.5
ദҺĹϵõԵĸơþӵĵ绰֮ϰֺܿʹӹڷ˹ϰֵչˣȻҪعȥˡ
Ȼ˸ɣŤŤҪȴΪҪһȥ˸ϾҪѧ֮⣬һڼңǺܷĵġΪ˲ҲֻհˣϾͷɻ˹ڡ
ʱⶣңһҪչ˺ãҵֺȷľζܾţ˵ܸҶԱʲôõ
ҾǵĵȫǶģһصʱ輸һƬǽ壬˸ʳӻţСѾͷſɵĵɫ˯˯㣬˲ɳϣ˯Ŵﻹֻ߬
һڼңͦѽ
˹ȥģûӦŮ۵ģЩӤʣܿɰ̲ס£˻֣һŤ˹ȥֻּ˫ȼ䣬һš
ЦЦֽŻҴϣʱ̲סСҲ֪ǲоʲôȻѾҺҵ¡
뿪ķ֮վǰ˼Ƭ̣Ȼʹ˸ĸֿƣ㶵ǽϵĽաĸĸ׷ϵϵѣڵϣϵõͣһ飬ֱһκġ
ҺѾܹˣףҪȫңҪܳһʱ䡣һꣿꣿꣿʮꣿһӡҲ֪
һңұ򱱱ע⣬һ˻չ˱򲻵֮⣬˵һһεģûȫҵ
뼰˴ҵһáΪ˲ΣģֻƴѧϰԾĳɼȡĻˡ
ص֮Ҹŵ˸绰ǹػҵĳκͲһ±̳ҪûŮɱšƽ£ͣԵ˿
ڶ죬ıȥŵûӦֻɹػ¥µ˰첻ӰʸھҲû֪ûޣֻҵŷֽʱȥˡ
ҾʱһյĻ渡Ժ֮Сŵŵֽ࣬ףŸ衣عͷʱٺ۵Сϣ΢Цغһ硣
ҵ˼ڣͬ顢ۡΣһʱٸнҲ֪ҵ׽ʲô𣿲ȫǡ
죬һֱͼҵŵȴʼûϢ˾˼һѧУѧˣֻʱֹͣѰң˼ѧϰȥ
ѰʱҲ㲻ˣԼͳˡ
ڷѧؼҵ·ϣԴͻȻʲôһ£ͷһȻһöǵĸɻãȻѰң̧ͷȥ·ƹϡɼԵͩһУŮŻֻѾһ𣬻ѽεãɰӣòҲ֪˭
ҵ־ϲͷеʵ˺ü죬㵽ȥĶˡ
ŵͷңû˵ŻֽǶżô߸ʲôµѽ
ûҴûУϽ
ŵȫûƵģյİŻǣһһ߿ҡ
ʵû취ˣһҧ˳ȥ
ִܴͩ󣬴Ͽûʲôо¿е˺£ŵߡСʱƤ˵СһСѾͷôȥأ
С˰ŵԣԴ𱸵ʵһСҼҵģô߸ʲô㲻ˤȥѽ
ŵҡСԴĳŻ
ļ򣺡ûУ˵ء
ŤͷһõĻݵҵǰԥһ£˹Žζġ
Բ𰡣ʮϣ£ûܸԼ
ŵбۿңûб飬ƲЩʲô޹Ŀ⣬Ρ
ðɣҡҳϣȷʵˡҧϴ󣬵漴ͣҷѶϢ֮ȥģǡ£ȥˡ
ûϵ
ϣŵȻûһЦ
㣺㡭
~ 龭ֲǵһα˷Ÿˡŵһ˵ţһֵݸһȥӣȴСһ㣬Ȼֱӷŵҵߡҿԥһ£ȥһҧϾӨָҺñʱ˻ȥ
̬ĺ֣òʲô˰ɣ
⼸쵽ȥѽü죬绰Ҳ
Ҹʲôŵң۾һգһգģ벻ƵģҪ˽Ըᱻɱεġ
㡭ǡѽЩ֧ᣬֲʵʵ
벻ɱѽŵЦǺǵطʡ
šе㡣
˸ӣҾӡô𣿡ŵЦЦȻͣǰҸͬѧȥΣûڼңֻˤˣԽӲ˵绰
Ҳ֪˵ĵǼ٣ҲԣȷʵеĹͷˣôӵĻгģôΪҵһʧԼ벻ء
ͬѧȥѽûһ
ǵ
һ򣬲ϵȥ
ƭģĶǮѽǾȥʡ˼졣
ֻЦЦһϷʵĿңѲ֪һҳεˣû˵Ľ׽͸
ô˵ҲϰֵŮһҳȼ٣ȴһ˶ڹڣңҲġ¶ȻͷϣﻹЩⲻȥġ
ǮҴȥ档
ˣһθӣѾʧȥˡ
ǣҵĴǸȡֲҳƬ̣˵ɣ㿴Ӱɡ
ҲȥŵͷһȤȱȱӡ
ʲô˵ɡ
ؼҡ
붼û룬˵Уؼҡ
ңûһ㷴Ӧҳһ£üʵ㡭ָǣǸңǣǡǰְֵǸҰ
ɿңĬˡ
ǡҲǷ԰ᡣǷдĲҵ֣ڱϵĻҲңѽ
У㲻˵ˣ֪˼ˡŵ΢΢һЦ費ͬ⣬ǰɣ
˼ɡɵЦҲˣҪǰһܸһ£ȡȡǰǼˣǰҳһ¡
ûϵҲ㡣
㻹ǹҰɡԹҲСҲ˵ķƵںҵԽǹⲻȥܾЩԲҪЩʲôҾһͨĸҲձô͡
~ ŵȻתͷͷң˻ˣչ𣿡
Ҳ֪ͻȻôһʲôһ£ͷ˵ȻѽȻʱ˷ұϾѽ
أ
ҲһҲѽ
˽ţҲ񱳱𣿡
Ȼѽ
ˣҲչҡ
Ȼѽü㵽˵ʲôѽ
ŵûлش𣬵ͷ¿һۣȻ΢΢һЦ˫ֳס֦һԾȥҾͷˣһʲôأ
֦׶ߣŵҽŵŵأ붼۵Ȼſڵϣҧһûԡ
ıľٶŵˣƬ̣æȥۼüͷ壬ҧصӣ۵Թëѽ㵽ʲôѽ
ŵͷǺ飬Сɷףſ˫ۣӲǼһ˿΢Цҡ
ĸ㲻ףҪҲ˲öˣæȻڱϣҴҵܵ·ϣ⳵͵˸ҽԺ
ҵֻûˣû֧ãڰŵǮҽţعƬֻŤˣСȹ΢ѣסԺҪϱа壬һʱ䡣
Сʱ󣬱ŰŵҽԺһ⳵ģִҪұؼҡ˱ȽСӺᣬҲѾ
ŵͷҵļϣС˾䣺ԭ米ţָоѽ
̲סԳЦҲǳˣҲϲ죬ʲôоѽ
֪Ҿԡŵſҵıϣһ˵ҵĲϾ͸оһůůϢģֵġ
ŵͻؼҺʱѾˣÿ軹ڹ⣬Ҫǵøżɡٺúҿûʲôˣʹؼңŵȴקסҵ½ǣˮĴ۾һգһգģίͰ͵Ŀҡ
𣿡
򡣡
㡭ȥѽ
ŵָָԼҽţҶʱˣԥһ£ӣſ󣬽طͰϡ
תҪߣȴקסˡ
¶
û¶Ҿšŵһ˵ţһֽͬڿһʵ䴦
ɨȥƼһΰ۵ĴȣаⵯԲСƨɣǰһ޹˼ɵĴ۸֪ݣܾеŤܵĽת˹ȥ
һ߱㴫ˮȻǿŲȥ룬ҺӽµŮѨＤͰϵĻ棬Ժвϸֻ֡һķȣɽĹ
ˡ
ôһ˵תͷȥȴţУӰϥǴ£ֽ쵽䣬زѨϵΡ
٣㲻˵𣿡ҸϽ۱ϡ
˵ˡĬƬ֮Ȼ˾䣺磬벻һ£
һ㶣漴Ӧָ֪ʲôЦ˵ܱܲˣ硣
ҸôͲֲûϷʰЦ
һ򰡡˵꣬Լ̲ס˳
ŵЦҪȻҸɣ
òáϽѿӴ
һϤϤĴ󣬰ŵ˵ˣԱһȥˡ
ҽ۾죬ȷʵѾÿӣӣصңŵϡ
˰ɣûʲô¶ɣ
ŵƣЦûϴ֡
ѽĶô¶ѽͽͰɡ
ŵ죺ǲУ಻ѽ
ûޣֱȥϴϴ֡ٴλصҺ̾˿˰ɣʲô¶𣿡
ûˡ
һڼң𣿡
԰
ģ
źߡ
˰
߰ɡ
˰
͡
תҪߡ
šŵһƵı
תͷʵ㵽ҪҪ߰Ҫǲߣҿġ
Ҳǲߣǡһе㺦¡
ǰһڼңô˵ѽ
ǰֽýˡ
áЦ˭û¶ġ
ġ
һ۾ɱѪѽʲôʱģ
ġŵ˫ֱأ˫бһԶ˵ı顣
УΪҾ͹ˣⶼˡ
ŵʳָϣСԴһᣬһЦɰ𣿡
ɰɰɰˣҼֱǿЦˡ
˵ҪˣչҵġŵЦͣһίͰ͵ӡ
ǸСħŮֻˣ
ô˵ģǡҲܹԼȸˤ˰ɣ
Լȣߵȥ˵ģҪҪչҰɣ
Уˣ䡣
Ҷ㵽˸绰ϲȥˣؽŴһҪİ˿šصŵңʵ绰
š
㲻һڼѽ
ƳһۣˣˣҲãҲ㡣
ǲһ~ ŵҡͷԣЦЦҰģǼġ
ҿЦһĶôֻѽ˵꣬ץߣæҺסȥĶ˵ȥϰ
ָŴߵ˵︴ϰʲôҪȥѽ
һǸ̲ס棬ǴСѾＦ͵Ļ棬Ķ˼ѧϰѽ
¿ɣϾҪ߿ˣûʱ乩㷢ˡ
̾˿ڴһͳ鱾һ߾˵㰲㰡ѧϰ
ŵų~ 
ҿʼͷԭΪ᲻ͣĸҵû뵽ȴİûһϸ΢ͷһƣСѾͷȻ˯ˡ
һֱ賿ʵòˣһȻȥԱߵķ˯ˡ
ڶһ磬ҴŹǷ߳䣬ŵڿɳֻɵһ㶣ʵôԼ´ˣ
ŵŤͷһۣ취ǿԵġ
ȥ֡ϴһ»֮ʵⷿƽʱֻһס𣿡
ŵͷֻڻصżס졣Ҳǿš
һ£˵ҪȻȰͻ󲮼ҰɣһҪѧûʱչѽ
ѧùˡ
һڼңû𣿡
û¡
أ
ͷѧѽ
Ҳסɣ
ҪȻҽӵҰɡ
ҵûʲô⣬Ҫܵͬİ
ˣһҪѧأϻ˵ɡʰҴҵߣٳʱĵ˾䣺緹Լܽɣ
Խ

ҸҪţŵȻһͷȥֻĳ֡ԥһ£˹ȥʵʲô£
Ǹˡ
Ǹ
ʾҶȻſҵĶ˵ˡ
ұ仰Ⱥģһյľտݼ£ȥ˵ĴŮһѪ
һ¶Ҿеѳֲסˣƫƫקҵ½ǣĻζţͯòò~ 
Ҫ˵һ뷨ûУǲܵġĲˡ
ʱ䲻ˣҵѧȥˡҽΡ
ʱ乻ģһ~ 
ûôģ
ҲƵķɱȥ
صĹʱѹסڵ𣬵һϻҪǸ龫ֵСħŮҾһͷ󡣲Уڻȥ֮ǰȰԼ߲ǣԹҪҡ
Ҫ½æһæѹûҡûˣڲߣһѣܵԵķйһ¡ҺµǣŮǣǻ᲻Ծ뵽ͰŵʱһֱĻ档
ѧ·ҩʱͻȻ뵽ŵж㣬ȥһԹȣȻָЩʳȥ֮ðŵҵԿ״򿪷ţɳϣֻ
ҽ˫շɳԣŵһۣʵ
ģжˡ
ŵߵһ˵ǲ뱳ˡ
Ҳ챳ѽ˵ˣϾҪѧˣܲܲȥѧɡ
ҲŹȥѧѽ
룬ҲǣŹϸУѧͲ󷽱ˡ
šҸѧ˰ɡ
ŵǰһң˵ѽҿûѽ
ǣԸġ˭ء
ЩȻ㿪ʼͷϰСѾͷҲһֻҲûҡ
ʮӣȻ˵绰ʾǱģΪʲô鷳أ֮ͨȴе˵磬Ķأ
ţͬѧأ
ϰֺˣ㣬أҴ绰磬Ͻɡ
ôôͻˣұܵһ֣̿Ҷϵ绰֮һİŵô͡
СѾͷ˵绰ݣƽ˵Ͻȥɡ
һڼҡ𣿡
԰ŵЦ˵йա
ȷ֪֮ǹ˵ʰҴҵĻص˼
һһߣ˵ûڼңΪȥأͦġҸ˵ͬѧһѧϰء
ͷЦ˵ллҴڻ
ʱϰˣҺ󣬱ʵĶȥˣ
ͬѧҰ
еȥͽͰɡ
һ˼Ľң豳Ŵͷɫ̫á
裬
Ķȥˣ
ͬѧҰһϰš
üŭʵûи˵֮ʵʵڼţûи˵ڼҿű
Ҳ֪ôֻͣܵǸ裬Ҵˡ
ʲôʱԹ迴ĺ
Ҳ֪ΪʲôȻеţԽԽԽǿģֱ㶵վѵ⣬Ҳ졣
˼֮󣬳̾һ˵ˣϽѧϰȥɡ
š裬ҲעϢú
ңϰֺͱ⣬ͶͬĿ⣬ҿЦһ¡ϰҼģο˿ۣ̫ȶʵһ㡣
ҴӦһѧϰȥˡ
ڼҷѧ͵ؼңûȥŵˣֻʱʱķϢһǱȽȶģЩȫԸѽ
Ԫϣҽڳȥɢ͵͵ﵽ˰ŵңһЩԲ֮󣬿ȥĻģȴȰҸϽؼңʱһ䣬Žѧ
ؼҵ·ϣҽ¶ǰǰϸһ£ֵֹܾġŵˤȣǱȥչģûȥˣҲûôͼʲôѽ
ڶһ磬С¿ѧŹռѵߣ̲ס˵ҪҰ뼸ˣڼҺúϢɡ
ǳں⣬ŵȴԴǵĻؾѧҵΪأô˾Ͳѧôء
ϸһγҲûôֲǸʲôѽ
ȻżѽһϲϣϲϡѲҪҸһƽʱɵ˸ʱš
ҿЦõ˵ǣľҸߡ
͵ѧУſڣעⰲȫȻ󼱴ҴҵĸѧУɼѾܿˣûи
ǸֱǱ߷ѧһЩŵϢҸϽȥҿ˼ʱ䣬ʦڣǰ˳ȥ
صʱϰֲڣҲѧУˣһڳæšҸϽȥڣ˵ڴţʲôѽ
ڴţǳʲôѽһ˵ţһвˡ
ǻЪŰɣҴչȥҪĲ˵æ㣬أС֣
ɣЪš
в
һᡣ
һۣԡ
Ҵù˵ƨɽһԣȻСһһµ
˭˵Ҳģⲻеĺܺð˿~ 
Щ⣺ʲôʱѧõģ
ŵ˰ɣǰʱҰѧġô
յƵͦ׼ġ
Щ⣬Ҫ԰һ£в˵ٶȽӿ졣
˵㻹ˣе˿𣿶ˡõõã㻹һߴȥɡְѵ˻ȥҼȻһʾһ˵ûҪôС
վһϸƣַȷʵֿȣ˿ϸľ͸˿Ūһ̲ס޵רҵҶˣһ
һһ䣬軹Уһ˿һڿ䡣˫ַ˵ˣˣѧϰȥ
Ҿ
ʲôÿġ
Ҫǿر̤ʵ
бһۣˣƶ찡
ЩˣϽ˳ȥҪ˵ĸ֮ȻͣٻЩҵģ̫׽˿»ķС
ôȥӰŵѧϽѧصʵʵĸϰΣܶʼһת۹һڡϻڿɳϣ˫ֱأȣһ䡣
ұܵĸо˸кҪңȴסˣģһ˿顣һݣͷ˹ȥ
ʲôأʵ
Ҳҿ۾ͷĻصûʲôѽǡѧѧԷѧϰҲûʲô
ңθոϵˣ˵һʱٵˡ˵Сʲôѽʵ죬ֿʼǲ
ҡûУҡѧϰŬġʵúܣһҷġ
˵ģм䶼ʲôȥˣĿֱӣ˪
ҡĶҲûȥҼüͷ壬Ҫ̹ף˵֮跢ˡ
㲻˵ʵǲؾָ˵ǰɣ
ûУûС˫ֺʮ裬ûУûС
Ѱңӳﳭһɨ㣬ҵƨɴ˹ұܵǰһ˿
Ҷ㣿˫ĿԲֳɨ㣬ָңŭȣվˣ
䣬һɨ˹ҲˣҧվֱӣӲİһ¡ɨǿϣ·Ǻ۵ġ
˵ȥĶˣһһߴеɳˡ
վԭһҲҶЩƣܾ𷢵еаԣҳٵˣʲˣѶƹڰ
裬𡭡ѽ
ʹһ꡻һɨȻѿˡŭĵңڵϣתص须һ죬ݺݵؽŹϡ
ƨɣüͷôô갡ѲɱһµĻڱﲻסˣֻǡˣ
ϰֻҪԷû䣬һٳ
ϰŲߵҵʵôˣˣ
Ƿ˵С
ϰһɣ˵Сܰ
üͷίͰ͵˵Ѱ˼ŰɣǸˡ
ĸϰûס
ǸŮһ²м˵ǸˣƢǲ̫áǹˣӦñɡ
ϰǵ˵ͷʾͬȻָͷ˰죬ҡͷ˵ԣӲԡ
ʲôӲԣҵҷˡ
Ǹ͹ˡϰбһۣˣϹĥˡúøϰɣȥ
ʱҵֱ̬ˣе㷢ţʱʱ͵ƣʼüͷ΢һ˿ǳ
׳ŵӽ˰ҡڴ߿ֻɨһۣûпҴյǰ˵裬һ¶ɲ
Ƭ̣ػ˾䣺˵
ҪˣӢɼе㲻ȡܲܰѽ
ԥһ£ֻߣȵſڣͷһվԭأͷ˵˾䣺Ÿʲô߰
ŷӦæصԼ
ҵһɣҵ̬ȡȻĵĻҵĳɼа԰顣
峿ٳǰ辯˵ҪٸҳٵҲ
ӦȻҲƵĳ˼š
ǰŵ·ϣ˼룬ΪѣͰŵȥгٵķգɼȻѾӦ˼ˣ;ڣе˵ȥ
˰ŵ¥֮Ҷϸơŵɻʵ㿴ʲôأ
ȡõûУ
Ҳ֪·ͦ۵ġ
Ҽǵãҽ˵˵ģҲǺصİɡ
û˵˽һ졣ŵбңôˣ㷳˰
û~ ų˵ôᷳء
ԣֵֹģǲ°
ҿЦһİ
ŵЦ˵˵ܰ㡣
Ҳûʲô¶ÿѧǳٵˣξֱӸ˵ˡǶ˵

ǿ϶ѽ
Ŷŵ죬ͷ˵˰ɣͲٹˡ
һ̬ȣ֪˵̾˿˵˵ôˣ˵㣬һ㡣˵㻰ġ
ŵߺߵʮû˵㻰
Ͻϳɡȥóٵ
ҷŰŵ˺ʻС·ϣһͷţҲ𴲣ȡҳٵ
Ҫ磿
ɡ
ȥôʲô
ǻǨһ
ŶС
ΪҪٸҾ䣬û뵽Ӧôʹ죬õĻûط˵ˡ
ѧʱȥ㣬ѧѧУ
ʵûҪô鷳ڼžˡ
ʲô
һû˵ʲô˼ͼͻȻӳȥʹ˵ҽŵŵأټͦģһˤڵأ˼
Ҵʧɫæͣ³˻ȥ㡭㵽ڸʲôѽ
ŵ۵ᶼˣȻЦѽϿȥҽԺɡ
ѽ
ŵдᣬЦҾǹġ
㡭ּ֪ô˵ˣҲڵ綯ˣ⳵ͽҽԺ
˸Ƭӣҽ˿˵ǻãûмءŵһֱۣҪסԺҺ˵˵ֺȰǲ˵һҪסҽԺסԺ¥˵һðգֻŴһ
ˣôһ֣˵ٵˣֱӾǿˡԤϵһŵʱĵ绰ˣĶһѣֻŭСҪһ׼ͱٽˡ
ʵûˣֻʵʵ˵
һ㴫Ϥĸ߸ЬûźɫȹӺɫ˿࣬ɫ߸ЬȻǴӹ˾ġһҵĺ׾һƣʵ㲻ѧҽԺʲôˣ˵գƼϵİŵɵüͷһ塣
ŵһЦ̺á
Ťͷңô
סԺ
㵽ô¶
ҳĶЦˣвЦʲôЦ
֮ǰҾˣʼҲһʵɣֻʵʵ˵Ȼˣϴ¶ǸʡʡԾԵġ
ַ֮ͷһĳݡҽַϣ˵˾䣺裬ûɡ
𿪣ңһͳֻ˳ȥ
һͷŰŵЦˣˣⶼƺõİɣ
ŵգˮĴ۾һãȻĿң˵ʲôѽ
ҿЦõĻ˻֣װ޹ˣô죬ʼ벻ף֪㵽Ҫˡ
ҪʲôѽŵЦŷʵ
֪ʡҰһۡ
ԼĪ˶ʮӣ»ص˲ͬжģϰ֡
ô£ϰּŵ֮е㣬衣ô֪ôⲻǵѽ
ְתңô㲻ȥѧŸʲô
ҡü¶Ҳ˵ģ֪ôϰֽ͡
ҷʱϰֵļ򣬶˵ŮڲأͲôˣ
ϰŷӦߵߣʵŵŵϵü춼ϵϣôˣ
ŵƿ¶űȣ˵ȹˡ
ϰֵͷϸȣʵôģ
ŵЦ˵ﳵңˤġ
ͬʱĿͶұ͵ģ룬ˣ¶ԽԽ鷳
ʱҽˣϰֺΧҽ˼䣬֪ŵûʲô󰭣ԵķһЩ
ҽߺϰ֣ҪҪ֪ͨǼǱߣ
ϰֻûػŵ˵øǴ绰֪Ҳҵġ
Ϊʲôɻ
ΪңͲءŵͷŪָһӡ
ϰ໥һۣû˵ĬƬ֮ҹ˹ָʾҸų
һǰų˲˵ô£
һûü˵ϰָŭʵҲŵŵ˽½Ӵ⺢ôһ㻰Ҳѽ
ü˵ѾϵˣҲŮˣΪ
ΪʲôѽΪ˳ĵ˸ˣǰɣôģȸˤˡ
Ҹæͣⲻҵ¶Լˤġ
̾˿ɸƵĿңҪģûÿãȸˤˣ˭ѽ
治ҵ¶
¶ÿԱ˳ŵð
¶˵ˣҸɴˡ
ĬƬ֮迪ʵ¶ôɣ
Ƴϰһۣϰǳ鴤һ£Ϊѵ˵ȷʵǸ¶ǱһҲǸסҲߡ⺢Ȼ󣬻ͦģҪˤȣҲԼչԼ
ޱĶϰ֣ƺڵ˵
ϰɤӣ̽ԵʵҪǼס죬˵
˫ֱأЦһһ֮ŮԼˡ
ϰæЦһ֮һ֮ʶӡС˭Ǽҵһ֮
˿ûԥ˵Ȼĸ״
ϰЦ㿴㿴Ӷ֪¶
תأ
ҺЦӵ¶ûʲôϵ˵ţתҪ˻زһǣҺ˻
ôûϵأн͵ģչ˵΢ģôûԱôѽ
˵꣬ϰ־˵ѽõȸŪˣչ˼ѽٸ߿ѧϰôأĶʱչ˼ѽȻŤͷ˵ҾСΣʵûʱչŵŵԡ
һۣ̾һˣҲŪˡ⸸һһ͵һһѲȰӻؼҰɡ
õ׿ϣϰȻǿװ򶨣ȴ͸ϲ֮顣ѽǱϾϰֵ׹ŮܽӻؼžۣȻˡ
ұ裬ĸϰ˵Ͼ͹ˣ¿ؼԲˡ
ϰЦЦȻͷ£ѵ˵ϻͷˡ
˳ԺұŰŵ¥ŰЩԶʱСĶ˵ıǵóˡ
ʲôıѽ磬˵ʲôѽŵһɵģ
2.6
ص轫ڲ輸ϣȻһƨɳϣʲôҲ˵ʲôҲˡϰָϽ԰ŵ˵סУƽʱҲڼңסݰɡ
ҽŵ˱ķŵһȦ˾䣺סķ䣬᲻᲻ѽ
Ұʰһ·䣬˵ƽʱҲڼң˲ѽ
ϰ˵ͱôЩˣԼңסžˡ
վſڣ䲻˵˾䣺ѽ㱾ֵŮļҡ
ϰֻͷһۣЦЦ˵㿴Ҹ˵Ĳѽ
ϰ죬̾˿ûҴǻ
ŵٺúһ뿪˷䣬ϰС˵⺢ô˵ҲǡССֿͣģܲһ㡣
ߵһЦҶĶˣⲻǻĥţȥŹǣһء
ϰֳ̾һҡҡͷЦ̾ʲôѽ㶼СŮӻˣؼԲҸѽ
УҲ˵˵㡣ϰ֣ӵһߡ
Ťͷңʵ㻹ʲôѽȥѧ
Ŷ~ ˣҪѧءߣߡҸϽߡ
һ·Ͼĥµľе㲻ζԭΪŵôΪ˽ӽңҪչû뵽ô󾢣Ҫסѽ
ϸ룬ѾͷҲǹԵģΪ˴ﵽĿģȻԼôݵ֣ǿֲ˹
ϷѧصžŵһŨζһȻŹ̲סЦЦ
һۣЦʲôЦ
ҸϽͣҲЦҾǾţϿӲģĻġ
бؿң㵽˵ʲôѽ
ڿءӲ£һġ
ٸˣƶ졣һûأ㵽ôһģ
Ƕ˵ڹϱݺҵ˴ȵı̬ˡ˼棬һȥҲʶˡҵʱĲ֪ͬĸð
Ĭκ˵˾䣺ˣɶ񡣡
ҸæͣԣҰɶˣе¶
ҲǣһۣڿͷҪ߿ˣ޲ðϳš
Ҳ֪ǲǼ¶ˣ˵ز˾֮֮ˡ
ķŵڴϣͷֻҽ̧ͷһۣ˵˾䣺~ ӭؼҡ
ҲɵЦ㵹ӦͦģôͰԼļ˰
ⱾҰְֵļҡ
˵ȱˣ˵¶
ŵԥһ£ֻŵϣŤͷң΢Ц˵ʲô£˵ɡ
ͷ֯һԣȻ˵˰ɣģ飬ʵͦġҪǣ˭¶ﶼܣҾ˵ҪǸɫˣҲ⣬Ҳ֪㣬Ұ֡
סŵɵĵ˵ͷ
أҳϣҴ㣬Ͷء˵ţ˫ֺʮ˰ݡ
ŵգ۾һãȻʵʲô˼ѽ
ѽͱǫˡŵ֪֮еЦ˵Ҿһ£㿴ѾԸԳİᵽˣ˵ģʵҲٰˡ
ΪʲôѽŵСԴ˾䡣
⻹ѽԭǸְֶûǸ̺ʹ󲮣Ҳ׵ģҶֲáڸѪԵϵˣˡ仹ôСٲϲ㣬Ҳܰϳȥɡ
ңһԲڵҼ˵
԰ȻѾᵽˣҲǼһԱˣܲܡܲ΢ϧһǰҸ
ŵͷһãȻؿҡ
֪öҾ㰡ܲܰһ£Լϣ衣
ҿңĬã˵ͷ˵
ˣ
ţұ裬ǰɣ
ԶԶԣ˼ܵĴ̫ˣǧȥ
ĶѽŵͷͷŤŤ˵ұһˣĶŮѽ
šοĵ˵ͷ漴͵𣬶Уǧü֪¶
ʲô¶
֪ʡ
ŶŵһȻı飺ҵ¶
~ С㡣Ҵ˸Ȼѹ˵ǧ˵Ҫü֪Ҿ군ˡ
ģҲ군ġŵЦĿңȻֺһ𣬱˸Σ˵˾䣺ϲŶ
ַε̾˿
ϰ°ڿԿˣҷŰŵλϡӳҺϰһүƵǶһ⿪Χȹˤ˲輸ϡ
һ㶣漴Ӧţ˷˷ͷڽ˳
õŹһҨһ롣ϰЦ˵ŵŵǰ㰾ġ㳢̵رá
ŵһڣЦ˵úȡ̣лл
ޱĵ˵ͷûп
ϰЦ˵úȾͶȵ㡣
ҼһȰ裬Ҳȵ㰡
Ƴһۣ䲻ȵ˵˾䣺ûθڡ
󲡳ҲҪѽ
ķɣĶô໰
ڣƨĵϡ˸ûȤ
ϰּŵֻ˺ȰѽԵŹǡһ˵ţһ߰ԼŹǼе
ŵһŹǣ˲ʯһκһરɵĵ
ҺͰ趼ˣɻ
ϰֹеʵôˣǲˣ
ŵȦģҧ´˵ˡǰҲŹǸҳԡ
һۣԡ
ŵ̧ͷᣬǿջЦ̣ıĺóԡ
趢Ƭ̣ףޱҨ˼Źǡ
һбԹۣѣҪⱾ£Сٰٶٴѽ
ۿҶˣ軹üͷһݣǰŹһҲûЩɻ󣬹еʵ裬ǲĶѽ
ŤͷңұЩëˡƬ̺ҪͻȻɫһ䣬ɿܵ䣬һŻ¡
ҺϰֶһۣƬ̣ϰַ꣬ߵ䣬˹ȥ
ֻſϴ̨ԣɫЩѿϰĺ󱳣ʵô£ö˶˵ôˣǲθˣ
˵ǰɣܲ
ҪҪȥҽԺ
áǱңϽԷȥɡ
û¶
û¶
ϰֳ䣬ִ˹ȥҪıŤͷһۣ˵ŵһһ£Ĺ˳ȥ
ϲŭ޳ոջ̸ЦŤͱ˪ĸĸңһʱҲǽⲻˡ
֮ûٻطֱӽԼؽһţϰָɿΣ˵ϽԡС˷Ͻѧϰȥ
ŵŰҷţ뵹˳˼ǰ˻Σʵ㷢ʲôأ
ŵŻЦЦûУڵİ̵Ľ
ǰҲ彡극󣬻صôҲϰַ˸绰ȥˣĥĥȥ׳ŵƿ˰ҷš
豳ŷţڴϡŵ˹ȥ̽ͷһۣ۾δ˯ȥֻĿЩͣƲЩʲô
ʵ裬ôˣ
ȥػ˾䡣
裬һҲûԣԵʲô
û˵꣬˵ˣȥ
Ҳٶ죬˷䡣վ˼Ƭ̣ߵˮ谾һЩСࡣ
ǰû¹ģԴϸҳߺ󣬸ϰѧһЩգҸоǿԵġ
ҶŰõСصʱӴֵŶͷͷңһ㲡ҽ˫ֶ࣬Щ⡣
СճЩ̣Ҳ֣Ҳߵ̫죬˳СķǰĴͷϣȻ̵ָͨ
迴һǰС̧࣬ͷ˾䣺㰾ģ
ҽͰ͵Ľͣϰ˵θʱࡣҡҸҰѧģһζְҲҲ֪ôЩ档
Ƭ̣ӣ˴һСڡ
Ҷ辫µӣʵоζô
һΰ跴ʵ
ҲǵһΰɣϰְԼ⻹ǵһΡôаɣ
С˵ͷ漴ЦҪǿϴѧܳȥ͡
ͷЦڿأء
ôɡһһ׵ĺࡣƬ̺һۣʵ㻹ʲôѽʲô¶𣿡
ҺЦû¶ǡԷ
ߵһԷʲôÿġ
岻ãⲻǹ
ңͺˣ
Ҳ˵׼˹һã˵ͺˡ
һۣһѧϰأѧϰɼ𣿡
šҪٶһ㣬˵ͺˡ
üͷһ壬ͷ˵ôôѽNNNNģҸûθˡ
аɣԣﻹСһݿȥ
Ͻ߰ɡ淳
뿪ҺȻһԥһ£ת˱ҡ
ŵǰ飬ҽЦź硣
Ҽװµӣڷ󿴿ҳ򣬰ŵ̲סʵʲô¶𣿡
˵ûУҾ㡣
Ŷ~ ŵЦЦĿҡ
ұƵĻڣʵôҸʲô
磬ǲҪǸˣЦľ֣˸ߣơ
Ҷ̬ѾֲˣҲûĴ˵šŵŵ㿴Ĺϵô
ͦõİ
̽ʵǲӦáǶƵɾ˰
ʲôƵŵգ۾һãȻı顣
Һȷװ⣬ƽ͵˵ʲôǶƵ
ŵװһȻģŶ˵ǣǿҵǶƵ
ұܵһۣȻѹ˵ô˵ֻѽҲסˣҲҵˣӦ̹Ա˴˰ɡ
ŵͷŤ˵㵱ʱ˼ҵʱôû˼ҵѽ
ҵʱ֪ҵã֪ãҲɡ
˼Ҽװ˷ܵظʲôƵġš˼ǣɱŵŵ
˭ɣѾ챻ˣɴвϽƵҽȻҶ㡭㲻ˡ

ҡ˰죬û취һҧҲˡ
ѽҺѽ~ ǧҪҡŵװһʮֺµӣʵ̫ˣһװģǹװģ͸ˡ
һʱҲûа취ֻܶ뿪˷䣬ٳǰ󳰷ƵЦ磬ѽ
ڶľˣķ֣ŵû磬һڳæµšŹڵİ˱࣬ҽŽɵʵģ
ǰû뵽ɡ
Ҳûɶ벻ģ£СѾͷҪһ˶Ķࡣ
ֲѧôʲôŹָͣ˭ѽ
ȻǱָ迴ѽŵЦŶ˵ֺ裬ѽ
ţóֹһۣձǿˣҶͻ᰾СࡢŴʲôģ˱ָӵĶҿɰ
ŵͻȻһЦƵʵЦʲô
ŵЦ˵㿴չŵСϱŬֺš
ҷ˸ۣЦĶСϱֱҶ衣
廹ǲûгԷϰֵǶ԰ŵճ޲ѡ˽ãƨûĳɣôˡ
ŵں˵һֻҪ֮Ժ㣬ƨĵġ
ǰӢСɼˣĲѧؼҪչʾһ£֮һȦҲûҵ衣
ŵڷֻ˵֪ҪҪ绰ʱˣɫ̫ã纮˪⡣
һΣоǲΪתҪݡ轫İˤ輸ϣͺһҹ
ҲΡΡ˹ȥ迪ڣȱ裬Ӣ￼ò̵ġ
˵һ룬̧ҵݺݵسһƣ࣬ϻۡ
Ҵ㶵Ŀ裬˵ҲӣаоЩãȻ
ɫ࣬ؿھűϢѩ׵ĲȻڽҧأŭ˼㣬̧һơ
衭ίͰ͵Ŀ֪Ǻá
ƺȻҳһϰֵƤҾһٺܳ顣ɱȰˣ죬·ǻۣÿһ£͸һƤƵġ
Ҳ֪Ϊʲôô𣬵˽ƢʱǧӲҲܶ㣬һҪģԽЧԽãֻҪˣǾû¶ˡ
Ϊʮܽľ飬׾ʧˣôģʼղΪԽԽݡʱϰֲڼңҲûţֻܶӣ˫ֱͷӲ
ӣͣƤһתȥˡ
ҸоԼѾǱˡѪģˣڵֹ˽ʮӣվһȳһյߣз֣ҷſһ죬ŵͷ⿴ء
û˵ұҲŵ㡣
ŵЦ˵ûô˵꣬Źˡ
ҿЦõ̾˿˽ȥ
ױ̨ǰֵֶͷ˫ĿգŭδҴһ˿ǳҴ˹ȥС˾䣺裬𣿡
Ļ˾䡣
裬ҲˡʲôҸĻҽüͷͰ͵˵š

ƽʱͿˣ״ͬĸеӦǺϵйء
Ĺȱߣ˵裬治֪ĶˡңҸģһģһ˵ţһȥץϵ֣֪һ񴥵һ㣬͵س˻
ι軺۾˫ĿĶң̾Ϣġĵ𣿡
ͷܣһܸġ
½۱ϣ̾ã˵˾䣺˵ʲôѽ
ҡܶѽУܵͲʹ˵ǰϰֳˣһٳͺˡҪˣ򡣡ץס֣ʹϳ顣
ѿ̾һ˵ʲôˡˣѧϰȥɡ
ӣĶ˼ѧϰѽҾţҪԴңҪ˳ҡ
һ̾Ϣͷתһԡ
뵹˳֮Уĥɣʵʵģûʲô¶аеĪС󣬴ûдôݹ
ĬƬ̣С˾䣺裬θõû
ûлӦ
裬Ҫȥ
ûлӦ
裬˵仰ҸʲôСһ˵ţһٴȥץ֣ȴһӣСĴϵٺ۴
˻~ 
ǸոƤٺۣһͻƵۣ̲ס
ʶĻͷһۣҲҵʵ̫΢ˣȻֹḧһ£˾䣺۲
ʱ͸װˣҲúۣüͷ˵۵Ҫֿǹݵġ
轫˻ȥ˵ˣϽݿȥɡ
ǲУҪҾû顣ˣСʱһˣҾ͵ֵĲˡ˵գҴӵǰһ˫ŵأ
裬쿴ѽҫŲ
üͷſڶû˵оòУϱһѾ
Ҽ⵹Ѿˣ룬˵ҵŸ׸ɡֻãĺͶĻѽ~ 
һ߳һ鵹ŲһСײ˴ţ۵һУһˤ˹ȥ豻ҵǱá͡һ˳۵ᶼˣǿջЦ裬ɿ˰ɡϣˡ
°̾˿ܲܳȥҰһ
趼ѾЦˣ˵ӲѾѿһ죬ȥ¾ʵ䷴ˡҴӵͷ˵裬úϢһѧϰȥˡٳǰͷ˵һ䣺裬Ӣ￼Ĳ
轫תһԣûңҲǷ
ϰֻ֮󣬼һˣһ֮£֪ǱģЩ㵣ԭǲϿڣܺһԲͣȰοϰ֡Ϊʲô˵Ҳ޴֪
ڶ峿ŵһ˻ĲһˡҪڣ벻Ҫˡ
¼ȡף׼ϵʱ򣬴ӿڴһɫϰϽͷһۣȻ㼱Ҵҵĳ˼š
û¶ŵȴ˾䣺ղʲô
ô֪Ƴһۣô¶ʲô
ŵʼ磬û˵
ȥ֮δ飬ϰ˵ǹ˾£ʱȥˡ磬ҷѧؼңһžͼɳϣһ㶣ѧУż١
˫ֱǰһĹĵСģԼĪŲ³Ϊʲô̲סЦʵôˣӹĵĸƵġ
ֱӣָԼķ䣬ߺʵ˭Ϊʲôҷ
ԥһ£ʵ趼û˵𣿡
ҴֻػϰַϢֲءңһ飺˭ѽ
ǡô˵أ
˭ѽΪʲô˯ҵķߺģֱţ
Ťͷ俴һۣŽգҲ֪ŵڲ档˼Ƭ̣ʵô˵ģ
˵ҵãĽ㡣ΪǼأ˵׵ģüһŵı顣
ҺٺɵЦʵ˵Ҳû
ʲô˼ҡ
¶ϰָ͡
˵꣬תҪݣǰһקסҵĸ첲˵ҲҾĽ͡
㲻֪ãã㣬׽㡣
ɵôѽ뼱ѽ
§ļߵһԣ˵ǰ˵ϰָһСŮһ֣¶㻹ǵò
ǵð˵ͷ
Ҹ˵ұһСŮݺ㻹ǵ𣿡
ǵð

۾ôġ
۰ֵ˽ŮаŵԣӦýŵšСŵ
˭ʲôѽôͳ۰ֵ˽Ůˣ
¶ǻͳˣ۰ְɡСʱͦģǵģ㡣룬ͦģҲ÷㡣
ߣ׷ҵʣ㵽ʲô˼ѽ˵ѽ
ʱҵķſˣŵŹմ˳ҺЦ˵磬
һû˵ȻҵǰĹĵĵ˭磿ƾʲô硣
ŵЦǺǵ˵ҴҵȻҪ磬ѲҪܵܰǰɣ㡣
ҲŲء΢ȻЩǻ
һʱ֮Խʵ¶˭ϣ˭ɡҸæļȰһ˼ά趼Ѿʵˡ
Ҳ֪ˣ
Ȼ֪ˡ
˫ֲ˵Ƕ֪һˡ
Ҳǹ㣬ֲڼҡ
Ҳˣ
Ҳ˵ˣȸˤˣûչˣȽӵˡƢԸҲ˽⣬죬ġšô˵أϾ۰ֵ׹Ů
ƾʲôסѽ
ܲסɡЦЦ˵㲻ûҲǿš
Ĺĵ˵һˣȥ
ε̾˿ᵽĶݰܲ˯ɡ
Ҳܣߵһ˫ֱأСһ
룬§סļһߣǿĲ϶Ӳˡ䣬챻趾µٺչʾ
ʵô£ְˣ
ɲǡ
һ£̾Ŀɲѽ㷸ʲô¶ѽô㡣
ѹص˵һʼҲһ˵Ҳ¶Ҿ͸죬ͼˣҡ
ɣŽɵĿҡ
ʲôвɣ˻ءɲֹһϣ㿴Ƥġƿ·ظչʾ
ڰɣôݣ
Ҽ˵㻹ʵɣƤ֮ࡣ
˵ͷģΪ֮ȻȥŵʱһЦͣ˵ʲôԥһ£ˡ
2.7
ΪԵʣ񽻸˰ŵ
ϰ°ڿɳϣ·֮󣬽е̸˰СʱųȦģԿ޹ϰֽͰŵеһ໥˸ܣŵˬĽ㣬Ȼ̫ԸǴӦһ
ϰֽˣԷʱʼճһ϶ꡣҺϰֶܸеίͣвˣҲ֪ǲǶԹԵĳ
һݿ鸴ϰʮһʱ˯˽ﻹͷͱӡһ㶣ɵĿʲôػ˵Ⱦ㰡Ҳȥ˯
ӵҵĴϣһƨĹĵ˵Ҳһ˯
Ҳ˯ѽ˯أ
ȥϰ˯ɣֲڣϰ˯һŴɡ
Ҳϰϸˣ˲پƣҿɲϰһ˯ôȥ
üߺ˵Ҷϸˣôܸϰ˯һŴ
ܸ˯һŴ𣿡
û˵Ҫ˯һŴҵ˼ǣ˯Ĵ~ ȥ
ƾʲôʧЦ
˭㲻ҵġ˭ҵġ˵˭ǰҵķסġ
ͽһ°ɣͻѧУȥˡ
ҲҾͲ
ֱͦͦҵĴϣˣҾ˯ҪԸϰ˯һݣ˯һˡ
ߵߣͦʬƵڴϣӹĹĵģظһһСˣ
˵㶼ˣˣܲһ㡣
ƾնһͬĸ˭ǵ˰˵ˣҪǷŲġ
ҿЦã̫˰ɡ㣬ȥ˯ɡСһŴϣ˵ͶԵѧУȤ£ǰԣʫʸ踳̸ѧͿһ𿴿ѩǿˡ
ҲŲҪѩǿأֻҪ㣡
Ҫңһ㶣ҪҸʲô
Ҫȥ˯ѽ
ˣˣϽȥɡץסϸۻҪӴקȴ˫˫رסӣ˵ʲôҲ
ҹľٲҪ˰
ߵһٲȥҲˡ
٣û취ˡ
һҧЬȥڴϡĴرģȵ˴΢һЩҲû˫˴ĳ̶ȣ˲ţЩġ
ҵĸ첲űĸ첲߼ʹ߼һСѾͷƬӣĶҴһֱҼߣۿҪȥˡ
ѽ~ ֻ۵СѾӳһ࣬һȴҵϣ§ңֻβƵģҵϡ
ֽŲã§ҡһ֮󣬺ȻֹͣеĶ໥ŶԷ
ѾûôĹ۲ˡŮ۲תǳƴСپ£ȻɣƤ׾ΪϷ֣˵ĺΣӨ͸۵ˮ
۵ļϳ˵ŵŮ֮⣬һЩԡ¶ζȻǸոϴ裬ֻ׾ɵСè
ֻ˵˯£ظоؿ΢΢¡⣬дһӲ۶ɬȻұȽϷϾһ彡ˣܺõɰ
ǰҲһ֣ҲûоʲôףԴӺͰŵ֮ҾвһĪĸоʲôѿһ˵ȴĸС
Ƭ֮󣬱Ȼ˾䣺磬ǲǲ̫ѽ
֪㻹ɿ
ȥ
ƾʲôҵķ䡣
ҾͲ֡
ҺߵһôŰɣν
С˭Ҳ˭һֱűһıңȻûŲҲ˵ѧϰҲ۵ģɴϢ
ôһ֮󣬶ߺȻ΢һƣȻ˯ˡ˫ۣС΢ţһһ֮䣬ҵϣůůġ
ĳ̾һεƵһԣȻϱ뿪ҡ
ҽͷڿɳϣԥһ£תǰƿţֻŵſڴϣֻƤһһ̵ģա̧ͷһۣЦʵ磬ʲô¶𣿡
û¶ǿ˯ûҲ֪Լʲô¶ǹʹľͽˡ
Ͼ˯ˡ
У˯ɡ
ҸҪţŵʵ㲻𣿡
㲻õˣ˯
ŵ۾ʵǡ˯һݰ
˯
㡭ҪҪһ˯ѽ
ҪҲôǣűߣϵع˷š
Ϊݴ٣ϿΣڿһֱϰһ˯ҹεԼſϣĴųɫ˿˰ȣ˺ɲͦӲյۻİ׻Ѩǰһͦ˶ĹͷյһһĽ뵽խСյѨ֮С
۾գгһ죬촽΢ţ﷢
˫ֽ߬ӲѨڲϵزײŽ۵ӹġ
ӱײǰǰҡΣγһεİɫˣ͹˺һ죬͵մ֭ĵĽһȦۺ⡣
šСһЩŰһ㡭㡭費ˡš
Ҷϸ޳˿ȣڼϣ壬ͷѨͱѨ֭ˮ죬
ɰ˿СŴҵļϣų壬ζţҸоԼҪＫˣǰ㣬˿ѹڱϣĳHɣͷδεףײġ
šС͡Űѽһ㡭
豻Hĺߺģ˵һ۵ǻѨҾΡҸоԼҲͲסˣ͵һ壬ͷס⣬Ũ
𡭡ȥγУỳеġȥ
ĿУѹ֮䣬оů桢ģӲǱһš
Ƭ̣͵˫ۣȥȴķ֣ŵɳԣһ°ͣһֻҵ˯߬ҵйɵһµţͷۻڲϵ⼷Һ
ʲôأҳ㵵ĺ
ŵһЦСԴ˵ҼͦĹģˬһ°ôˣ𣿡
һҵСִӿ˳ûˣѹ˵ˣڼ
ﲻ𣿡ŵ⣬մŨСַڱǰһ¡
ȻУҶ˰Σ̲ס˾䣺㡭˵ʲôû
СѾͷһתС˹ص˵ղһֱں
ôһ˵˿ΪĶǱȴ֪ˣզһ¡
ҿŵĳһ𣬺ЦǣǱεǱŵҸͿˣɻĿҡ
ұ鸴⣬죬ȴֹСѾͷԽԽͿˣҲ֪ǷҵеĳȶȣСȻ΢죬ԵЩΡ
ѵñϷˣһΣмֱֿ˻ˡʱ죬˯۴˳ҹ˲ÿճʪ壬æ˯㡣
ߣŵɳǰɵһʵǸʲôأ
졣ҹ򶨵˵
ģʲô찡üͷ˯ʵڲӣת䡣
ʰŵ첻𣿡
ŵվСһԹ㣬¶ˡ
ʲô¶
Ϊ
û㡣
ŵŲ;ͷ˵˾䣺ˣ˰ҵķѽһ¡
Ҳ֪ǷڿЦҲ˲ø죬һ䣺Ȱϴˡ
ʱŵײ˸棬һƵĿŵ΢΢һЦֻ̧մҺС֣ǰ
һ磬һСִ򿪣ʵʲôѽôġ
һҪ˵ֻŵЦ˵Ǳ飬Ǹġ
ġӶ˵˾䣬תҵķ䣬˯ȥˡ
ŵתҫƵĳһ˻ֻմҺС֣صˣϽϴ֡
ŵ˸һȳһյĽ䡣
ŵһ£극˳ȥϰϰ֮ʣҺͰŵˡãûʲô۶ӣԹԵĴڿֻ︴ϰΡ
ʱȷʵеˣžҲ֪㲻㷢й˳һݣ͸оȣȺģѹûоѧϰ
вϵĸԼֻһζѣҶκεķǷ֮롣
ɻһ뵽СħŮڼе飬ܾߣһĪĴ
Ī֮ʱۣɾɰľȻԱ½ͬѧȻ绰˵ҪһѧϰҵȻԥľʹӦˡ
Ҷϵ绰֮ҵͿʼĪ½ÿҼǻᱻҸֿͣûкúѧϰ֪ġͻȻң˵ҪѧϰҽѲҲҪˣ
ܣԴϴ֮Ѿܾûˡô˵ҲǸζĸŮˣסһʱﲻסһѽ
ŵһ¾ͿHˣоһȣǰҲѧȥˡСħŮڼȷʵЩ̫ģϴν˳ȥξе鷳ˣϾȲ̫㡣
֮⣬ﻹһ뷨½·˿͸߸ЬڴϣȿĸҸɣ⻭ѪڡȻˣҲװ裬Ҿ˿͸߸ЬŮζˡ
ȻǿңܾôɣеԲ裬ϾѾӦ裬ҪıԼ
˵ֻһ·ѣҲû뷨ѽǮһµ͸ƽʱҲϰ
ȥһҧ˵һ·½һֲǹġ뵽ҿ˳ȥ
ûƼŵӰӦǻطȥˡΪ˱˸ĵ˰¹·ҵƷȹԼ˿߸Ь
Ƿǰҿ϶ԥѡɫ˿࣬ɫ˿ǳȤ֪ʲôԭȴʹԼֻǵϲѣûʲôԭ
׺ɫСװȹɫ˿࣬Լһ˫ͷϸĺɫƤ߸ЬŽĵ뿪䣬ҿȷСħŮڸȻٵҡ
ҵֱͣضԼ˵ֻǺ½ϷѣȻҾͻȥˣⲻʲôûйڴȻй֮ҾͻȫĵͶ뵽ѧϰеģһҲ˷ѵġ
ʮӣ½ˡĺˬһУ˶Ьβ裬Сϻ˵ױ
ĺＱһҼװرֻ֣ǵ˵˾䣺˰ġ
½ҿ˿ʵûڼ𣿡
ûУһǣһˣˡ
½ĵʵǸҰð
ҵ˵ͷʣأк𣿡
½֣εЦˣҲǺġ
ǰŽңҷֽŹϣ½һֵۣú򶨣Ҳû⡣
תǿʼѧϰɡ
ѧϰ⻰½Щˡ
㲻ѧϰ𣿡ǿһĿ
ǣѧϰ½˵ͷǡѧϰɣ
˵ǰʼͷӡ˵ģǹɵŮѾܾûŵˣټϱգ̵ʵеܡ
½Ҳƽǰ񾲣һһȷ磬ɴҲˣﻹֹţеѽ
ѽеȡͣҲһϧֻ˯£Ѿ㱳ˡ
½ߴһɫΪزر񣬽·һΡ
ҵѾѵˣĿΪ˺·ԻҪװ½ƨϾ˵̣һŲϻҪͷӡ
һ½סڣȷ磬¶Ƭۻļﻹֹţôôѽ㲻𣿡
һǵһμ⸱ģЩЦǿţͷ˵аɡ
½ͷҿɴһۣûκηӦЩ٣ߵһҲһСģ
ЩЦѾͷȷʵҪˣֹ֣˼Ҽʱˣͷװ˵ܳʱûСˡ
ĬƬ̣½šһ
Ҽװĵ˵Ҷ촽ʲôζˡ
½ͷűʣģȴЩӲ
~ ҳ̾һε˵߿кüءѰѽ
½Сֹ˾䣺û˵ҡ
ҿαϣ˸˵Ӱѧϰ
Ϊʥѽ½һҾˣ
˳ƽ˹ȥЦ˵˰
½һ¡

½תͷǰ˴աҼ촽Өɰ̲סȥҲûнǵԵʣֻŮӣģһǣ紥һ㣬ֵġ
ô֣ӣ糺죬ҧ´ظһһȻѾ顣
һ£𣿡
š
ٶȥһβǰǰ㼱٣Ŵ˱ǣͷŮУһ
û˫ָǰŵסŮ飬ֻỬдӲ䲻ŮȴŮеɫۡ
½ɫԽ󣬱ϢԽԽҸɴ§סվȻһ˴ϡ§Ǹһ󣬷ѹ¡ϵѾ߸𣬶Ů˫ȼ͹𴦡
ǺþûˡſĶߣϢ˵
šҲ֪Ӧ̲ͣס
Hһ°ɡҼҧסĶȵϢ޳Ĳϣԭѩ׵ļӣɫ
½˫ȣĥţС˵ǻѧϰɡ
ôѧϰѽ˵գҽļѴŮǡ
š½̲סһ
һһϴӦHģˣŪŻҡ
Ű㿪Цġš~ 
òH
á
ʲô
H. 
Уһǵ÷㡣

Ҵץͷİó·˿½״͵Ȼ㡭ԭ׼ˡˣѽ
ҽƷǰ˶Ц˵ǳͷϷ˭ϴˣء
½üͷ㡭ôô̬ѽÿζҴ·òǡʲôɣ
˵͸ʲôˣǰ͡
~ Ҫʹϡ
Ҳ½Ťһԣ˫ֱأˣСƢ
֡㡣קקĸ첲
Ҳ봩~ ½Եúܲͷ
ˣÿζ봩봩֮˭ˣһҺ衣
һȥ
½׼´˫ŻûŵأֱҸ˻ȥϣ׺ݵ˵Уˣ㻹ܣղŶӦHˡ
½ңҲû˵·ѽ
ҺȻٴһǺü¶ûˣˣȵһζһʲôʱˡҵѹĺܴҷһ£òã
½ңŰΣ˵һΡ
һΣ֤һΡ
ҼӦˣæ·Ьǰ½һѿһ죺治֪ôáֱħ
ЦƤЦ˵ʵ㴩·ҲУĸħҲԵġ
½߸Ьͷһ£ȻվͬůһֻʣһۺɫŮڿ㡣ɫ˿࣬׼ﴩͻȻͣ˵ҪڿҲ˰ɡʡ鷳
½һֽۣڿ۵ŮҵǰΪıȽݣҲôмһۺɫϸ죬һЩĺɫëķǳɾࡣ
½ڴߣƽҽڣԽż⴦Ͼ棬ֱСȴȻͬš
ۿŮ˿࣬ϲĻˡֻɫ˿ϸ۵СȣϥǴȻŮվ߬סԵȽϾţֱСŮȫС
о˿Ƶɫ˿࣬⻬͸Ůϸ޳ȣ͸ѩļɫ˿£֣ɲӺǴȫڿ㣬ɫëԾϡɼ
ƭ½˿࣬ѡĶǺɫɫ͸ɫ˿໹ǵһΡҵĸй֪ɫ˿һȽʺϳŮԣĴŮŮԵζĸᣬׯִһ˿ԸС
½崿ŮϣȻһֺ΢ĸоͬ˿ŮԸУҲǰ˿Ŀɰһ˵ĸоȴ쳣嶯
½ĺɫװףҪϴͻȻһ뷨æֹ½ɻĿң˵ȵȵȣȲҪһ
㲻Ҵ·𣿡
ͷ˵ҾŰɣǿԼϲ£Ҳ̫á
㵽ʲô˼
㲻ϲˡ
½ͷŪװϵĿӣŤ˵ʵɣҲǿȡһ·һҲûʲô¡
ҽװ˹ȻԭŵУ½һ㶣ʲô߰
ǸߡҾţ㻹ǴУˡ
½ңʲô˼˵ûŮζֻ䴩У𣿡
ĶȥˣҾϾǸŮ崿ͻƣ㴩ȹС·ĸо
½С죺˵˵ȥûŮζ
ûС㴩·ģͻȻˣ½½ص㣬ûҪ˵ӡ
½ŽɵĿңԥƬ̣УϣȻ˫߬סڣ׼æֹ˵ͱˣҾͦõġ
½Ű׵˶Уֻһ˿࣬ԸеĽϣһǿҵķУȴָˡ
ϰʱģȻܱȴҲȫ͸ϸŮϣʵСִδйĸо߸𣬼֮ûԵʣӲķ͡
½еɬ֮䣬˵ое֣쬵ġ
æ˵ܺãоܰڸУϣӣţա
ҲҪǸ˿ˣඪѽ
ôû治Ƕϧѽҵܻûˣ˻ֻ̫ͣ½ֻˡ
ֻģҪҪ㡣һ˵ţһ߾ĿǰһţȻһЧƬŮֱ桢ɬԸؽһ
½ҵ֮£ԥƬ̣ϣǰ죬ҹڴǰҺýǶȣɫ˿ڵСѾԼϸ޳Ůȣչֳ
ȻЬϴҪ¸㡣½ЩߣСתһԣ˫ڵᱡɫ˿ڵϸȰһ𣬽Ҫס䲿λⲻ֪ȴӳջЩԴ󷢡
ҹӰʦ񫣬˼֮󣬸оЩ̲סˣ㽫˯¶ѼӲӲֱ½˫֮䣬ɫ࣬۵Ůϡ
˫½˿Σ˿Ħϸ΢ɳɳȻ˿ܹ࣬ظоŮ뽿ۣԼʪ𤻬С
һ֮ҽŮ˿ȿڼͷֻӯ㱳廬ƺеԣ⻬ۣᱡɫ˿ܹ࣬ؿֺĲ£һĴֺԲֺֺϸͣ˿ɳ£Բɰ
֪ΪʲôҾȻɫ˿ԣץŮ㣬ģӶ⴦ᱡɫ˿̰࣬ۻŮ㣬ǳ˺ɶɵζ̼ҵıǹµ
Ұβסеһ£½Ǵһ㣬Ҫųأȴ߬סɵֵ̬ѽ
û㣬ֱĴһڣȻСԲֺУɫ˿˱½΢΢һֺܵſ˿Ľء
ͷɫ˿ֺ࣬䶺ȤƵŪţҧס˿࣬
½ߺ죬ҧָεεֵʲôʱô̬ѽ
û˿Сţ㱳ţɫ˿һˮաĽŵЩʪ󣬿ǽŵԵʣҽĴһƷζŮ㡣
ŪƬ֮ץֻѾڿ䣬Ĳ£סʵ˻˶Ľģ˿༷ѹӲÿһ£˿Ħᷢɳɳ죬ͬѨһ㣬䶯šΪ۷ڳӨˮΣɫ˿ϣһƬʹ졣
½ߺ죬Ӳڴϣ̧𲱾ҧ´һĿҡ
жѻĺܿ죬Ҹое̲סˣſŮ˿Сţǰһˣѹ½ϡ϶¸ֻСߵͨ죬ڿڣǻȵϢظϸ˿ȽҵϣʶĦš
ˡҴŴ˵
š½ص˵ͷ
ֱӣɫ˿༸ŵ͸ûдڿ㣬۷ɼëʮֵۡ
ҽַŮ䣬˿ӣƵ½ƵĽ΢üͷ΢΢¶һѵĿɰ飬ټϵĸУҼͬԣһѨӿ˿ɲȾһƪˮգ˵ŮȻ顣
ҸоѾ˼ޣӲķͣ뽫˿ɲ˺һӣϾ˿࣬ҪǱʧ϶ԥĻɵҵͷ˵ġ
û취ֻ˶Σ߬סڣק½ϵ̧һΣ౻˳ʵ˴ȸ
ҽϸ˿Ȳһһ̧ͬʱǰ㣬ɫ˿СѾҵؿϣѨȻ¶֭Һ˸˵Ĺ
ĴָŸ߸ļӲѹڰ۵ϣ˶ͺĹͷĦŷ۵ŮҪ½ȻһͣɻĿӵ˵ӡ
ŷӦü˵ûС˰ɡ
½ңԥԥĽ˿ڴͳһݸҡ
һ㶣ѾͷȻбû׵¶뵽ˡ
ҽ˹̲סЦ˳½ˣɴŤһԣЦ
ҽϣ¶ϣһ㼷ŢŮѨ죬Ȼһͣͷ·֬һ㣬˽խѨڡ
½ˮĴ۾סŵҡѨؽʲŹͷ䶯ţˬʹһ£һ͵ǰͦͷ࿪۵ŮѨǻݺݵضڽ۵ӹϡ
~ 
½͵һ˿΢΢ţＷһƿĽ
ûн½Ѩøխˣеñ飬̲סʵôô
½˵һ죬˵͡ǽѽ
˿ұסŮ˿ȣʼĳ鶯Ѩ֭Һߴߴͷδεףײġ½üͷ壬˫߬Ťҵĳ壬ÿһ£Ӿһ¡
š߰šš
½Сѩ׵Ĳ಻ϡ
һ˼ʮ£ϸ˿ȣڼͷ΢΢ǰ㣬ѹŮһHײġžž졣
šѽ̫ˡ̫ˡ
½üͷ壬С΢ţ˫ֵҵؿڣܵš
ҲûˣҲУɫĴ̼ңԽԽͣԽԽ죬Ŵʵ㲻𣿡
ššе㡭šܲˡ
Խô˵ҾԽǰ㣬Ĵѹؿϣɲë֯һ϶£ֱ壬Բɰ˿СűҿڼϣҡΡ
ôʱ䡭ûбҸɣ벻룿һ߸һߴŴʵ
ššѽ
Խ꣬½üͷ˫ֽرסҵСƨҵĳһ̧һ̧ģȴʼղϻشҵ⡣
˵벻룿ҽһͦͷѹס⣬һꡣ
~ 롭ᡭͣһ¡
½һġ
ʲôʱҸᱡ⻬˿ȣʼ塣
ѧУšҲ롭
ʲô
š㡭Hźߡ
ƽ㣬ôH
¡Ӱѧϰš
ǲ̲סˣ
ššѽһ㡭ᡭš͡
ǲǣҴ䣬˳ȣžž֮ڷڻصš
ǡǡ𡭡šŰ㡭š㡭
½Hüͷͨ죬䶯ţһܵС
ʱֹͣ˳壬һЩϢĻᣬȻƨɣҪһ½飬ϵſ˴ϣУԵʮӷףȴ͸ഺ棬⻬͸ɫ˿ڴȴԲ۵Сƨ𣬿ѨʪʪŢһƬ
ץֻ˿СḧţۣƲɳɳ죬̼ҵĶĤ
ҷԽԽ̬ˡ½СĸſڴϣϢ˵
ǻһֱHұġ
ҵһĽǶȣͷѨϣڡһ¶Ѩڡ
~ 
½һֻһ룬ǻͿʱ䶯ѹˡȮһ㣬ſϣСѨڷɿĽ
ššŰ
½˫ְڴϣͷҧ´ԺβҡΣ˿衣
ҵ˫˿ظţʹĻ贩ɫ࣬ſڴϣŷԲҸɣǸһʲôѽ
һͷһҴһϽ˦ΪлңӴͦѨڷͷδεףײ۵ӹġ
ҪϿж֮ʱͻȻһұܵΪˣŵҲȥ
ͣ˾䣺˭
磬ң㿪š
һԭǱˣ˿һ»ָHɣһ߶һ
жˣ㿪һ¡
æһ
һ˵һײ̵ͦŮԲΣ½֧죬ԼʱĻͷңʾͣ¡
ѽ~ æʲôѽ㿪һ
˵æôô¶ѽ
˫ְѩ׽µ⣬ӿHٶȣʱ֭ĽѨ⾷Σ½˫죬Ծ©ء
㻹Ҫð
ˣˣ
˵Ƕѽ
ϣϣ
ڱĴߴ£ͦѨһ͸ɣײ½ҲѨһҾΣҺӿҲͲס͵ضѨҺӿ
Ҫð
~ ˡ
ˣʲô

йƤһſ½ϡ
2.8
ʰϣ򿪷ʱѾȵúܲͷˣС죬мģԿһһµǽҺʵôôòſѽ˰졣
ұЩ꣺ôô۶ѽɳֻҪſڡ
˭֪ôòſšƿߣ½ҲڣЩ⣺ѽɩҲѽ
š½ով߳ϺδȥԵЩ˼
ſϷҶƼձ½ɫ˿࣬ƵһۡæǰһѶ˹ʵ㵽ʲôѽ
ͼ鿨ͷ˿࣬һĺɡ
Ҹ½ոŴϷƸ꣬²ΪΣҽƵһߣҵķڴҵһͼ鿨ơ
һһ߻ͷʵǸղʲôأ
ѧϰ˵֮󣬡须һϡ
½ڴϣ̾һԹÿζ
ԴǸ˵Сӣ¡ǡѧɡ
½һ࣬˴ϣ˵ѧʲôѽӶɢˡ
ҲǸղŸɵЩ̫ˣ½С廹ܲˡЩⲻȥߣЦ˵㰴ĦĦ𣿡
~ ½ſڴϣ˫۽գ߽
ʱֱ졣
Ҳͷʵҵˣ㻹Ҫʲôѽ
磬¸˵һ¡
ãػŵˡ
½һʵǸҰã
ҵ˵ͷšֻŵӿűߣʲô¶
ŵû˵ȴ޵ΪʲôҪôʱ䣬ϾͿѽ
һʱ䲻֪ôֻܺ˾䣺ұ죡ȻŰŵ˵
ϰ˵粻ˣԼ취Է׷ȥЩ𣿡
һͷ½һۣͷ˵аɡ
ŵʱ￴һۣЦ˵ɩӰɣǼġ˵գ˻֡
½æֱӣ⡣ŵߺ˿ҲɵЦʲôѽ
Ϊ㣬˴ħڿ﷢š
ĿѾﵽˣӦʵˡס֣˵һȥˣ԰ɡ
½룬ͬˣһݣһͬ¥
ڳʱ½Ȼʵ˵ĿѾﵽˣʲôĿѽ
𣿵ȻҪиѽһһڻص
ô𣿡
ʲô˼һͷʵ
šоĿûôܾҡ
ʲôĿģҪ𣬰ǼҲˣ
ҾͲ֪ˣֱֻңûô򵥡
ʲôֱ
Ů˵ֱ½ͦͦأԺ˵
ЦôŮ˵ֱңܲܿ廪
ҲҪֱܻش㣬ܵġ
ҲǶ棬ļҲû¶ʵ˵ҲеȻŵСּͥͦģԣʵЩ˷Ĳ£Գﻹ¼͸ʱըһ˵͸ˡ
ش׷ѾˣС¶֣˼ˡ½еʮ־ȣʵʲôʱѧ᳴ˣ
Ұѧġ
½ҵļһЦ
ʵʲô˼
軹˵ѧһЩأˡ
Ҿ˵Ķԣ㻹ǶѧһɣҪһ޲ȥˣҲڶ
Ӧ䣬½̧ƨһš
ʢõһ룬׼ͳȥʱסˣŮͬʱңٴЩĿ⡣Ҷ룬ɨһȦһʱ䲻֪ȸ˭ˡ
ɿת½ǿˣ˵Ӧȸģ϶ᱻ˵ɫãȸŵһˣȸŵϲ˵Ͳһôˡ
ԥƬ̣ԼǰŮɿңһŸʲôѽԼʢѽҪźѽ
ŮſʼʢȻ緹밲ŵȽϽۼֿ죬õСӣس˻ΣŵûʲôӦȴﳤ̾һٷҪԵķѾˡ
Ȼʢ극˭Ҳû˵ˣײ죬ЩΡƬ֮½ûһ˾䣺˳治ѽ
ǾͶԵ㡣вˣû뵽ŵĿײһԥһ£˻ȥЩ˼½һЩȻ氲ŵһЩ
±ˣݵҵǰҰһۣԼûѽ
Ҳѽġ
̾˿һЩԵ㣬Ե㡣
ŵЦ˵磬㳴óԡ
һûǻ˵˾䣺óʲôѽ̲ġ
һ£Ĳָ˳ʲôѽ
㲻Ӳ׷ˡ
Ҳֻ׷ѽְѲ˸˻죺ҪڼҾͺˣͲ˳㳴̲ˡ
½ʵȥĶ
˾üˡһһ䡣
½ҧſӣʵǲӲ̫ѽ
е㲻ãθء
Ŷѹء̸˵ҪȥҽԺһ¡
Ťͷʲôʱ򣿡
üˣӦǰ̳ǰ¶ɡ
ͻȻ˼ϵǸΣҲ֪ôģĪһ˿ܲĸоʲô飬ûʶġ
˼֮ʱŵͻȻ˵磬м㡣
ʲô£
һؼһЩ·ɡ
Ŷȥá
вУ˵˵һȥͼݵġ
һ㶣Ƶʵʲôʱ˵õģ
ոհ
ոʲôʱ򣿡
ովǡ˸Сʱǰɡ
˸Сʱǰ˯أ˵õѽ
ǰɡ
ˡ
ͷСֹţ˼¶ϴӦҳȥʹСеġ
ҿЦõĿ˵Сô£˵᲻ģӵĴѽ
˭Դˡ~ ǱҴ£оڣһۣҳ˭ĴףĴװˡ
ͻȻźЦⶺǲǾżһˣõλòˣˣҲ˸ãǽˡ
ߵһ˵˾䣺˭ϡ
˵㣬ϸˣôСƢѽ
һۣ˼ҾСӣҪܣ
̲סЦаɣҲ⡣ǰǼСһȫ˶㡣ͻȻֶ˸ã϶ˡ
Ǳ˵£ĵ˲ϣȦģȥˡ
½бۿңЦ湻ûġ
ЩЦãͿСЦҲû˵ʲôѽ
ʳ޲֪ѽ㻰࣡
ã˭ܽˡ
ŵڶ棬ɵĵͷԷʼû˵һ仰̾˿ң˵ӣý˵Ŀ
콲İһ޸ԼŮڼұӣӺŮ裬ҩɱ
½ߵ⵱治ˡ
ͣȷʵˣȻԼŮ֡˵֮ҺȻ飬ҲԼĸˣʲôأ
ޡ½ҧ˾䡣
˼֮У붼û룬Ÿͣԣޡ˵һ£Ťͷ˭أ
½Ҳˣָŵ˵ѽ
ŶŶŶԣޡ
ҸЦΣİŵֻͷſӣֹͣһһ
ʵôˣ
ŵѹЦЦûʲô
šȻҾе㷴˵Ҳʡһת˵Ȼȥ·
ⱱȥͼݰɡ·¶ͷ˵ɡ
ŶУʱˣҰȥ
緹Լ㱱ȥͼݣȴˣСԣ˫ֱأڴߣ˵ʲôҲߡ˵˵һѽкУ˼š
½Ҫؼҵģ˵ؼҲѧϰһȥͼݣΧҪȼЩ½룬Ҳȥˡ
ͼһֱصʱķ֣边Ȼˡ
Ҳ֪Ϊʲôղ裬ȻЩƿҷţڴߣüͷ۾ֱ㶵ǰݲ԰㲣Ǵ󲡳һ㡣
Ұۣ˹ȥСʵ裬ʲôʱģ
û˵ûһۡ
裬ɫ̫ãǲӻأ
ޱ飬˵˾䣺ȥ
ԥƬ̣˵裬Ҫٸɡ
ȥɱ䡣
̬ҼȺί˵ʲôںקקҵĸ첲˳ȥʵ赽ôˣһ˲ô˻Ƶġ
á
ô˵飬Լ̬ȵת䣬ĸеһ˿Ǹ֮󣬾һµͷǻҲȥ룬Ҳȷϣ̬ȣȴƫƫӡ֤Ǹµͷ
صңҴ㶵ǰһһĻ飬Ż£Īıŭذ˵ҪȥҽԺЩԽԽ¡Ҿ޲ˡ
Դӻ֮һֱԼڷɱͽȥġֲ¿϶ȥģе㺦ˡ
ҵɱռţҹڿɳϣȥôҲ˯šڶҲû˼ѧϰɴȥŵ·
Կǰŵҵģ򿪷ţһɳʪùζ˱ǶϷûס첻ͨͻˡҲû˼²۱Թķ¹﷭˼·׼뿪ȴԿת
ˣ뵽ǰŵҲˣ漴㽫뷨ƷԿˣԼԼˡ
Ƭ֮󣬴Ŵ򿪣һʮˣ۾ģҺҲһ㶣ܵһصңʵ˭ôģ
Žġһ˻ҪԿס
Կ״Ķģǣ˭ѽ
ǡҹǰŵĴ󲮣Ҫʵʵ˵Ȼŵû˵ǱߵļǷѾ֪ľû𣬶ȴʵ˵˳ͱˡ
أ㵽˭ѽԿ״Ķģ˴
ŵҵġ
ŵüͷɵĿңŵʲôϵԿ׸ʲôѽ
ǰŵѣˣҸ˼·
ˣЩ⣺أĶأ
˰ŵϵˣǰޱȵ񣬾һ·ӣҾ·ģȻظ绰ɡ
˵ߣæסȥ·һ£˵ߡȰѻ˵ˡ
˵ˣȻص绰ӲҪߣһѰסҵļ򣬴㰲ŵĶأ
ҲˣҲ֪ɿ
Сӣʲôѽôţ㻹ѽ
ҲԸͷӲⴳһƣ˼һˣĴͷĳ˹ȥ
СʱɳϹ˲ʣҲûֵʲôˡһʼҲ֣һŵϵˣͲһ͸˴һˣͦͣһͲʲô֮ھӱ˾Ǿͱɳ
һˣŵұܵ㡣ϵǣȻûдҡ񾯵ĵ£ͰŵĴ󲮴˺ͽ⡣뿪ɳǰŵѯʰŵ䣬ؿһۣ˵㰲ŵϵ㡣
ϳ֮ѵңԸʹϣۡСֿѽ
һۣû˵ַҺٺЦ磬һ仰Сƨҷһ
һ˴ܣǲǾرˬѽ
ûҲûܣȶֵġ
û˵ĿϱĮֿʼĥ飬̲סʵ裬ǰĶȥ˰
üͷ΢壬Ťͷһۣʲô
岻ãԵĲãθַˡ
Լѧϰɡ
ұһͨ䣬첻ˡǰʱò׸Ĺϵֱͣӣؼһ֪ʲôԭɾˡ
ԭҪ̽һ£漴һ룬ôҪӵˣģڱҵƣֱ޵ݣҪ޸ĸ֮ѺۣǼǲܵˡ
ԣ²ǲģһȥ֤붼ȥ롣
δ˵ʵ첻˵ʲôأ
֮УһӾȻЩ·ڱ˸Ϲϰտ쵽ˣʲôء
һ쵽ЩеûеģúѧϰǸõˡ
죬û˵
ֲ˾䣺ЩӰ˵ģĶҷѧϰȥ
ŶҴӦһ˵
صҺ轫ŵе̸֪ЩʲôϹҲʣ۵ҡ˻һݺݵصһۣв
ʵָ˴ˣ
ڡšһЦһ̶аȥôһ͸˴һܡѵ˰ɣ㶼ˣۿ͸ø߿ˣܲе¶
Ҳˣһ쵽ˣе¶ɣգҲòμӸ߿ˡ
ҵѧϰɼأòġ
û˼죬Իȥˡ
Ͱŵʮӣ֪ЩʲôӦǸ󲮺йذɣû˵Ҳûʡ
ͻѧУȥˣû˸䣬˯ɳˡֻиҹڴϣӱƵķȥôҲ˯šΪһʱôĴĺ󻼣ÿ㹻ǿһŮˣͱˡ
һҹֲ迪ġֱ峿¶ģѧǰվǰ֣µ˵裬Ҿˡ
еƣʣʲôˣ
˵Ҫ廪
趢Ƭ̣䲻˵˾䣺ǾͿɡ
Ҽæ˵ģҪ廪һֱ˵û룬ûϽ¶ˣҪ廪һҪ廪
г徢Ǻ£ҲøԶмＸԼҪһЩ
Ȼô˵Լһ£Ķ֪Լжء˵ʵҲرҪ廪ֻķʽʾһڹľġ
ҿʼ׿һƴȫͶ뵽ѧϰϰ֮С
ҵ̬Ȼǲ䲻ȣҲ˲ôˣˣٶƤҲ޷ֺĸ֮ѺۣΨȡúóɼϺôѧ֤ҵĻڹľġ廪£ҿġ
һնֵĩڸϰоڿʣȥˮȵķ֣边Ȼվһԡ
裬ôһǹʲôʱҾȻûз֡
趢Ƭ̣ʵȦͦصģǲûϢã
аɣҲ̫ġȷʵȱ˯ߣʱһ˯ˡ
ѧϰҪҲӰˣòʧ
һҺûʲôͻȻĹģЩܳСƵͷЦ˵ˣҹͨϷ㲻ʲô
û˵վﶢҿҪתѧϰЩΣ̽Եʵ裬¶裿
Ƭ̣˵㲻˵Ҫϵ˴һ£ʡʦʷרҵͦġ
š
üʵôˣ
ϸ£ǶԿͦȤģҲֻҵȤ֮һҡһǾĽ飬ѧ̹
ôָıˣ
¶ɣͷֽҰ紵ɹģȤһͷˣ˵͸оˡϸһ£˻ǲʺѧо
ⷬƺҲûй˼ʵôѧ̹ˣ
Ӱɣڹ˾У绽ӣ˺ӣҲһΪһλŮǿˡ
һ㶡
ҸæĿڣǲǣΪһĸ߶ʿװġƤЬ߸ţͷ
һֿۣʼ˵˵ˡ
ŷӦæԼ죬ü̾ô͹ܲסءһ쵽ĺ˵˵
迴ԼԼҲûֹһʣÿѧУ𣿡
Ǹ˵廪ѽ
ΪڿЦЩ˵أϸģǹûУ
ѽҪΪ˿廪һ첻Ҫͷ裬ǲǾҲܿѽ
Ƭ̣˵£ӣֻҪѧϰһܿ廪ûʱˣѾǸ°ѧˣϾҪ߿ˣѧҵķôãĥǹĥĶѽǶʵһЩĿɡ
֪˵еѾţǼˣ͸ħһһҪ廪
裬˵öԣһһԣҪһɹأ
Ҫһʧأ
ʧ˸
Ҫ˻أ
Ǿһֱ
輱ˣǳӽأôҪ廪ˣ
Ҳ֪ΪʲôͷҲҪԴȡԭ£迪ģҲΪϵǴ𣬽еҳͷʲôֻжĿ꣬ͷǰҸеһЩ
裬ȰˣһҪ廪ġ軹˵ҰڰֵһҪϰأҪû¾ȳȥɡ
죬һ̾Ϣת뿪ҡҴƬ̣Ťͷϰ
һֽˣ˵ȱˣȥתһȦɡ
ţû˼
ıЩӣĮִһ˿ϧüͷ˵⿴鲻˶Ҳǲеģȥɢɢɹɹ̫
Ҳ˵ˣûôʱˡµͷд˾ӡ
㿼廪ںһʱġȥ
ȥ
Щ̾˿Ƭ֮󣬺Ȼʵʲôӣ
һ£˵졣
أ
С
ֵա
ŷӦ
ߵ㲻˵Ҫ׼أ
Щ˼Ÿϰˣˡ
Ҷ˸յ⣬ȥȡɡ
֪⣬ԥƬ̣˵ȥɣĳ鲻
Ӳ
һ㶣Ҳ֪˵Ǽ٣ͷʵĶ
û˵Ķ㵽ȥȥ
趼ѻ˵ݶˣεվͷ˵ȥȥȥϾȥ
վݸңȻ˵㲻æŻȡ˵ֱ֮ȥɡַҺ󣬽Ҹϳ˼š
ڲĵ㣬ʱ仹кܾãҲæȥȡ⡣Ŀĵڽй䣬оЩЦǰѧϰѵôѧϰˣȴֱ¥Ҳ֪Ϊҵ彡롣
ԽҾԽΡ
һֱ䵽룬ȥȡյ⣬ȻǰõķꡣϰգһЩͬ¸Ƕף˸ŵһŲ룬˼ͥ۲͡
ǵһģڰﱳ˵ʡһͱˡ컹ϿΣ٣迪ӹġ˰ᣬߵҵ˫ֳҵļһģһ~ 񾭲
ǰⲻҪһȫǸ߿ûʲôʺЦ
ұ鵭Įüô㣬˭Ƿ˰ٿǮƵġ
û˸λҲû˵ƲƲ죬ôһġһȦ˹ϵĵ⣬ɵ۷Ź⣬Ťͷʵ裬ܲȳһ飿
˵ֵյ⣬ֻûء
֪롭ܲףһ¡
費ͷֵ
Ķŵ⣬оˮˡҶ˵иСӣǸġ
иСӣһһһ˷ݵС⣬־ϲʵģ
רŸģҾ֪˵϶۲
ٺһЦллˣ񡭡硣
һ²۵ƽʱ񾭲˸ͳˡ
̲סЦ裬ȴͷתһԡҲ⣬Ц˵û񾭲˵硣˵꣬һĳ˵⡣
һϰִŰŵˡŵ࣬ѧȥˣѧ֮ϰ˳ӹġһˣҲ躮ѣԿϯˡ
ǰõĲͣһ֮󣬺ܿͽˡȲĽϣȻ˵ơ
һֳո裬ϰ˸ԸȻ󽫵ϵһ¿֮󣬱Цʵ֣ʲôԩ
ŵ˵˾䣺˵Ͳˡ
һۣҪ졣
ϰЦ˵Сϴѧѧϰŵŵ彡ǵ裬ģȫҺͺҸ
̲סЦǹ̰ĵģһôԸ
˵һһΣһ㰡˵Ҳû涨١
һԣȻ󵹾Ƶĵƣϵĵϣʽϯϰǽԡ
Ʊ˵ǰְֵģաǵİְ֣Ϊңҹͣææ⣬˵ޣûйҲп͡
ְҡͷЦ
ǵİְ֣ԸŰ壬ѭؾɣͨ飬ڵλô꣬û٣ҲûƣȲϱ˼ҵİְ֡ǡ軰һתϰ֣˵ûǰְֵ֧֣ûĹûǰְ֣СҪతٶٴ򣬱ҪٳԶʳŵŵҲΪǼͥһԱûǵİְ֣ңһļҡ
軺Ʊףǵİְտ֡
վһ˵ףְտ֡
ְֵĿϻɨĵĶϲ£ˡмˣ򸴺
Űְ֣˵Ϲףտ֡
һƱײ޶ӶЦϳҸ΢Цҵζӳ£ʹԼΪһʱЩǵļͥ
ҳüø첲ײһ£ʵôˣϰգüģ಻ѽ
ϰҲҵʵǲ岻ѽ
ûûûҸæ֣ϣ֣ףഺפףһһͷϡ
ϰִЦͬһ±ӣȻ󽫱а׾һ͵͵زȥֻɫ糣δΪҵףʶ
žٱ˵֣ףнգн񳯡ԸһӵСް
ϰֿĵͬ۾ƺ˸⡣
һֱɵһԵİŵվٱ˵֣ĺܿҰ֣ҲܿĴܹң¸ܵ˼ͥů
ŵŵϰֺ𲻿ĵ£Ҫ
ŵ˵ǶǺˣˣļˣܿġ֣ף³ɣҸԶ
ϰͬһ±˵ŵŵǶһˣôġ
šŵ˵ͷҪ£Ȼʲô˵֣ựȻ֪һϲһҪϲǡ
Ǵұһͷˮ΢ЦҵȻֲԤУҪֹЦ˵ϲбˡ
2.9
ϲбˡ
ô赭дһ仰һ㣬ֱ졣ٿ裬Щ⧲ĸоɫɷףǲסĳ鴤š
ϰһãȻʵʲô˼бˣ
˵ȥһӣŵ˵
ϰŤͷңʵ˵ʲô
Ťͷһۣ˫ĿԲŭңؿھʶԼ˵ˣæͣҡҡ˵˵ûһ滰
ϰֵһۣô˵õûȻŤͷʰŵô¶
ŵһķʵư̲ǻǲбѽҲŹϲǵѽ
У㰢̻ˣϰֽͷת裬ãȻʵ㻳ˣ
˫ۣ΢΢ĲţòɤӣװһЦӣһˣô֪
ϰɶĺУȫͷˡ跴ʰŵ˭˵һˣ
ŵգŴ۾һ޹˵Ҳµġ
µģ
ǰǰʱ䰢̲ҿ̵ĿڴһɫϰҾͺһ£а
аϰֲʵ
԰Ҳˡ
ϰŤͷңҸæ֣ûϹ˵
ϰת裬ʵаʲô
һƽ˵аʲôˡ
ûУ
ԵЩͷü˵Ƕ೤ʱûǡһС
ϰ죬û˵ŤͷŰŵƺѯɡŵգŴ۾һ޹˵ǿǡҿ˰ɡ~ ǰ׸һˣһΪҪء
ǹģǹģ½˵ĹȻûһʼûģĺԼˣΪʲôң
ϰֽƬ̣˻ȥ齩ӲЦЦǰ׿һԷɳԷɡ
Ȼô˵ķӦЩ쳣Ҷܿóϰֿ϶Ѿ˻ɡ
һãȻ֪ʲôƵģ󿴿ҳɵ裺滳ˣ
ϴһƣԴһԹ޵Ŀңң
Է˵
ĽŤһԡ
뵹˳֮Уֻаŵڼвˡ͵͵һԵ裬򶨣ַϥϣճȭ΢΢Ĳš
ԥ˰죬˹ȥס֣ҪһЩοȴ˳
ܿģָֻ˳̬ƱЦŶԴ˵һᣬǿջϲˡףǰְտְɡ
Ƿ׷׶ӣףϰտ֡ϰЦŻؾϵЦѾղŴͬˡ
ϰֵɶԣֲϲεĵнˣյⶼûôԡ
ؼҺϰּװʲô¶ûɳϿӣһѧϰһеһУƺûʲôͬȴһֺ΢ĸо
ص֮ҳû˱ңŵڴߣͷֻһѽקݺݵصʵ㵽ʲôѽ
ŵСԴһ˵ʲôӣʵʲôֻ𣿡
ҵŭ𣺡ٸװ⣡Ϸʱ˵ǻʲô˼
˵ʲôˣŵװͿ漴һȻı飺Ŷ~ ˵ҹϲϰֺư¶ѽǲһΪưֻСأԲŹϲǵѽ
ڸϷҼģһʱ֮䣬ֲ֪ηҼӣЦʵҶ˵ˣҲµġҲ´ˣͿջϲһ˽㣬Ҳʧѽ
ʧƨһ֮£ѿû¶ɣʲôã軳иʲô
ŵں˵˾䣺¡
㡭
ҸҪ𣬷졣һȶһת򿪷ţԭΪŵϰ֣û뵽վŵľȻ衣
㲻ѧϰݴСеĸʲôأһõѵ
ûʲô䡣
ݿȥ
ҵͷ߾صԼķ
ʱڼסһҵķ䣬ſڴϣͷֻֻѩСѾڰգһһεģС
ǰһţĶ˼ѧϰȻŤͷʵŵΪʲô˵軳ˣ
ô֪ϹҲµ¡
Ҿǹġ
һҵȻ֪Ѿͷǹģͦ汱뷨ģʵôģ
Ʋ죬ߵҾƻ۰Ĺϵ
ôƻģ
Ҳ֪ҾôŵģҲﵽԤڵЧѽ㿴۰ǷӦ°Ͷˡ۰˱С۶ǵǰʱ䣬Ƭ¶ɣǲ˹۰˵ͣһ£ȻЩƬòǰŵĵİɣ
֪Ƭ¼ĺչҲû˼⣬˰֣˵ôѽУСӸϽ˯ɣһ쵽Ϲˡ
㲻ҲСô˯
̾˿Уȥ˯ҸϰҲμӸ߿
ߺһЦ˰ɡ
ǰʼͷʼɶϷ顣˵ûѾͷô϶ûģҪƻϰֺĹϵ
ǰʱ·Ӧֵ˺аĶ˲ˡҶԾˣĸƵģ϶ͷˣֻһֱᣬȫ˵棬˳
ԣĻˣô֪Ӳϰֵأ
ҵͷ˼Ƭ̣ȻˣǷ֮У϶ڼͥϹˡϰִͷβһ֪ӣټڵΪ˲޶˵롣ֻҪ軳еڴǰǼ٣ϰֲɵġ
ѾͷΪǺͱ˺ӣҲ籱˵ЩƬѾͷĵģٲȻεʱ˵©죬֪Һ飿
ͷһŵҺëһ亹룬ҪǱŵ֪ˣҾĺˡ
ҼȺְûڣƴôԼͷƵʵʲôأ
ûţҪҰŵһģ̽̽ڷ硣ҪƿķʱͻȻ뵽Ѿͷĺܣû׳ĻٰҵĻ׳ˡ
ңϸ룬ﺰ֣ҲֻΪĸѣ֪Һġû¶¶̸ƳʲôǿŪɳ׾ˡ
ԥһ£ʱɡ趼ûھ͸ܼˣæûϣҡ
ȥ̸һ̸һʱ̫ˣ¶Ҳû̸û̸
ϰֿɫ糣ڿɳϿ˻ӣϴһ˯ȥˡҹɳϣ˼룬ôҲ˯žŶ䣬ϸݵĶϰֺûгܡһ϶ģֱʱ֣ҲԺ˻Ȼȥѧˡ
ǰһ˼뿼廪ȫϵ飬ϰֺìܣѧȥˡ
Ϸѧؼңվشһ¼ĶͦģŻЬ˽ȥϰֻûѧУˣŵԼڳ
ҷԥƬ̣߽˳вˣߵԣСʵ裬ҪҰæ𣿡
Ťͷһۣ˵˾䣺òæݿȥɡ
ҼҲû̫ı仯׼ת뿪ȴסˡɻͣĲ˵Ťͷңʵ㶼ŵ˵ʲôˣ
ʲôҲû˵ѽ
ǰŵΪʲô˵һˣ
ıӣͷü˵Ϲ˵İɡô֪ˡǲǣҵ˼ǣĻˣҲûȷе֤ѽֻϹµġ
ۼüͷһ˫۽ɢź⣬ҸоԼԽԽˣæ졣
Ƭ֮Ȼʵϵ¶û˵ɣ
ϣɵ˾䣬漴ӦæĿڣûûûôܸ˵ء
趢ңĬ֮ҧأ˵Ҫ֪ˣûˡҸɴ౧¥ˡ˵˵գĲ˵ݺݶ˰ϣŵʹһ顣
ֱ䵽˼㣬糹Ǻæ˵᲻ᣬԲᡣ
辯֮󣬸ϳ˳Ҳ֪ôģͻȻָоһϵˣͬһ¹شܣﾹȻоеġ
漴뵽˰ŵҺ鱻֪ˣĲ롣˺裬ֻܱһ¥ˡ
ְӦֻ꣬һֻǾ֮һϳԷͱ쳣ˡԣĬĬԷֻеӻ
Ҳʱ͵͵ŰŵѾͷɫ糣ʲô¶ûһúܣѾԭα¶ˣҪ֮ͥУҪҡ
ؼǣﻹһöʱըʱұҪ취ŵС
ϰֵʮһŻȵġҸһϰģһֱǿԼûһͷԵ˴ϡ
ûбԹ׼ϰЬϰ͵һץס첲۾ֱضĸƨƣҲû˵
̲סʵôˣܣ£
㡭ˡ˵꣬ϰִ˸á
ʲôѽһ˵ţһ뽫ϰְشϣϰ־ţﻹ˵ţ㡭桭ûˣΪʲôΪΪʲôҡ㡣
ͷһۣû¶ˣݿȥɡ
ҡšһתߣֹʱϰ˻ǲǻˣ
ûУڴϡ
ź󣬻ϰֺĽкұŵķ̸̸ԥƬ֮󣬻ǷˣЩһ仰˵
峿ϰ־֮һߣһ߳ͣһ߿ֻ糣ȫƵġɫЩ㲣˯Ӧòرá
ԷʱҲûʲô֮ϰϰ࣬ѧѧټҲû˵ȫûյĺг
ļ죬ϰҹ飬ȵÿλֳֺ֡ȰûаԹԡ
ϰС֪費죬ᱳ̲סǷ롣ĸһʱǽⲻˡ
Ҫֲ֪ͣǺãξңҪ¡
ѧҸոմ򿪼ţﴫϰֵ
˵ɣǰʱ㵽Ķȥˣ
糣ĻصѾ˵ܶˣȥˡ
һ飬㵽Ķȥˣ
Ѿ˵ܶˣҳȥˡŵĻҵͬ¡ֻ㣬СܣС򡣡
ҲʣһͬºƭңΪҲ֪ǹ˾ˣ˼ұ˵һڵļ٣ѹûϰ࣡
֪ʲôѽЩˡ
Ϊ֪¥¶˼Ŷ壡
û˵һЬĵ˹ȥ˳ŷƣֻϰڵȥڴߣһݡ
˵ɣ㵽ȥĶˣϰֺȻͣʵ
ͷƬ֮󣬲ͷ˵˾䣺鲻ãȥˡ
մӹλȥΣôаϰŭʵ˭һȥģ
Լ
 Լƭ˭أ˶ɵˣǰɣϰҧʵǲǻˣ
ûС
ǼǲȥҽԺ̥ˣ
ûУ
УҲҸҵҽԺȥ
죬û˵תһԡϰֺߵһɬЦ˰ɣ
̫Ѩվߣϰָ
˵ɣ⺢˭ģ
ûкӣ賯ϰֺ
ӱˣȻûˣϰֶͷ𣬳ŭ
񾭲ӲҪߣȴϰһקס첲˦˼£û˦ѣŤͷ˵֣Ҫȥ
ҲҸȥҽԺ飿ϰָŷȴķվڹƣĺʲôأȥ˵꣬첽Źϡ
վ⣬ͦڸĸܲζҪȥȰ⣬Ҹ棬ջǷˡתңŵſţȥֻڴߣͷֻԵãﻹŻɡ
һ˵ܵ⣿
ʲôŵ͵̧ͷһɻʵʲô
ҰݳܣһҲ⣿
ҸҪ⣿˵ţЦȻˡ
ȥһ⣬סˣۡһϡ
ϰֺ賳ĺܼңҵķ䶼ĵҲû˰ŵ֮⣬ҶﶼһҲû˼ˡ
һصˤΪ뿪˼ңȥһƣߵľȻϰ֡
ڴߣؿھΪնЩ졣ŵ˹ȥСʵ裬û¶ɣ
̧ͷһۣĮ˵û¡ȻߡΪҲҪߣܵʵ裬ȥĶ
عͷͷ˵˾䣺
ϲ쵽ʮʱǰžӣȴŸζԸŵѾͷѾԭα¶ˣԲʹֵģұٴ˺ǰ취ֹҡǿ须ƵȻⶫûУǸδ֪ĴڣҪںʵʱƺҲϴˡ
ҲɵøеһҴСҸоôһСѾͷƬӣȻһҲûˡ
ҿ˼ڤ֮ʱﴫӦϰֻˡԥһ£ıʣ߳˷䡣
ϰֺȵģҡҡλεߣҸæǰæȴϰһƿָ裬ﺬʵ㡭˵ӵ˭ģǳܵģǡǸܵģ
˵˵ʲôѽüͷһ壬ŭ
ҸϽǰȰ֣ʲʣҸˮɣ
𿪣ϰٶȽƿȻָ˵ǡܲܡҵġӰɣ
ʲôӣûкӣ˵˵ˣȥֱ˿
ҡ㣡㡭ҵɵӡûˣͻȻ˺ӣҵģ
дίߺޣҧأؿھϰ֣û˵ʵ裬ǰȥҪ˵ȴһŭ𣺡죡û¶ȥ
֪һС˵죬ϵ˵˳죬˵һԡ
ϰִ㺰ʲô𣿡ҡҡλΣָʣ㡭㡭ҲҷģûУ
˫ֱأ۾ͨ죬Ϣأſڣȴֹͷתһԡ
û˵˰ɡϰַһЦӶᣬһƨ˵ϣȻصĿҲʮֵĿҸеһƵۣûڲѡ
Һȥϰ֣ûоܾǷ֮󣬺Ȼץס󣬿˵Сƣ˵ô£˵ˡ˵㡣ǲǡ۸ˣ㡭Ըġ
۾ˮȴǿŲڱϢתһԣٿϰ֡
˵ϰͻȻ
ʵ˵˾䣺ˡ
ϰѪ죬ˮ˻ߵĴһҹͬʱ˫һӣĴ衣
֪ǺεȵίⲻĴȴ޷¶ʵԡŶͷƬ̣·תȥҸæ׷ǰʵ裬ȥĶ
ЬҲûһۣ˵˾䣺չ֡ȻҲƵ뿪˼ҡҪ׷ȥߣףڣֻӵʹࡣ
صŰְֶڴϣһϰ˰뱲ӵϺˣȴΪԼӵһʱ̰÷ѣǱԭ޷֪
תһĥʮǰҲϰһʱûס˹죬ŵһЩϵе顣ѭѽ
ϰߣһҹ峿ϰٴʱֱǸȹŰˡӦüǵʲôûгȥѰ裬ʶûһ䡣
ѧУ½Ƿȥˣ½˵ûСһ죬Ҷȥѹû˼ѧϰϻصңһˣûһֲֻ̻ӡƽڼ˵ңʱҲֻʣ°̾ˡ
ôججĹһڣҴͷɥĻصСſʱŵſԴ֮Ҿûٸ˵ȻѾûʲôˣȴסڼﲻߡ
Ӱŵ߾ŵȻ׷Ц˵ڱؼҡ
һͷһۣΪʲôȴֲŵҲûӣЦ˵ˣڸ۰̸ء
̸У̸ʲô̲סʵ
ŵЦ˵ҾͲ֪ˡǷּҰ鰡֮İɡ
û˵꣬ɱؼҡֻϰֺڿɳϣͷϱ䣬˭Ҳ˭ǰ輸ϰһű
裬ˡʱûм裬ҵǼǵġ
һۣûпһѯ״ϰֵһһԼȥû취ֻܻصԼķ䣬ȴŴһ죬䣬͵͵Ķ
һļž
ιϰͻȻ˵˰ɡ
ãصûжԲ㡣
ʵʵ˵ô£Ǻ˭ģ
û취㡣ұ֤ҾûԲ¡
㲻˵ʵô㣿
û˵
һĬ֮ϰٶȿڣ˵Ҫô˵ʵҺ˭ġҪô顣
軹˵
ϰּˣ㵽ʲô֮ô㶼ңô𣿡
Ҳǲ㣬ֻ¡
ˣ˵ˡϰִĻ˵Ȼ㲻ԸңǾ˰ɡ
Ϲ
Ϲ
һƽһ˵侲һ£ȱ̸¶
㡣ϰ߽ң须һˤϡ
ڻָ˳ԥƬ̣ŵ˳ȥֻɳԵһĮ
ĵغһ衣
ƳһۣûҡһǸ˵裬Բ𡣶Һ
̾˿Ťͷʵѧϰô
аɡĿƬ̣Ŀ˵رá߰¶û취о񡣡
ĬΣƽ͵˵߿ҪһοԣҲеһת۵㡣ܴ֪˲֪֤߿֤˿ĵĻᡣ
šҵ˵ͷ
˵ЩʱǺܲͷģ֪Ҳŷ֣ΪҺá
ˣҲҪˣֻҪȫȫӭս߿ͿˡվĳĶ˵˴£µǹģһٴӣŸոտʼͰɡ
Ҽģ߳˼š
ҵۿЩʪ󣬲֪ݴʱ飬˵ôȴδ롣˵öԣдܸģɷûʱ䷳ˡ
Ҳ֪ȥĶˣˣҲҡĻҺܴĹص˸֮С
ҹڷʱյһϢȻ跢ģһСʱȥƳƵ
ӦĽѿ֮ƣʰһ£ǰĿĵءһͼͬǴӷ˳
ɫСװһȹᱡĺɫ˿޳ȳƵȣһ˫ɫƤͷ߸Ь˳Ů˵֪ԸС
ֻȵеˣôߵĸ߸Ь·ҡҡλΣһҡҡ׹ӡæǰû߽²ȣЩˤȥ˾Ǹʲôܡ
迴һֽۣƿ֪һᣬЩˤҸæӿŲǰȥһѽס
ͷңԷģͬ˵ˣҾͲǳȥˡ
˷׷忹飬ֻ΢΢һЦǻ˻֣ҵϣȥˡ˲٣ЩΣûʶ
ҷ裬ڽֱһ⳵ĵַһСӦסĵطӺܴ󣬵һٶʮƽװҲܺ
轫ӵ輸ϣȻһбɳϡĴƣʵ裬˭ѽ
ġ
һôķӸʲôЩơ
⡣
аɣҲ֪˵ʲôͷһۣҵŵϵĺɫ߸Ь˿ţèһбɳϡ
ҺȻȾƵ׿ʣϽһˮİǰ
贵һڣ˵ˣȥɡ
һסôķӣ𣿡
ʲô
С͵ʲôġ
бɳϣ˫ֶˮƳһۣ˵˵ʲôֱ˵
ɵǺǵЦҪҰ׳׳ɡ
һۣߵһȹ¶ˡǸо⻰еС֮ĴΣˡɤӣ˵Ͻȥɡ
УĹ˶Ӿˡĥĥſ˼Ťͷʵ裬һ𣿡
û¶ʲôúڼѧϰ
Ҫ¶أ
¶绰
Ŷ
תת˴ǰţڰ֣裬ˡ
   
2.10
תת˴ǰţڰ֣裬ˡ
֪ס֮Ҹо̤ʵˡڶȥģ跳ңһֱǿ̵һѧȲס˳Щʵˮ߲ˡ
ûзӦ軹û°ࡣһֱȵϾŵ㣬¥Ϥĸ߸ЬûġաԶͼһװȹ˿߸¥ڡ
ı䴦ŵİﻹŹĹҵĹվڼſڣЩ⣬ʵô
¶
¶绰
ֻûˡ
迴ңޱʵʲô¶
ҵſڣһЦӢɼ̫ãָһ¡Ȼŵϴ˵ϰԵĲã˳Ҹ˵ʹ
迴ңһЦ͵ģ
ǰбҡ
֪סɴϣ˳·ġ
ÿ˵ţҰƵһԣԿ׿šųҸں漷ֵ⡣
üͷųһ~ 
ȥֶסҵؿڡ
裬ѽ
賤̾һҸ˵ķúܣ뿴㡣Ͻؼҿȥɡ
ôҲðѶѽҽĹߵ˹ȥԥһ£˹֮ҳûＷæ̧첲סҵȥ·
裬죬ûءҽȥԵ㶫𣿡üͷ壬װһģһ˵һӲＷʹҼ£һͷҸ˽ȥ
~ ӹѽҼװһĴιۣȲѡ
һۣͬһͬ˲輸ϡ
һסôӣѽ
һףһ߿Ϸ
ҺٺһЦҪҰ׳
費ͷ˵Ҫˣƶ죬͸ҳȥ
æϣã̲ס˵˾䣺ô󣬴ɨ϶סҪÿɨɨ
òš費ͷ˵Сһ쵽ҹ䣬ʱ临ϰ𣿡
Уѧϰر档裬֪ζҹĿ࿴ˣҡ
ûңңŹϣӦǻ·ȥˡҳû򿪹桢һЩʳƽʱԵľЩˡ
һĻε˳ȼͳߵһӦȫǿģƽʱӦҲô
ҹƣΣŴףòֺ֮ʱ䲻ڱ˵˾䣺쵼Ӳأ
ʹһ飬æͷֻ軻˵ɫļҾӷ˫ֱأбſϣޱĿҡ
ϹЦЦȻʵ裬ûɣ
ûС
׼ʲôѽ
档
̫ûӪˡɣԵһ³ٷҲɷ˵ĽƵ˿ȻԼʳģ»ص˳
Ҹϰѧһʱ䣬֪ϲԵǰְֳཷ˿ʱʳġཷϴɾͷȥβٿȡཷѣŵϣȻŲ˵е㷸ˡ
ϰ˵ཷҪô˿ţұȻ˰죬ƾŸо˰죬еֲֿȡ
ཷ˿ôôأȻұ˵
һŲ˵ͷԹ裬·ôһ㶯Ҳûѽ
轫Ų˵Ƶһߣ˵ཷ˿ҪбС
бУҰסཷȻһ£Ȼһȥæֵ㡣µҪ졣
ǲ̫˳֣һżɴཫ˵˹Լ֣ɿһлһָ߲ңҪУҪС
ۿ콫ཷˣҸæ˵˺ˣһԡ
˿Ҫ˿ֿʼָˣͷŵ̫ˡ
̫Сˡ
㡣
Ҳͷˣ˿֮תƣûרġȳȥɡ
豻ߣЩģҳˡ
뿪˳һϰֽҵķһཷ˿˳ȳһڣоС˸߲ҵصĶ׼ҫʱڲ輸ɳмĵ̺ϣɳĳ档
Ҽˣôȳˣ
轫һ촽˵Ҷղġ
ҽͰƿȻѳõཷ˿ǰЦ˵һڡ
ӣһ˿˽ıһЩϸ΢ı仯ҽŵʵô
е̣еϡܵ˵ζС轫ͷͣߣϸƷһȻʵֽģ
ǰ
ûֳĺóԡ˸̵ĽְۣѷͰŲ˻
ҼˣôֳԷ氡ҳôѳ԰
˵˾䣺ҲܹԲѽ
չˣʳˣеˡ취أƳһۣʵŸʲôѽ㲻ҲûԷأ
ôһ˵ϸеˣһ˫ӳʼһһڵĳཷ˿ͷڳŻУԵ棬J̣һԳ棬Ľˣﹾ죬ֲ˼Ҫ
ƺǿҾӴͳһͰ棬ݸҡ˸߲ҵˮȥˡ
ҽݺãѾˣһԵͷֻԥһ£ʵ裬ʲôʱȥѽ
һۣ˻˵ɡ
ǿˣҰ۶ôС˻Ƶϰʮˡ
ɫһ䣬ң˭ѽ
ҵæ죬ͷ档һʵ뿼廪𣿡
šҪҾ˵öԣʱ̫ˣϣٸϰһꡣ
ôûŸ¶ˣģ뿼廪ǰúѧ㲻úѧ֪˰ɡ
úѧɼ¶ô࣬һһһһģĶʱѧϰѽ
ƳһۣЩ¶˭ġ
룬˵Ұ֣Ҫ죬ûаŵˣûаŵҲûôˡ
ĺһͷֻˡ
ҳ󣬿ɳԣ˸áϢһ輸ʰɾȻͳһӢӣͷ
迴һֻϵʱ䣬˵ʱ䲻ˣϽؼȥɡ
ͷ飬һŻص죬ϿΡ
Ҳܴ̫ˡ
һתЦôӣɳҲ˯һˡ
̧ͷҪ˵Ųԣ˵⡣
һۣƬ̣ʵĵⰡ

ȫѽ

дӣһֻϵʱ䣬Ѿʮһˡ˸һʰһ˵ûؼˡ̫ΣˡнٲƵģֽɫģк˴µġ~ ΰ治á
ˣǻˡϾ˯ɳϰɡ
ҹƵóѣٺһЦһԾɳϣֱӣĺߺ
ݸ˸ͷһëӵϣ˵һϰϽؼҡ

Ҿ˯ɳˣҲںﻹ̵ġ
峿ȥ࣬ʱѾ׼ˡ
㵹ڿ졣Ҳ֪ǲңҶûˡ
òʱ˵Ȼҳȥ£ؼȥɡ
ô磬ؼҸʲôر𷳰ŵ뿴ͦģҾѧϰɡ
赱Ȼ֪ǹҽڣһۣҲûԣҾôſڣſڲ輸⣬һдͷʱ򣬷ֿ΢еңҲûʱҾɡ
Ҫ˵ڼҵʱرԼҵĸһɨоرо깵Ľ䶼ϴһ顣
ȿʱˣһЩʳģ䱻ҴɨĸɸɾģЩ⡣
ɨģ
šƵ͵ͷ
˭֪ǵû飬ЦеûţúøϰΣ๤ˡ
ѧǻѧˣûǡ˵ţ첲ȣȻһչ˶
軻ҾӷߣҸں׷ʣҪҰæ𣿡
ͷҲأ˵˾䣺Ҫ
Աߴ֣øѧѧա
ͷһۣ㲻㿼廪ˣ㿼¶ˣ
֪ʲô˼ƲƲ죬ԹԵĻؿдȥˡԼĪ˰Сʱ˶˵˲輸ϣ̲סץһ鳴Ž˽޵~ Ȼζ~ 
Ҫȥץÿֱ͵һ£ϴȥ
Ȼۣﻹͦģƨƨߵȥϴ˸֣ȻߣһþΥ͡
裬ĺþûгԵķˣóԵҶˡ
ҵĹάûκηӦЩƨĵϵĸо͵ȥ辫µϻŵױɫ糣ȴ㲡ҵһ¶ʵʲôʱؼѽ
ͷԷûңѹû
һ˵ôһֱһ˹ѽ
һ˹Ҳûʲôõģ徲ģҲû˷軬Ūֻ˵
ǡԥһ£ͷСʵҪǸҰˣܸܲһѽ
̧ͷһۣԥ˵㶼ʮˣԼɼˡ˵ˣҴôһƿӣôļѽ
һ㶣æʣҪļޣ޸˭ѽ
ܵôһۣͷֻ
ǣҼˣžһ£ѿӰϣ˫ֱأĲϳԷˡ
ЦϣˣүƢˡһǲϳԷ˵ˣġļޣ޸˭ѽ
Ҳѿڶ޸ѽҺǻڣЦĺܲʱˣ׳
緹һ硣һ緹ģ˵¶ֱӰͻؼˡ
ϰϰ࣬ѧУֻаŵһˣġŵʱųţûˣϸһﴫˮѾͷϴ衣
Ҳû⣬ƼֻڴϣȻǸ֪ǷڵƵԥһ£ʱ˽ȥ
ֻĥһ롣Ҳ࣬ϰֵ֮⣬ʣµֻҺͬˡֱһ£ûпеѰˡ
ҿ˼ڤ֮ʱȻŴŴĿɰɤ磬ڸʲôѽ
̫ϤˣһæֻӵϡתȥֻŵſɵļҾӷͷʪģɢڼϣΧëƤְۣţƵģŮԡ¶
ôô죿ϾйҾЩŲԡ
ʲôô죿ϴ𣿡ŵЦŷʡ
ҪΣȻװµĴ߹뿪ŵȻ˾䣺Ƶ𣿡
Ȼ֪ˣҲûҪװͿˣתɴ˵ԣҾƵĶأ
ŵֻ˵ôҪĶôֻء⿪תݵǰЦ˵Լ
ҵͷһֻ˵Ķˣ
ŵЦЦҸҪûʲôô

ŵĴ۾һתС˵һ¡
ԥһ£ǰȥŮķۺɫ촽ӣ꣬ˮġҼ֮ʱȻס°ͣǾСŤһԣЦס
תҪߣŵʣǻŮ𣿡
һͷʵأ
ŵ΢΢һЦû
һǼҲ䣬ңǲǻŮ
ŵڴ˫ְڴϣȣЦ˵Ҳû˵ʲôѽǲǸ𣿰ûС
˵һ仰ʱ΢΢΢Цдʮĳǰһ߬ס죬ָô˵ҶУҪǸ裬ҾԲ顣
ŵС棬ˮĴ۾һգһգģûһ˿Ŀ־壬Цʵ
ǰܽǸкӣҿԴƣţƫƫǸŮ
Ƭ֮һɿʵ㵽ʲôѾˣΪʲôҪôһ𣿡
ŵЦÿңûлش
ĺЦ⸱崿ɰʹһĿɰ֮£һεսթĶħһͽëȻ
˵˾䣺ǼҪɢˣһӸûꡣ
𣿡
һӡ
ǸЦģɲ֪ǷҵĴƼ۾һ˿ѹת˲šɲôҶĻˡ
֮ҸľסܣҾſڵţҲ绰ػؼΣʵûˣ˰ԿףҾ͸ȥˡ
һϣ￴飬ϰϢ˽վҵԣ˰죬ԥԥʵ⼸ǲǾȥǶ
šûͷϡ
衭ôϰĴ
գ룬˵òôã㲵ĲСҲԲ÷˲١
ϰһ˿ۣƬ̣̾һ죬˵ʲôû˵
ϰìܵ飬ҪǸᣬôҲⲻ
֣ҪҪʱˣһȥ￴ɡ
ϰֵüͷšģ̾ãģ˵͡ת뿪˷䡣
ᣬѾˡǲܽʵ˵ģϰֵԸ񣬺ѿÿġ
ǰ㶵ĳֵز˭ĴأǰŵĴ𣿺ǣֲȫǡĴһûСǰְֵĴ𣿴ڵ죬˰ŵҵĴҲǰɡ
죬żٻؼң˵ҾǱܣҪһȥʵڱòˣ׼һȥҪţ边ȻŽˡ
־ϲһ裬ˣ־ŲԾֻ˪ðؽҧһֻŭ˼µĴޡ
裬Ҹ׼Ҫȥء
δ䣬Ѿ̤ߵҵǰ첲ݺݵسһ⡣һʹʮɾҵۡۼڴڵĴŴһ˫Ŀݺݵصҡ
ԼԼĲµ跢ŭԭиеһ񺮣ʶŤͷŵķ䴦һۣŽգûѾͷӰְ춯˳
衭ΡΡĿ衣
裡ŭ
ɵˣû跢ôĻӲĲšϰҲ֪ʲô£㶵Ŀǡ
Ƭ̣˵ҽ
ҵš须һˤסѾ˰׼ӱܵͷ̧ۣСĿ衣
ͳֻһƵһŵѹ£ŮĿУǿн˴ŮѨ֮С
ҵֱ죬ƵȻĴڡ
ҽ𣿡ޱȷŭ裬һʱ飬޴룬֪Ǻá
ֶֻ̧ҵһƣݺݵصңؾŴʵʲôѽƵǲ㣿
ǡҡҵ͵Լˡ
㻹ʲôѽΪʲô跢Լܴ±ְ˵һӲͣ
ҵֺףۣüͷίͰ͵ؽ͵ҵġʱҲ֪ѽ
ѽһϹһľ֪ѽ㻹֪ʲôѽͨ죬ָңҧгݵ˵֣趼ҡǵӴĶû߶ˣ
Ѱң˰ҲûҵֵĹߣɴѸ߸Ьһֻ˿ţŸ߸ЬЬԴһʹݳ顣۵ġ໡ֱУȴûĴԽԽ
һߴһֱʮӣͣһѶͷĺ飬ĵҡ
Сǲ
ûСԴſǻҰȥ˵һ飬в
һֻŴŸ߸Ьһֻ˿ŵŽżڵϣ߬һֻ߸Ьƽһ飬˵ǲһˡ
裬ɱô˵꣬޽
㻹ƶ죡ңҶһϱĸ
˵֮贩߸Ьת򿪷ţϰֺͱվſڣŶ͵һһԹԵÿһ·
ߵɳԣһƨ˵趫
ϰԥһ£ԹԵ˹ȥƳһۣ˵Эù
㡭ǡְЩˣһʱЩ޴ˡ
㲻ҪԸҲûˡϰֻվŲһȥѽ
ǸŰ
ţ
ϰռһͻһͨŭˣҲǣҲǣһʱΪѣ֪Ǻá
˽˰죬չȥſǻʵ裬Ҫʲôѽ
û¡ҪôݣҪôȥ
ŭŵֱȴֲҿ޳ίҧ´ΡΡվһԡ
һţŸճƼŵվҷŴ˫ֱأſϣһ²ؼӡһʱ䣬ջӿͷ첽ǰȥûӦ첲ʹȫСݺݵظһơ
һִ죬ǵѪ˳ͷһҲԣǿĿҡ
Ȼһưһѹյŭй˳ǵѪգһЩۺͲ̡
ͻȻôһףѷڵ˶ŪˡƬ֮ϰֺȻСʲôأ
ϰһߺһ鳯˹һûüͣȻ̧Ҿһƣã㣿
ұ򣬳ǰϰ־һƣ趫ƾʲôҶӣ
ϰּ첱Ӵֵģ˶΢΢ţΪʲôҵŮ
Ҳ֪ŮԼŮ
ϰֵɴ˫ۣĺӣ˭ģ
Ҳ㣡һӶġ㲻Ҫѽ
Ƭ̣ϰֳŲӴһ룡Ȼ첽߽ңҳЭ飬žһ£˲輸ϡ
붼û룬߹ȥʣ৵ǩԼϰԥһ£һۣɫһҧҲǩԼ֣
ǩ֮ʶǵĻѾˡ໥ŶԷ˭Ҳû˵վһԣ㶵ĿǰһУûʱǰֹͷŰŵҧгݵ˵˰ɡ
ŵַȥѪգֺףûκα飬˿ʤϲá
˱Ŀ֮⣬˶ĬĴԭء֮Ȼ˵СͱҹǸŮڳռ
㡣ϰ˵
衭֡ίĿ޺
˵ʲôޣʰߡһȥѽ
ŵһƬ̣תߵҵߣźһ硻ͷظһ£˵ʰȥɡ
һص˼ϴ·ԼһЩϰϣȻ߳˷䣬ŵɰվҺߵһ˵ټˣ~ 
ҹ⽫áҧĺء죬ƺҪ˵Щʲôȴû˵
ߵϰǰ˵֣Բ𡣡
û¶ϰ̾˿ſ˫ۣסңҵĺ󱳣úѧϰȡѧУ
ְ֣֡һĽʹоԼ̫Բְˡ
ֿϰֵңѾǸˡӽԺҪչ軹бˡ
֡Բ𡣡ҵֹסϰҲһᣬҼġ
ʰ˶˳Ȧģסĳšϰֽ§ڻο˼䣬Ȼ裬˵ȥְ˰ɡ
Į˵ɡ
һվڿԡκȥҺͱϰ֣ȥ
2.11
Һͱһͬصⷿڣ迴ɫ糣һ·Ҳû˵ʲôȻҲҶ졣ȻǵһĴҲûй¼ҡ
ܴⷿҡޱָűߵķ˵סȻָбķԱ˵ס䡣
ͻȻ䵽յģʲôҾҲûСȦģû߳վſڣһһġ
˵ϾͻѧУˣȽһŴ
ȻʲôҲûʲôһȰﱱķ䡣æ֮󣬼վڷſڣ˫ֱأĮĿҡ
϶ҹԹԵվǰȴŭϮ
ûж֣ûңֻĶ˵㲻Ҫ廪УӽԺʵʵĴڼĶȥ
ŶҹԹԵĵ˵ͷҲʲô
籱ҪѧУʱ޿ģҲȥοֻܱ˱һЩ
ȶûӾ鸾ŮһЪ˹ķ֮У绹רȥ˳УЩʳģһӵζȣһҲǻոŮ˸¶
ܸԸйذɡ˰뱲ӣ鶼бš
˷Ҿڲ輸ԸϰΣЬӨ㣬˫ȣбɳϣϸָֻɫ糣
ô򶨣Ҳ֪ǸøˣǸõġ
ɳϽһҹ췢飬һһȥģôҲ˯žһֱ룬Ҹɴϴһ֮¥ȥˡ
֮ҽ˱´ʩڲ輸ԣĵšԼĪ˰Сʱˡһĵϸϸϴˢ磬ֻ۾ΧĺȦԵЩƣһҲһҹδ߰ɡ
ͣһۣû˵ʲôʼһԡҵͷĥţǲӦ˵Щʲôοοأ
ûҿڣȿˣ˯ûУ
Сҵ˵ͷȻܲʱ˵Ĵ˸Ƿ
бһۣ˵ӽԺ󣬾һˡ
šһеĵ˵ͷ
ǰҲ˵ˣϴѧ֮Ͱȥˡڴ֮ǰҵø㶨ء
ĻЩζҲΡΡķĿӣֱӣ½
ҵķ䣬㲻
š
ķ䣬Ҳ
š
СȻһ˫ĵĵۣؿңҧǴƳģ˵һ飬ҪǸҾ㡣
⻰Ŷ졣
ҵͷС˵ģãҾԲ˺ġ
ŵã
Ȼָ˰ŵǼ顣üίͰ͵˵裬ҵʱĲ֪ãΪǸԮģϡͿľͱˡ
ã㲻֪½أŮ㱳ŮѸŮһô£
ԶԣΪλңͣͷ
һ쵽㾻ʲôɫ˼룬ûпǹ˼ĸܡ¶Ҫ֪ˣǰƤɡ
ﲻɵذ˵ģ½֪ˣһܺŪȥҪذ֪¶ǻѰˣ˵ҲõƤ
̧͵͵裬ʵұܵŶذ̵İ
һۣߵһһ˵¶Ҳ˵ѽ
ְŵǵĻ
˼ңһҲûа
æͷддд
Ƭ̣ߵѾͷ治Ǹʡ͵ĵƣԺָʲô۶ء˵ţƳһۣ˵СӣһİԼܵĲУһѾͷƬӸˣת㶪ѽ
ȷʵϣԼҲе㶪ˡ
ӽԺ㲻ٸˡǳ
æַģһ˵ұ֤һӶٿˡ
̾˿û˵ˡ͵͵ش裬ڳӳ£𪾫µӣǸһɴ쳣˵УȻ񵭣ȴ˼ƣ
̲סʵ裬ҪҰѽ
ɫ糣ڻص뻹
¶ͷβһᣬ취Ϳˣˡ
ôѽбۿңЦȥ𣿡
ûӿڣ̫ƮƮԼΪˣЩ£ôܸϰֽ͵ءϰ֪ȥ˵Ҳһֲ̡
̫࣬ûҪˡˣңдڵıҪ𣿡
Զԡ
緹ҺңͬһϰѧȴѧٻʱѾ絽ˣӦڳæµ輸ϷһӣȻӡ֣֤̽
ҵһĪһĪꡣѧʱֿܣûȥϰʱڣͻȻʧ𣻻ϰΪһʱʱ⣬ȻһЦ
ϧѽչֻ
߽ͷΧΧȹڳ̨ǰæµšҪο䣬ȴ֪οڡͷƼң˵ˣøҰæ֡
Ҽ鵭Ȼɫ糣ʲô鶼ûһ̨ϰ㹽Ѽ⣬һѵʳģҪһʢˡ
˹ȥϴϴָָ֡ˣ˵Ѳˡ
ְæ۾ȴ͵衣貢ûеĿԹԵЩȻа룬ϵ飬ѹ̫ˣϰʱһЩΣ޷˵˷ֵ𣬷ظ
ɡ룬˵Ҳδһ¡
ǣһеԪףϾТӣ˵ףҲǸ
ҵͷһԲŤͷһۣʵʲôüģ
ҿЦҰˣѵҪЦ𣿡
һЦˡ
濴ÿ
ѲһҪ԰ҩɱѽ
Ȼɣ̬ܾŹֵֹģоƽʱЩ̫һڵﲻһ˵
ĸӶڳ峴ըæòֺ֮ʱˡһ㶣裬һۣ˵ȥŸʲô
˭ѽҺɵʵ
Ų֪ˣʲôѽ
ҷĻ˫·ϲ˲ĶĨأϴ·ǰɣ
ǰ߶ֻŷֱ泩ֵߵߵȥţ˾Ȼذ̺½һӡ
㶣æӣǽ
ذ̵װţǰʢˣΧſתһȦ˵ôӣסǸš
½ڻĻɻʵʲô˼ѽ
½ذһۣ˵˵Ҫףػɣȵ
аɣҾллˡҿЦһ˹ҶԻ̫Ϥͷţͦģʵʲôѽ
ⶼ֪ѽ㡣½һۣ˵ưϲˡ
һ
½ɻҸʲôѽ
ûʲô񣬽۴
ذιһȦ˳ȥˡ½ɳϣл졣
ָö˶˵ģôͻȻ˰
赭д˵Ҳ˵ٸеϵ
йϵ飬ʲôϵ
˵Ҫ磬軻ķҲǸҲûкǶ鷳¶ˡ
ˣ˵Ҳס
~ ½ΪڿЦ룬ʵ᲻ǸҰйأ
šҳƬ̣ͷϣйء
Ҿ֪½˸ָҾ֪СѾͷûġ
ʱ躰ҹȥæҸϽ˳ķԸ˲ˡ
ԼĪ˰Сʱ翪ʼذȾƱһ£Ц˵ϲػɣ֡
޳ѩ׵Ĳоһذʵоô
ЦЦ
ûôĸоô
ĿվƱذ̣ʵ㵱ʱʲôо
ذ̺ߵһЦҰоʹѽڲźǸ˵ˡͺˮ±˺ܾãһӸˮ棬˺ôһ
ƱЦ˵ԣ࣬Ҳָо
ʵɣ˵ˣǼǡѽڲٽǼҵˡ趫ˣ߯ûˣֲ˵ֲЦġΨһŵ㣬ʵǼװģ滹һ˽Ůذһߵһ˵
~ ʱˣ˵ЩʲôˡɬһЦԼеľƣһ
˵ǰķĹһ飬˵ֻˡذЦЦʵ㻹ᣬƯҸһô֤趫ǿٱ
һ⻰ЩżˣӦæ˵ôõˣذôûһѽ
ذ̱һҭģһ£Ӳûô̲ס͡һЦ˳ذ̲ˣһۣѵ˵СӲʲô졣
£иж
ذ̵һۣ˵֣ˡһľͷ׮ӣòһƨһհӣԼ졣үʡġ
ôһ䣬ҵͷ½ңֻĳһЦҼװ׶ĵһۡҪ˵ҲҸ˭ƶ죬Ǿֻذһˡ
˵ʵֵѾܲˣǰǿˡ
û뵽佱ңʢϵıӣЦ˵裬Ҿһ
貢δ飬һۣʵ㾴ʲôҲϲػɣ
Ҿ¿ģԶ
ߵһҪңû׼һ¿ģԶء
˫ֶžƱ˵ұ֤ԺҲ鷳ˣҷġ
졭~ СҷˣһعɡȻô˵軹ǾƱһ¡
裬˵ģҷԽԽˣԽԽˡҼһĲмæ˵ǲǣ
½˸ۣȻ˼Ƭ̣ͷ˵е仯ѧĽȥˡ
Ƶĸæ˵֤
ذЦô¶Ҫٲ¶Ҳ»ˡ
½ҪؼҸϰΣԵĲ౥ȻȥˡذߣǺȾƣ죬һֱֵʮ㡣
ȻپƺȵͦģʵһҲͰѡ辭ȥӦ꣬˵һ¶ûУ쾹ȻЩ΢ˡذ̣Щ˵ģһ¶ûС
ذ̺ѾЩͷתˣǲ޻ƵģƮƮģվվˡҷ裬صһݣͽֽһƣ˵
ҶµĹأæ˵
ǰѩӣ͸Ө£͸ŵĺɫ͸ƻȻЩɰ
趢Ƭ̣ߡһΪȶˣֲ嶫ˣæʣ裬߷ˡ
ϲҡҡλε˼ͷң
Ķѽ
գ辭飬˵Ӧֻ֪꣬Ľڶѣڽųĵķơ
ֱϣ֮θɫ԰סüĿһĲݡòҲ֪ëַˣҸæȥһЩ࣬ůůθ
һ磬趼ήҲɳϣűֻû˼ˡżǰ˵裬ȥҽԺ￴ɡ
á˵Ͻȥɣùҡ
ˣһʲôѽ
뽫קǲҼˣһƨߣвҪǲȥҾš
費ͷ̾˿ݣףҵͬ£һǰҽԺ֮ҽ˵Ϊ̫ȶθڣټϹƣ̼θճĤġֻҪܹ泩ֹƣٳ壬ҩƣܿͻ῵ġ
صϢȥˡҰЩС࣬ԼĲ˲óԣ嵭Сˡ
Ҷҷš
ʲôڣʵ
ͷ
ɡ
šţҪ͵贲ǰģ׼ͻȻ趨µĹأָ̧˻ȥڴϣһۣɻվſڣʲôأ
˵ҽ
ɡ
ҽȥİ
費ͷ̾˿ġ
˽ȥ͵˴ǰһԴͷϡڴͷ࣬ڡ
оζôСʵ
šн
УԺ
ȥ㰡
û˵ƾգϰһȢһ绨ء
һֶ룬Ҩһ࣬⻰˰գ̧۶ҡҸоЦЩˣæͷתһԣΡ
ŰΣʵ㻹ʲôأ
ġ
ʲôÿģȥ
ҽ𣿡
ûվš
Ҹоеǿʶˣû취˭ǰȨء
죬ҲϣΪ谾˸ָθ࣬θȻתȴ޷Ȭ
ΪտϢһϣȥɢɢɳϣһҲ붯ȰһߣܻʮšҽҲ˶ġ
ɳϷ˸ţճ극˶θˡ
극һСʱˣţͲθܰ
˫ֽ§űоȻЩζ
šǾ³ѽ

Ƭ̣ɳбһۣҿǷˡ
ѽΪáⶼѧϰʱ䣬ɢˡ
ĥӲ֮£ΪѵĻݻһ·ů贩黨³ȹһ˫ƽ׵Ьɢ£бڼϣǳᣬ֪ԵŮζ
~ ֳޣĶƯѽ
졣費һˣ߳˼ţҸæȥ
ɢ˲٣һ·Ҳ˵ĳǰСһš
оЩΣҸʲô⣬ϻӣȻʵѧϰô
ţҲаɡ
ſ廪أ
ԥһ£˵裬и¶ء
Ťͷһۣ˵
һ뿼廪¶ʵ̫ˣһҡҵʱҲˣţҪȻٸϰһɡ
⻹ûأʹùˣ
ⲻǰкҪһʱ򿼵òãһθٸˡ
ɫ糣ҲƲʲôӦҹϿˡ
ǰһƼ·ΧһȺˣֽкãզզġϽǰŷ֣ԭڡ򡻡
һӷףͷϴȭͷ׵Ľ׳ӣڱһȭ׵ϺᣬԱߵдţʮԪӡ
ÿһȭ˾Ϳŵĺһˣ֫ȷǳ󣬿Ǳ˵ӡԽԽ˷ܣΧۿ·кá
һȤȱȱ˵˾䣺߰ɣʲôÿġ˵꣬תǰߡ
һ׷ȥʵ裬ҪҲȭԣ
ЦëҸҪȥˣ
Žѹѽҽ˵ˣΪãŵµθʡԷйһ£滺һ½ŵ
һĮҡͷ˵һҲţûʲôѹҲˡ
Ҹ󣬳ĬΣԥԥʵ裬Ұ飬һҲܣ
ʲôܵġ
Ҿţе¶Ĳ緢йȻܽ⣬Լһ㡣͸ղǸͦõģʮǮӣʲô𶼷ˡ
͵ͣ½ŲŤͷңҪɣҸһٿǮҴʮӰɡ
ңܿ𣿡
ҵȻİĵĲˡ
ȻڿЦЦŤͷǰ¶ȴˣؼ֮϶һɢõķ£ȭס
󣬿˹ϳԷһҽ׷´ԲģһֻܣԵʮֵӷסȭף·һŤһŤߵ
ˣüͷһ壬һʵǸʲô
ߵǰȭ׵˹ȥ˵˵һٿǮʮǮˡ
۾գգģðŷӦʧЦë
˵㻰⻤߶ˡ㣬ңһ˵ţһ߽
һۣȭˤϣ˵˾䡺񾭲תҪݡҸæ׷ȥץס֣˵һʹһ
תЦõ˵ǡþû㣬Ƥǲ
ԶԶԣҾǷᣬҾƤˡҰɡ
豻Ҳʵû취ˣҵָ£ȭסңЩãȻ˺ð죬ͻȻ˾䣺ô򣿡
ҲЦôмѽ
ϾȻ΢΢һ죬Ƭ̣ǰŲŲںüƣȻĳϴһȭΪͷףһȭȥĦˡ
ʹ㾢ѽ
ʹôʹоеأͷԡ
ƽʱôҵģѽ
룬һͷһȭоûʲô
裬ѽҳ衣
ʲô
ŭ
ŭ
ԣϸ룬ϰ飬дϰֳ죬ˣһ˽ŮˣӶôֵ¶ˡ
˵ˡ
ö˶һûˣҪͷϣ˶ίû˽͡
ɫЩˡ
Խ˵ԽӾǸ쵰Ǹ̬˴ͷһ٣һ취ûСˣû˵⺢˭ģ
˵ˣһϺݺݵһȭҸоһᣬûعζһȭ
ȭŶˡұĶᣬʹȴеޱȵ
һ󼲷֮边ȻſҵǰصĿһʹԥã˫۽§סıϣġ
ԽԽģؿ



תۼ䣬߿ˡ½ʡʦѧԺҵĳɼȻԣɼǲ̫ˣԸһ£¸һꡣͬˡ
Ҳûʲô¶ˣҽȫ˸ϰϡҵķɹȽϲҽңҾûбҪļ£ǰķ
³һ峿ͺ軻ְҵװһɫ£ⷭ洩һɫСɫһȹɫ˿޳Ըеȣһ˫ɫϸ߸Ь
ٳǰ趣ңӦ꣬еԼ취ԷһҶ︴ϰ½ˣ绰˵Ҫңϴʾܾˡ
һֱϰ賿ʮ㣬軹ûҸоЩЩðˣ֫ͷ͵ģʵڶסˣϢ˯ˡ
Ժ֮䣬Һ˸Σμһ߽ҵķ䣬ߵϸ߸Ь⿪ӣѵƷ£Ȼվڴߣң˫ֺ󱳣⿪ֿӣžԲԸеΣɫ˿һᣬ̱ҵߡ
ˮζƾϵ㣬Լ߽ૣЩƮƮɣյģֲ嵽λʵ
ֱ峿Ҵѹоͷκģе˼£Ȼһ΢ĺ
һ£͵ػͷֻſڴϣ󱳼ѩסӨ⻬ϵ鷿ѹ£缷򣬴Ƭѩ༷˳Բ̵ͦɼȣ¶⣬޳ԸС
ۼһƬհףȴеһ궯һһµš
ôҵĴϣ
ƽһϸһ£͵طӦӦòΣˣѾңԲððʧʧܽҵķѹ·ſҵԱߡ
⡭еˡ
3.1
͸Ĵɴսڣббϣһɴ
֮ʱ૰һ߽˸ӣҲڴϡ䱳Өףź޳壬ͷԲ£µβԲ̣ͦ˫Ƚһ˫㻬㣬㱳ְϸ壬벻¶ǣ̲סҪģḧ档
峿𴲱ʹ󣬲һ㣬Сͣͷֹ
Уܿܿӣ
æ˫ۣͣ
һɾƾζԼ֮͸Ź㣬ǹ֮У˸ӻʢ
ã̲ס۾һϸ죬͵͵һµ衣ԥƬ̣߬ס۴ıקֱǵѩ׵ĲСָԾɴţ̰㻬ļ紥һ㣬һ顣
~ 
һ߽Ǽһ㡣
Ҫ¼ԷѽͣʮΡסæ´ЬҲƵܳҡ֪ճ䣬ǡײմı۾ԺĿңüʵʲôأŻŵģ˹Ƶġ
̽ͷ￴Ƽ˯ڴϵ裬æǹϣ˵˾䣺ܵô
һȴƼҿССɵһ糺죬ߵһװµתȥˡ
Ҽ¿ӣųʵҪܵҺŵɲ״̬ʵں̲סֳԴ齵Ļ档뵽ҾȻͬ˯һҹֻȣһĪ¶Ӳ𣬲ס̡
סߣ£Ҫǵйȴǳĵִܾô裬ǶıѡãС˳ݲݵϿӣ䡣
ƽﶼͣЩ˵Ҳû𴲣ֻ¥ЩֳͻϲҲȥ𴲣ֻȽб𴲳Է
ƿ䣬յˬ֮ŵɫ˯£ֽŲãűӹڴϣ˯༫Źۡҹȥһ£~ һè߽ǵûѣ§ĸˡ
ˣˡá
۾ʵĿңһĲͷԹѽ˼˯ء
ˣȻˡ
~ ȥ~ ˸ӣӸϡϲѿյ¶ȵĺܵͣȻű˯
㲻˵ȻҪͬѧȥ𣿡קקͷ˵ϽˣҪٵˡ
һ̾ϢͷüͷԹò׷Ÿ٣һģƵģ㷳ѽȻķ´ײһ£ϴȥˡ
Ҳ֪ΪʲôԴӰ֮ҳ˼ΨһˣθȻǲԾӵҪܵʲôǼŵӣɵǰԼҪ߶䡣
ϴ֮󣬴ʱǡҵҷŴ򿪣ͷңһ˳ĸŮײ˸ţͬʱһ㶡ãɻʵ裬ô˰˯ڸ
ֹ˼ȷˡ򶨵̫Ѩ˵սȥ˵㶫˵գƿߣ·ʱбһۣЩΣ죬˰죬ʲôҲû˵ߵˡ
ҹѾµľˣԼģϡ᲻ΪҳռıأϾйǰƵġ
緹ʱͷ˵һ仰ҲƣӦǾ¶ȽΰɡʣȻҲÿڽͣԵЩ˵ˡ
裬Ҫѳȥ档Ȼ˳
ȥɡ񾲵Ļ˾䡣
ҵǮһЦ
һۣǸո㻨Ǯˣ㻨Ǯôͣʲôˣ
ȥϰǶ˼ҹ¿꣬ġŮģôҲø㶫ТТ˼Ұɡ
˵˼Ůš
ãһƴ£ҲϰֵСް
㵱棬ɱô˵ѽ趣һ
˵һҺƾʲô˵ѽҾ˵
ɫ˵Ҳȫ
裬ô˵ءе㼱ˡ
Ҳ˵Ҹֹ֡̾˿ˣ˵Ҳ˵ס
ÿζô˵ҰֵΪʲôѽ
𲻿ĵÿ룬ѵʳ޲֪ѽ
Ƴһۣߵһӡ
緹ݻϺɫװɫ˿࣬ϸ߸ЬҴҵϰȥˣʱ˾䣬֮ûκνҲе㲻̫˼ɡ
籱Լͬѧһȥ棬ϿΡ緹ԽǰְǱߡ
ϰʱԼÿڣҪȥǱߴһ죬Ҳùȥһٷ
ӸѧУб£ߵձɫҶڻؼҵĵ·ϣھʱȻǰվһϤӰŰɫţж̿㡢˶ЬԭĳˣȻɵĲͷǰбСεʮɰ
ûǰŵﲢɺϣҲǵһˣÿػϰܾ׼Ԥ⵽ҵж·ߣ·Եҡ
ԽԽĿʼƶȴװʶ˫ֲڴǰߡҴ߾ʱĸҵ
磬ѧˡóʱˡöŴֲһ˿ɳƣôĶ
Ҽװûǰߡ
磬¸вƬҪӳһȥɡ
ɻǼװûƶһۡҲ⣬˫ֱ󣬽Ųܵǰ棬תңųǰߡСԴƤһԣһ˫ںԲĴ۾գѽգѽģ˵磬һر棬һͬѧ˦ˣ޵ϡﻩģһѱһģ̫ˡ
бһۣüëĸ߸ߵģ۽ŻõЦ⣬رĿġʵ˼ʧܿ𣿡
ѽֲʧΪʲôܿģƬ̣ͷСʧҲûʲô˲ģҶûޡ
һ㶣ͷһȻ˵ӣ̲סʵʧˣ
ǰң죬ίͰ͵˵Ҹ˵ҡ
ҳ˼Ƭ̣ŷӦ˵ǸʧԭҡСѾͷʵڽթ˵ټ٣ĥ͸Ҳ֪ʲôϷ
۾˵ǼѾķˣ뱨ҲѾˣ㻹ʲôѽ
Σŵʵǲرѽ
˵أ
ֲȫҡ
㣬ȫѽ
ŵСתһԣС˾䣺Ȼ˱˵ĺӣȻűץסѱġ
͵ͣ½Ųŭҧ˵˵һ顣
ŵ״ˣ۵İһ׶ӣЦǺǵ˵˺ˣ˵ˡ~ ~ 
һ˹ȥܿͱıĸ׷˵磬ǲǲˣҸ㽲Цɣ
ҽЦҪҽ˵ˣ˽ӴԶ㡣
ŵСֹ˵˵˵ʲô㶼Ǹ豦С
~ ˵ԣҾ豦СϿԶ㣡
صԭļʱѾȵһˣſɳֻֻ׾ɰСѾһһ̵ģա
ϰأ
ءڻصͷûһ¡
ؼҾ֪ɳֻҲ֪ϰָɵѵ
ͷңϰָɻϰҳģǷֻּϰȥ
ԽԽˡ
ԽԽˡ
ҡͷЦſڣϰֱңϵΧȹвء
֣һˡ
ϰֻͷһۣһЦˣЪɣȻͺˡ
ߵԣ̨ʳģΪǻؼҾۻᣬҪһٴˡҲϰΪˣδ
ʲôܰ𣿡
ݰɣݰɡôһòš
ϴ𣿡ҽϴ˳
һ°ɡ˵ţϰֱͦӣִ˴
۰һ䣬ȥϣ¡
Ǵˣվһᱳ۵ġϰ̾˿
Ҹ밲οϰ䣬˵꣬Ƽϰ޽һЩ׷вһһۣôˡ
ˡϰֻ£вˡ
ҽϴһԱãȻЩĻɡƬ̣̽Եʵ֣ŵô
ʲôô
ʲôΪѽûʲôֵľٶ
ûаͦԵġʲô
Ҿͻǲ̫ܾҪ
ϰֻͷңϹ룬ŵԵúܡǺӴС˲ٵĿ࣬һ㺢ӳ磬Ҳͦ¶ģûҲĹͱɹˣÿ߶䡣
ⲻ
ġ
ô֪ģ
ϰֹҡҡͷ˵ˡ컹ðɡ
ͦõģԵĺ˯úãͦоġ
šǾͺá
Ǹæģ֮˾䣺֣û踴ѽ
ϰֳĬûлشҵ⡣
֣ǲﻹǹȥǵѽҾŰɣ϶̹ף϶ǲ˺ͣһ£ϰûп˵˵ﻰҾ˽⣬֪϶ԲµģһпԵġ
ˣ˵ˡϰͣĻͷ˵ͱʹ˵¶ˣúøϰ꿼ôѧҸͺοˡ
ĬƬ̣һǲģ׷ʵһҲûͷ
˵ͳȥ
Ҽϰе㲻ͷˣæЦ˵УҶ¶
ڳæ˰죬һӵζȡҪ˵ϰֵտǲϧˡȥץȣÿһ£ʹңҪҷƢŵԱҲ˲ˣ˰ŵһۣŲһԵλϡ
ȻСŮܲԸʵһȥϤˡϯ֮󣬱ϰĵúܿģһûһĴŻŵÿζһԣֻ˵ͷԷĬ
ڱüɫĽѧУȤʱҵĽŲϣȻһĦС
˵ˡӺƣĵȥֻŵһֻСŴЬ˳ҵĽ״ĦţȻ˳ҵһ·ϣͣ˿м䡣
ڱϰֵУŵİСŸſӣضҵļͣʱȣʱĦ֮¡Ȼģ¶Ѿ㹻ĵֿˣÿγԷףͲܻѽ
۾ЦеĿҡҽȥץסİСţ˻ȥһۣŤһԡ
ޣɲϸŵһŴϣְҵķռˣֻȥɳ˯ˡ
ԭΪŵҸɵʲôϷص˰ҹһ㣬ҲûҲˡ
е㲻׵ʲôͼˣһʼңΪϲңȴԲеķʽӽΪֻҪиңˣֶΣҲ䣻ΪҪ𣬽ֶô򣬻˵ϲҡ
治ҪʲôһǿԿ϶ģѾͷĻǾԲŵġ
԰ŵҲǳֻ̬ȵģټǶƵƽʱϰҹϰرҪģһ⡣
հҴӸѧУصʱѾǰ°ؼˡ輸ϰŴСʽӪƷ֪ҲԵġ
ЩӪƷҾ͸оһᣬ⼸³̫ˡ赹ǽܽѵˣ׳Ʒˡ
Щġʱ侭ðȱȥתתҲ㲻ȥﱧϴڷŪϵӪƷ߶
˵ЩûʲôãҲ㰲οáԴӺϰ֮Ͱеľҵѧϰ棬ʵ̫ˣټʵڲᷴ
·Ҫϴ𣿡һһųߡ
ûСһ쵽ţҪϴ·
費̫ҵĻҵתһȦӲҳһ̫·
·Ͼ͸ое⣬һϼҾӷ֮Ҿȥվϴ»ԣ·һһá
Ҵ󼷹ȥʱ俴һɫ˿࣬ͷһĪͣ˽Ų
ͷңƵʲô
ϲΪΣҹ򶨵ƿţ˽ȥ
ͳͷʱֻЬ첽˳ȥҶ˶׼ϴ֣Ǻɫ˿࣬ɵһ궯Ϊǰľҷرԭζ˿ࡢԭζڿ㶼صرãʱ״ˡ
̽ͷȥڿӵ绰ĶƬֽ̣Ǽɫ˿෭ҳḧֻ⻬ͷһȣʹĽϣһڡ
о̫Ϥ̫ˬˡҾǽõӣջʱ֮УȴޱȵʹУԽԽ
ȻҺôǲԵģǶ뱳ѣ˯ڴϵĻ棬ص֡ͷڿڲɲλϣһ£һ㣬ͷˬţͷˣԺǲɵϣ˫֮䣬Ѩɢζ
̵ϸߣ͵ķۣĺ¿ӣԭζڼϣúõߣһѡ
ȴңͣǲԵġ
У
һĽԭζ˿˻ȥ
еһſˮբкĺٽԭζúõһǸңһٷˣӦġ
ʱĽŲԶ˹飬־͵ϮɲϸߣΪ˲跢֣Ҳû룬æн˫ȣȥ
Ҷϴ»ԣɵһʵʲôأ
װһʹı飬ҧ˵ۡ
ͷңеʵĶԻˣˣ
ûʲô£ˡùңϸˡҷ䣬ѵתȥѼӲһһŲ
䣬ģһֱʮӣŽȥصҺſڴϣͷҾһõӣһСľ͸˹ĳΣֶĿУȴޱȵ˷ܡ
ҽ֮ʱͻȻƿšﱾŵһһ΢΢üʵʲôأ
ûûʲôѽ
Ϊʲô£ɵĿңղʲô
ûʲôſ
úøϰſţ
ðպãſһ
迴ңҿãʵǣʲôѽ
ŶŷӦ˵һ£Ҹ㿴
ʲô
֪ˡ
һ߷´һֹţصģʲôѽ
Ӱóһ񣬶˵һͬµǰеʦԼ˸࣬רŽ̸ҽȥѯһ£˼˵һ¡㿴رһʱƻ
ʱƻҽӹһ¡
ָűҽ͵ʦ˼ǣ߿ҲʣˣֵÿҲʮ졣ǰûѻΣھҪʮʱ䣬ѻ֪ʶ㹮̵Ĺ졣𣿡
ѽʧЦΪִǸҳȺŪ˸طء
бңһվȻͻȻһ죬ȥ¶һ񣬳Դһ¡֮ƺ־ףΪΣæ·ű˵ĳɼ̬Ҹӡˡ
ˡҽӹһۡ
㿴ѧĳɼȽȶӢеˣе߷ֺͷֲ˲١ϴθ߿ҲӢ˷֡
Ϊ˸ҽ⣬յҵǰռҪһˡǻĶϵζܸжϵ£˼˵ʲôѽ
ҷ㶣ײһ£٣ʲôѽûУ
æ񣬵ͷˣˡ˵
ѧڵѽǰӢɼƽҪ˼׾ӣȥһеģʦ⡣һҲƳһۣû
ˣˡҽӹӣ˷
ȥ¶̫࣬˲ѧϰҪץˡ
裬ţе߻ħˣ
㲻뿼廪뿼廪͵ó߻ħľ
ͷü˵Ҿţе̫ԴˡɼҾûô¡
У轿ǳ⣺ôأҶҪ廪ģţ˴ȥˡ
Ը߿ԽԽˣҵѹҲԽԽˣͷͺˡ
Уȡɡ
ȡҪóʤľ
šģʤͷ
Ҳ̫ѹġͷḧһ£˵ȣ꼶һ˵
Уȡ
ȡǱ롣
ұôѹ
ǡ۾ң̾ˣˡ֮ȸ꼶һ˵
У꼶һģʤ
ȻӦ裬Ҫȫ˼Ͷ뵽ѧϰȥԭζһ̣ͬբͻѾû취׵ؽػȥˡ
ҹڴϣֻȣͦȥôҲ˯žżӲظŪţȴߣǿҵĽ֯һٻӰʼԺǻӰΣ֮ȥ
ǰϣͳ˯ҵߣֱƺζ
ߣһ°ɣߣһ£Ȼ˯ž
аеһξеڶΡԴͷɱаͻݣԽԽġ
ڼ尾жȹСҹЭˡĸὡкӲߣģʲô˲ġ
ߣţŬЩǵӣѩ׾µݣȴʼռҵԺ
Ǳ¡İϣϸֵĽۼԼ޳Ըеĺ˿ȡµǣҿѹĵеĻ棬һα˳
͵İ׻ͷѨϣļ۷꣬һһ㼷¶֭ѨС
˿м䱻˺һӣ¶⻬׻һƬһë˰أֻѨ۵˼£ڷ˱䶯ţǰһͦͷѼףݺݵײڻ֬ӹϡ
ҽĺ˿ȷֵĿģһֱߣӲʼڰ͹ͷѨʱͷƵѨѨڰݣγʱִЩۺѨ⣬Ը屻ײǰʶＷ˵Ϣ
ššһЩСһЩ費ˡ͡ѽ
裡裡裡
żͣӿߣٶȣżͦѨ壬˦غײĻ׻ѨҺ֭Ľ󡻵
~ šһЩһЩ
豻HһĻ˵߬ͷ۾ʶǰһԻԲϱײĵˡ
裬治Hˬˬ
šеۡһЩ
СѨ̫ˣеˬˣ
ҳ˿ȣڼϣ˫ָƺĺɫ˿ȣӲڱ֭ͷѨڷײġžž˶Ĺͷһһεײӹġ
мٻۣҸоԼҪˣսԽߣԽ죬Žĺ˿ȣͦ֫Ѩڷ
šˡˡŰܡͣһ¡
ѨڽżͣȻһҵľ䶯Ҫȫȥһ辫µʹšһӲ̧ѩ΢΢ɫȽزסҵĺ󱳡
裡裡Ҳˣˣˣ
Ž嵽׻ѨףŽۻģһɹɵŨҺӿ

һͷĿѣ֮󣬿ӿͷ
ұ裬ұҵΣ
3.2
й֮ھκл˯ȥаûڲѡΪ緹ʱͷҿˡ
ƺƳҵеʵôˣˣ
ҵȻʵʵ˵˾䣺û˯е
һҪȷϢʱ䣬ѧϰһҲǧҪҹ
šҵ˵ͷһ顣ԽǹңҾԽŶԲΡ
緹ݻְҵװٳǰһ䣺ȻŰѸðҩˣ֢״ˣ͵ûˡ
ҴӦһĿһɨƼվЬԻЬǰ΢΢̧࣬ɫͷ߸Ь˿ϴխȹΣΪƵԵʣԵԲƳң
Ӿ͸һһ飬ŷӵԭ򣬸æʹ۱ϣڵʱǡô߾Ƶʵʲôأ
̫ˡҺߵ
費ԣͷһۣߴٵˣϽ·Ͽȥ˵ϰȥˡ
ߺ󣬱ң˫ֱأüôоеֵֹѽ
֣
˵͸оеӡ˵ţӵһתһЦòʲô£±֪ɣ
ò˵Ů˵ĵʱȷʵͦ׼ġ飬ɵ¶Ҳȷʵ±֪һһСѾͷƬ̹׽
Ҳ˵׷ʵָʲô¶ˣ˵ǲǿγȥˣ͵üǮˣ
ת˫ֲʣ¶ܵĲ٣ҵ鱨ռдۿͿ쿪ѧˣ㻹û¶һһ쵽λơġ
ҴҪüͷһ壬˵˾䣺ħȻˤŽݣϳˡ
ڸһֱڡϵ飬Բٷˣòȡԭ£Ҫٷ󣬾ٲˡ
Ĵһͬ˶ħУô׹ϵġĿǱǿѹȥģѹƵԽԽǿ
ԴʼһһЦĳ۵һһҶĹ۲졣ĺԼݣԽԽ޷԰ΡԽѹ֣ԽǿҡҲȥɱϾһ£Ҳ㲻ˡ
Ӳϰڳæһݻ·׼ȥ䷽㣬ڿɳϵֻͻȻ绰ˡ
ڳﺰһ䣺ֻù
Ҵɳֻߣһۣʾܹ֣ҵͷĪһ
ΧΧȹվȼǰҽֻ󣬲δż뿪Ĭվһԡ׼ӵ绰ȻŤͷһۣʵվʲôأ
š
һûɣ˵˾䣺ȥ
Ƶ߳˳ӽǽڣĶֻЦǺǵ˵ôôҴ绰ѽءȻ͹ȥ˵룬ϵطҪȥˣݣһ
Ҷ˵绰һصǰʹͷĥܹӵ˭ѽ˵ʱĿͦĵġ˼ǺǸԼ˽棬ϵģȥʲôѽ
ϸ룬һʱ䣬ȷʵϲϳšѲɣںܹԼ
йŮģԼᣬԽԽǾġǰҿ϶Ů֮룬ΪǾԲᱳϰֵġڱϾѾˣԼᣬǸҸ޿ɺǵġ

Ҫٻ飿
УԲк֡
ԽԽżϰ£ŵһʱҳüչʵôˣһµӣʲôأ
һûͳЦ˵϶ʶԼѹͲǿ廪ǿϣɴѾȥˣ֪ôͣԾˡ
һۣȻеңǲֲˣѹ̫ˣ
ڵѹȷʵе󣬿ѹѧҵҲûֻǿջЦѹеɡ
ɲģʵû°ɣô
û£û¡
˵û£ȴŵҪǸʲô̸ܹҸôأ
ɳϣͷֻʱʱػĻٺɵЦԽԽԾ¶ֽŮģ
Һֱ裬ǸܹӵʲôˣɹҲ̹ףҲʣŪûݾߡ
Աȥ̲סʵ㲻ݸϰϹתʲôأ
ɢ
ڿɢôҪǾƵûţȥһȦ
ҲȥҾڿɢ¶ģ粽裬һȥǸʲôܹȥ
ֻҧָף̧ңҲ˵ұƵĻڣʵҸʲô
ôеѽ
һֱ
費ңһֻ˸β裬һ˶ԭΪȥԼᣬᴩʽһ㣬û뵽ľȻô㡣ƽʱҲǴ˶ţΪ¥˶أû뵽ȻȥǸʲôܹԼᡣ
شڻ˶ЬվʵôˣҪȥѽ
һŰ˵㣬Ķˣ
Ҽ׷ʣҪĶȥѽ
Ķȥѽ
ܸһȥ𣿡
ܡ
ܱܲȥ
Ϊʲôѽ
ֿЬϵƤŤŤ˵ŮһϳţͦΣյġ
ͷһۣڹأڳЦأ
Ȼǹѽ
һۣûңϵЬ׼šҼˣַסǽ~ ӴӴ~ 
ͷʵôˣ
ͷΣܣе㷢ա
ˣַҵĶͷϣһ£ɻѽ
ģ⻬񣬺á˵ֲ¶ȼƣô֪Ҳѽ
趢Ƭ̣Ӧַ˵ٸһסתҪߣŶӣϰ~ ϰ~ 
ٶȻͷʵôˣ
ۡ
ۣţʲôϷѽ費мһתҡ
ҵһɿĻ˶ЬŸȥɵȵ¥֮ôҲҲӰʧߣȴĽӵĵϢң
~ ԭз֪Īĸ˽ҡ
صΪ裬Ҳû˼ѧϰڿｹŲʱʱĻҪһʱ䡣ɳϿӣ̲סʵ㲻ݸϰϹʲôѽ
ҷʵ˵ϳȥȥʲô
ô֪ͷ룺ɢȥ˰ɡ
Ҿûô򵥡
ܲȥ㳡˰ɣ˵ţԼ̲סЦһ㳡裬ʲôѽ
Сֹ˾䣺ҵȥ㳡衣
ʲôû塣
ҺȻʵӣҵд𣿡лŵҪȴû˵ֻͣܽй˳
һһãȻؿңôôĪѽǲǳԴҩˣ
ڿ˼͵ʵҪٻ飬ô룿
һɴ۾Ҫٻ飿
Ҿ˵
Ǿף¡ϰ踴ģҪҵʵĶҵȻҲᷴѽ
У밡ǶˣͻȻһѽҪһҪٴһŮǲֶһã
ҵνֻҪϲСͣƬ̣ое㲻ԾˣȻʵôŸʲôѲɡҪٻˣ
Ҿôһ˵
ڿｹĵȴؼңǽϵʱӵδδ߶ţֱоꡣʮʱڻˣҸɳϣ㲻ݸϰôˣ
ҴʣĵĹѽ
ëһۣҲûңߣæȥ׷ʵ裬ȥʲôѽ
ܵô
Ϻ˵ģ㺹ܲȻǸո˶վڴߣ˫߬ס˶°ڣһ룬¶ѩ׹⻬ıͻȻһԣ͵ؽشãͷһۣȥ
Ҳȥ˵ղŸʲôȥˡҽתһԣȥˣ
費ͷ˵裬ѽҳȥʲôҪ㱨
Уңܹ˭ѽʵģʵܡ
ңȵ㷭ֻ
ֹСĳġ
бңСʲôʱܹˣ
ⲻƭ
û˵Ǹ˾㣡ϽݸϰȥϹʲôġ
͸˵һҼˣЧɴ
ȥȥ費ͷذҺ˳ȥ
ҹڴ˼룬ܾеأڹʲôҵѧϰҲǰʱôˡ
вУһŪУҪǵðҸƷ˲ɡ
һ룬ΪʲôĽôأְֵ
ԣְֲģٲж͸ˣͳˣԶܸˡ
ôתأ
ǡõڶҪȥϰۻᣬԸϰһ£ʲôûϾڰæһġ
£һЩСŤһ˭Ҳû˭˵緹ʱͻȻ˵˾䣺裬Ҫ˰
Щ˳ɴ۾˭˵Ҫˣ
Ҹ˵ģ˵Ҫٻˡ
תѯ֮⡣æͣϹ˵ʲôʱ˵ҪٻˣҴû˵
˵˵ˣ˵ġ
Ҽˣ˵磡ûѧѽ
ƲƲ졣
ЩЦõ˵С㲻˼ѧϰϣһ쵽Ϲĥʲôѽɹġ
ҸоίҪ⣬ֲ֪˵Щʲô
յǰЦ˵裬Ҫٻ飬Ҳ֧
ƨϣѹͲ飬⣺ұ죡
ίͰ͵Ľϡ
ҳ죬˵á
ӹĹĵģðɵĵҡ
Ȼ˵Ϲĥ¶¹شֲ˵ףôܲأڸҲû˼ѧϰˣĶ顣ȵѧʱķ֣찲ŵȻû·ӭң⵹Щϰˡ
͵ˣſɳϿӣϰһڳšҽȥæҪ˵һ¡ôأ˵辭ϸһܹӵ˳ȥԼ᣿ϰֵСۣѴ̳Ӷѽ
ȻˣҲڳĴףƭˣҲڰϰ֡
֣Ǹôһһ߰æһ߼װµʵ
ͦõġ
ŵôûڼѽ
ȥе¶Żϰһۣôˣ¶
ʲô¶ʡ
ϰĳ˵ҲôʱΪеŹ֣ȷʵǸúӡ
ǲǺúҲ֪Щ¶ȷʵ˺ޡ
ɰˮĹཱུ죬Һϰ뵹˳Ĭ֮Сĥţô飬ίĸϰϰֺȻ˵См˵һ¡
оϰֵЩʽɵһæʣʲô£
šҡҴˡ
һΪأʵ˵ʲô
ϰ˵˵Ҵˡ
ǣһʱ˺þãüͷʵҪʲô˭ѽ
ǡ
ϰָһڣҾʹ˵϶Ǹ裬ǰɣ
šϰֵͷϣ衣
ô¶ôͻȻҪ
ϰֵıЩΪѣµĶ˵¶֪һʱԽܣǴ߿֮ٸ˵ġб䣬ƹʱ䣬ҾҪȥ֤ˡǰкʡǵʱû׼
ϰҪ飬ҽ󻹲裬Щ⣬֪ôģﾹȻһ˿ˬ
Ҫ¶֪𣿡
û˵ء
̽ʵҰϢת裿
ǵǣǸǰ˵һˣȱ˵Ҳ˵
Լ飬ϰһ£ΰ׷û뵽ϰȴȷųһذը¿ɺˣӶ»ǳ׵ַˡ
ϰ֮ĥһ죬ôôԡϰָŲ꣬Ů˽飬Ҳе̫˰ɡοϰֵӣ軹кĸģô˵ͱأ¶ȷʵеˡ
ϰǱߣԼ¶ȼü֮ϰָˣֻܿԼˡһҪ裬˸ƭˡ
ԣڱ裬ûһ˽
ϣոճҾȲĻ˶ڿ˶бɳϣһãȻĿңʲôأ
ȥɢɢһѹȣһЦ˵Ҿ˵öԣڼܲţǻ˱ﻵġǸѧҲҪݽϣʵķһ´ԡ
˵ͷޱ˵šáȥɡ
ȥѽ
ȥʲô
ɢѽ
跭˸ۣ赭д˵˾䣺ͦõģȥɡ
һȥѽ
ΪʲôҪһȥ
ĬΣߣ˵裬ǴĶƣͱװͿˡ϶֪¥ΪɢߣһǸܹӡ
ҵѣΪʲôҪѽ
ҵѰѹѽҸ˵ѽ˿׼ġܹӵǸ˾ӣǸСˣһ۾ܿ
ؿбһ˫ۣʵˣ˭ѽ㣿ô֪ѽ
Цǲˣ֪ܲѽһ˵ڣϾʶԾˣԭֻǸͨЦϵ£̫ˡ
Ȼɫһ䣬̧žҵƨϣֱӴɳϾ;͸ȥ
ǡǵĶԻЦ˵ҾϸȥҲɫɫ̬ģǸǲǶʲôͼ϶һ۾ܿ
췴ǲ
Ц˵ĶķѽϷү~ 
ҴӵԣشϸȳƵСȣЦ˵ĸϢŭȡ
һȥӯϸ壬͸źΣҸ첲һ£ǵۣʮáѵѧϰɼȥǲһû¶¶⻹뿼廪šعȥ㣡
üͷһίԹôڵģĶ˼ϰѽҲܣȥĶҾ͸ȥĶ
ҽĶɳվһţÿ
Ļȥˡ˴ĴָЦ˵跢ⷽ棬רҼġ
ＱòУûˣƤӡ
ߣ׷Һ棬ʵʶ˸ѣôżʲôѽ
һ˵еġ۰ôãҪһСĴĵͱ˸ˡ
Ӧ䣬Աߵķ͵ش򿪣ŭص˳ҵԴһߴһҧгݵСƤǲ
ҴˣѽҴ~ ұͷܣӻ
ǰĶ飬˼ȥ¶ɴС˵Ӱ쵽δҸأŻӦøһģ¶˵ˡ
ԥ˰죬λƵǰţ˰죬˵һ
贩ſɵļҾӷڴͷֻ޳Ȱһֱֱģ̧ͷһۣʲôҲû˵
裬û˯أĵЦ
ޱ˵˾䣺ϻ˯ѽ
Ҵ˹ȥ£æһۣʵʲô
ҵƨɸոհ棬ôһǣŵøϽվεЦʲôҲѽ͡˵˵졣
û˵ڷúܣ졣Ͻݿȥ
~ 
ʲô裬ȥ
Ҽ࣬ûаͨڵأε̾˿תߡҪʱȻ뵽϶֪ŵңķң˵ǸɴҹˣαػҪҽأ
ԥƬ̣׳ŵӣ˻ȥ̧ͷһۣȥôֻˣ
裬ǹʲôҪôĻѽ
ңǹʲôΪҲ֪С˵ûѣĽˣҪ׼𣿡
ǡҪҿ԰һ²ο
òοһۣҸҰְ֣õŲο
ˡ
Ҳ˵е㻬̲ס͡һЦ˳ָϽ
֮СƬ֮ҿ˵裬Ҿܾû棬ϲĽˡ
Ҳ㽻ģû˵˫ֱأתһԡ
һ£ܵǱߣ棺ɣǵϴôҵ𣿡˵ţϣ컨壬˵ǻϴ˭Ҳ˭˵˵ﻰ
豳ŴͷͷңɵһҲûӦҼˣ˵裬һ££¡軹ûзӦ˵裬ѹܴѧϰѣһ˶ҽ
֪ںԥƬ̣ҿĵ˻ȥ粢ż磬۾ֱֱ컨壬ԥһ£׳ŵӣץסֻ֣ϸ⣬壬һ񣬺ò
ܵ˾ţѿŤͷңʲô
ĺܽҪһˣдůҵϣоֵģġ
ⲻҵǣ֣۾Էڽ
һ˵˵˵ˣǣ־Ͳˡ
ɺã۾ֱ컨壬ã˭Ҳû˵еΣʵ̲סˣʵ裬ô˵ѽ
û˵
Ҫ˵ô̸أ
Ҫ̸ġ㲻˵ѧϰѹ𣿡
һ£̾Ҹо군ˣʲôѧУҲˡ
˵㿼ϿϣӼȥҿɲˡ
ϸĿڣҾеѹѣһǺĵġĶܿϣҾǱ廪ȥġ
㵽̸ĵģˣƤӵģ
Ȼ̸ĵġѾ̸ˣֵ˵ˡ
޻˵
裬˵õģҪ˴̹ϵġ
ĬƬ̣˵˾䣺ںܲˬ
Ϊʲôѽ
ΪҵĶҲˬ
ôˬˣ
֪
ЦõĿ裬̧ˡ
СӾҺܲˬ
ǣҵĶˣܸ˵һ𣿡
ҲӴңС㲻ǺųƸŮ֮㲻˵Ů²ʲô
ҿ裬۾ؿбǹһĨ΢Ц룬С˵һ١
¶ˣ䣬һҵԴϡ
ѽ~ һҽУһᣬЩӴϷȥüͷ˵裬̫ˡ
ңСҪٸҸˣǻͲһƵ¶ˡϽݸϰȥ
˵꣬跭´ЬߡЩƣ˵һݣôԼˣͷʵ裬ʲôȥѽ
ϴ裡Ͻҳ
ĥĥĴӴմ뿪䣬ֻͻȻһϢ￩һ£ԤУϢӦþǸʲôܹӷġ
ֻͷڴϣҲûڣֻƽˣֻ֪ѡҪ͵һ£Ҳֲ˰
вУ͵˱ֻǲµġ
ڱ衣
΢һɿֻ⿪ϢȻܹӷģд˵뼯ϣصϽ԰ſڡ
Ҹ׼Ϸ¼ͻȻ˽ŲҸϽֻ˳ȥװµߣ˾Ǳ
˵ҹ˯Ϲתʲô
Ҹˣգ۾ĿңԴҩ
صң˷ܵŲ˵㣬Ͻ԰ſڡߺߺ~ 

ף
ôϹ׽ŵĸо
3.3
һҶĥš׽须£ѹû˼ѧϰ
ò̵˷ѧ֮󿴼˫ֱأڿɳϣЦŴ˸к裬ڼѽ°๻İ
١Ƴһۣ֣
Լĸое㲻ԾСŲ˹ȥ͵۹۲죬ɫ糣̽Եʵ裬ѽ
Ҹ׼һ
һЦЦټǰһĹҵİ֪Ǻ£ڨЦⲻ겻ڵģҲգҪ
ȻִǰóһԾ˵Ҿе̫ˣɢȥʦҪһЩԾ˵ţԾǰһƣˡ
Ծ꣬ߣҲѧġ
Щȥˣȥʦ
Ŷӣ̲סЦһ¡
ʣЦʲôôӣܸ𣿡
ûаǷϣֳϣҲǿЩӸˣǸоǺܹѧҵˡ쿴٣ôӣе㿪ġ
ҧҧ´ĳ˵ҲǲѧҵҲʱʱ̶̿ɡѧѧҪǿԼÿԾ˵ţƳһۣǣǲǶҵ¶еڹˣ
ӵĹ裬ѵӦ𣿡
ӦõģеֹˡĶȥʲôҼ˭Ҫ㱨⵱ģһɶû𣿡
üͷ壺ⲻǺ
ʲôѽ
ҵͷίС˵ҡ
ĬΣ̾˿Ҫúõģô᲻أ
ܹ˭ϸ˵
εҡҡͷôܹǡ
ؼʱ̣ˣͷűӣŻŵѪ裬Ѫˡ
˲ңȥ
˵һ룬ѽѾͷʱ粻ƫƫؼʱ׷ȥʵ裬ܹʲôѽ
űСԴͷ˵Ȼ˵ûѪѽ
Ѫˡ
̧Ҫңǿнסȵ֣ҩȥ
û취ˣֻʱ׷ʣȥҩ䡣ĥţܹӵǲѽ
һͨڣﱱѱѪֹסˡʱһֱ͵͵۲״̬һԥã̲סʵ裬û˵ء
ʲôûзӦ
ղ˵ģܹǡ˵һ롣ܹʲôѽ
ĬƬ̣˵ܹʶһѣҲǸûáڿʶģ΢ţһȥͳ˺ˡ
ûã
еΣˣ˶Ǹոѣյһһȥ˵͸ɲһ췹ˡ˼ûʲôʵԵĽչֻ໥οĺѶѡ
šô˵ȸȥҲиס
ϴεĽѵسľͻ˶¡ؿңֳʲô۶أ
һ˶һ˵Ҿ˵еҪݽϣڼҪȥ˶һ¡˵Ҿż˵ģԼȥ
ɵĿע£ҳ˼ţǲδżɢС˸εĵطһȻ¥ˣһǣ촩Ĳ˶£һɫ˿³ȹϹѩûд˿࣬ϲһ˫µĺɫϸ߸Ь
Ҽ龰ͷһ˻ˣ轫ϻױôƯһȥԼˡ
ΪŸ߸ЬԵʣȹµСֱ⣬ԵϸԲԸʮ㣻·̬ţϸӯҡ߸ЬڼӲ·ϣöҼɵû
ľҸ̫·ܶ࣬ɫְһ·βϽ԰δ跢֡
ĸ߷ڣ԰ſھۼ˲ˣƻͨʮ֡ǸܹӺδͷֻϢΪװʵ̫ˣվͬһŵ·˻ͷ
֮⣬һһ󣬹԰ĶŮϣձƫ󣬵Ҳʮģĸ࣬ҲǸ߸ȹͦԸеġ
ʲôĪʲô赸
ҵҲ߷߲ƽ˿ǵģԼٵȻŮʿţ̫ûƷˡ
ɻ󲻽ʱһŶ̷˳˹ȥɫװűͦĺɫ㣬һ˫͹ƤЬڴϵһᡣ
~ ˿湻ͷģѲǸܹ۹ⲻôɡ
ֳ߽֮кЦݲãʮֿġһĻؿڷƣͷƤ飬оἫˡ
ܹվſ䣬Ȼ粢ĳ԰ȥ붼û룬æȥ԰ƻԻֺͣһҵĲࡣ
ѡͦģĶĴү衣֯ҵҲǺģ˼Ȧһء˽һ֮ѡǷ볡
ϰʱ̹꣬ҺͱǵʱҲ֯ͥҺһ飬ϰֺͱһ飬뻹ǻ֡˷ǣߵ飬Ȼİˡ
վڲԶ͵͵ؿܹӣȻ˵ʲôĵͦĵġһ边Ȼ˹ȥǸܹǣһ𡣼龰ػȥмֿҲܺò£϶ỻһơ
һ鿪ʼϳˣǣ֣߽ءܹӽִҸ´ĺ󱳣ƹ£գ˫Ȼǰӽһż̽ꡣȻĵҧгݣĺܺģܿͳ˳н㡣
ȹǷҡҷ貽鱼ţţĽҪʱ§ңٻҲԸ⡣
һĿҪﲻסʱ蹭¶ףܹǰ㣬Ҫһˡ龰Ҳ̲סˣȺһߣܹӵĴϡ
ܹһУɿ裬ˤȥԶȺܴû֧ţһˤ˵ϡ
һæȥ衣һʵ̫죬һƬȻַҧ˼һңһ漴ŭСʲôأ
Ҹղһȣģʣе㲻֪ˡָڵϵܹ˵㡣
ݺݵĵһۣһѽƿżæŵȥܹӡίˣʵ裬ôںѽ
ͷңǣұ죡
Ϊһ֣Ҳֹˣ֯Χ˹ǡǶԻ֪Լ¶˼ɢˡ
ҿΪˣеӣۣһӵĻûطй볶ɤӴ
ܹվҴ˵Сҹ
֪ҵǸҹ⽫תһԣװû
ҹûУ
Ҽ跢ôЩˣĥĥ˹ȥֻܹӷҧϰϵֹġ˵ãСǻԺ󻹸ҹ費
ңŭŸʲô̵ܰǸ
ҲҲ죬ҪͷתһԣȻӦʵ̣ܰŮŮİ
ɲѽϽǸ
ܹӷЦ˵ϡСưѽһߵҡȾ󡣡
ֱʱҲܹӵȻˣȷȷʵʵǸŮġ˵ˣˡ
ܹӣǸܽ㣬ԲǶԲ𡣡һ˵һ߸ʹɫ
æϹṆ̀ܰǶԲˣ治֪ΪеءһΪ빴ء
ұ죡ȳ⡣
ܹӰڰ֣ˣҲǹ㡣
ȥɡǸ˵
òãԼȥͳˡ
æڣ̣ܰȥɣȡ
бһۣΪ˭Ūð
ȥ԰һƳ̳һܹͬ˻ȥ
;Уغ·ϣϡ٣ƹİߵĺܿ죬߸Ьû棬ġա
׷Ǹʼղҡ
裬ˣ治֪Ҳ˵ˣΪǡ
ͻȻͣ½ŲͷңΪʲôѽ
ΪǸеģΪ빴ء
üͷһ壬еģ˼ѽ
˭¥§ôģһˡ
ܲ§˵ˣʲôʱҸˣ
ǣǰȷʵû裬ǱϾǰǰҰֻû飬ǵзġ
˭ѽܵô
ѽЦ˵װıӡ
üͷ壬̾һ˵ôô˵Ķϡ
ҲˣⶼʮˣҲ˲ȥˡ
㡭
Դ֪ܹǸ֮ҵȻʣƤҲˡ
裬ϵǸһؾһԲĸϴˡ
ҵǸʲôáߴһţˣ˵Բˣ
ǡҪȥ̵ܰǸ
ң֪˵ʲôˣ֮ŭ̾˿Ҫˡ˵꣬תǰߡ
׷ҲȫѽһֱڵģҲ˵סûңǰУҸں棬˵Ҫ˵ܹǸŮģҺαôżء
ͻȻͣһЩײıϡͷңҽѣҪ㱨ѽŮʲô£
Һ̹׸裬ǲ⻰û취˵ֻ˸ڣҵҰֿѽҪˣҰôѽ
Ҹֵ¶õܰһ䣬ȻӦʣˣһûأô֪ڹ԰ģң
ǡ
أʣ͵ֻ
ûûУҸæϣǸղɢÿţ͡ˡ
ңߵһС㳤ԺҳţǲǻҪȸ㱨һ°
ǣҪʲôڵģҲ˵ⲻǵǶһˣȥĶˣʲôˣŮ󷽷˵ˡ
˵ʲôѽ˵½˸ѣÿϳȥڹ㳡ϸһ˵һ룬ȻͣϱЩΣƬ̣ߵһתǰߣҡ
費˼ˣ
ҺȻΪЩɰæ׷ȥЦ˵ڹ㳡ϸһ裬Ҳûʲô˼ѽˣе罻Ҳġ
͵ͣ£ͷؿңʲôѽ
ʶԼ˵ˣæ绪ïͤͤ껪Сұ񡣡
쵽ĺ˵˵
ҵ˼ǣûҪҴŵģûЦ㳡ģʮС㣬ǡԺԴ󷽷ȥҾ˫޳ɡ
ʲôѽһŰ˸ˣԺ˼һô迴ңȻЦһԺҸ飬ǿ׳Ҳ򲻹֡
֪ڸҿЦǻæ˵ܹӣܰ̾ͦõģǧ顣
Ƴһۣû˵úõһˡ˵գҪǰߡ
ͻȻĳһͷæǰ˵֪һûʹ죬ɣô
㣿鲻м˻ᵷ֮⣬㻹ʲôѽ
֣Ҫȥ֣򿪣ͥڣ㶪ˡ
ʲô˵ģ˵ΧҲûʲôˡþûˡ
Ҳģȥ§Ӳס֣˼£ûѣҲˡ
Ҵġһડડડ
§ʼŽ衣ûˣʱʱĻȵĽţŭҪƿȴ§ýģûֻյ˵Ҫ㣡
ʱЩɬԽԽĸӶˣľĺӱС·ϣƵ·£˵衣
Ұһ㣬ϸ߸Ь󣬼ҳƽ棬ĺܽϵ㣬·ϵ£һ궯
裬ǵǰϰֽ𣿡
Ƭ̣ġšһ
ʱǹö࿪ѽ
ޱңû˵
ãС˵˾䣺ʵڸġ
üͷ΢΢һЩ˵˫ۣˮӯӯʧģıǼһ˿ϸ촽󣬴ԲɰҵԺ︡ϣʱ͵͵Ļ档ҵһ¶Ȼʹȥĺ촽ϡ
ʱ·˲һ㣬˲۾Ǿ㵣漴ı˷ŭֻ飬пֹ֪ǳأһˡܽһ̱㣬ǸǶô顣
κ͵طӦƿȻ̧ҵϺݺݵĳһơѹ㵵Ŀ裬ֻճ죬٣ŭҪͣȴ֪˵Щʲôݺݵصһۣתȥ
üͷһԼţû֮࣬һ˿˵ĵ֮顣
Сλƣʼղ§ֱ賿һ㣬ĥĥĻص˼򿪴ųһۣŵƣѾ˯ˣŵŽż⣬ŵĻصԼҡ
ҾһȺ˷ܣڴϷȥôҲ˯šһǣʼԺǻȥȻǰҲǵľٶûһ˵Ļŭšָоȫһġ
ʧˣһҹδ˯ȥͣϣжֺ衣
֮󣬾ʲôҲûһȻģҲûѵҡ緹ʱ׳ŵӣʢһ࣬СĶ˵裬࣬
šĮĵ˵ͷ
͵͵裬ܸоеֵֹģ˵ӦúŶԵģڿҲֻЩĶѡȦͦԵģӦøһҲû˯áţҪô˵ĻҲûбô򶨡

֮Һ֮Ĺϵֱ΢Ұ룬ȴδϵ顣Ҷĸ飬ԽԽǿˡ
Ĵʣÿθĵദ崺磬Ǣ裬Ҿͻܼꣻʱ뵽裬ֻ᲻ɵЦҶĸ飬ԭǿѹǳױ˳ָ֪ǲӦôڵģҾǿƲסԼ
ҸоѾҪƲסԼˣҶռԽԽǿ˱̬ĵزֻҪһ뵽˵ЦҾܲˡ
ͬʱڵҲʢĺ͵˿࣬ʹʹķйǸңһôˣֻԽԽҡ
ôججĹ죬ҴӸѧʱ˫ֱأϣޱؿҡ
贩Űɫ˿ѩĳ£ɫȿ㣬ɢסգһ㷢ڶ¶µĶ׹ʮֵĶׯš
Ҳ֪ΪʲôȴĵҪ첽˹ȥЦ˵裬ôпѽ
ϳ˵һ䣬תʻ
Ҹڸʻλϣ˼СӣͻȻõŮ鼤ѡ
һ仰Ҳû˵ͷʻҼⲻǻؼҵ·о̲סʵ裬ҪȥĶѽ
ỵ̂ûпң˵˾䣺˾֪ˡ
Ҳɵϴε飬ҪȥȥҽˣЩɥȻ֪Բ󣬵ոȷʵһ˲䣬ҳȥ档
ǡ̫ˡ
轫һС³ҽһ䵥Ԫڣ䲻߰ʮƽӣװ޵ĻǼҾеá
֮󣬾صԼһתһȦң䣬ңоôаɣ
Ҳ֪赽ʲô˼Ѿĸоˣɵüͷŵʵʲô˼
迴˵רŸķӣѧУ·ҲʮӡͰᵽסɡ
衭ͻȻܵҪ˵˿ǻҪҳѽ
Ϊáߵɳԣ֣
һе˹ȥԱߵλӣʾ£Ȼ˵СǸĺӣ֪ΪʲôҪô
ҡĿ࣬ðŰҴˣĴˣҲˡԭһΰɡ
ⲻԭԭµ⣬Ϊá
ǡҽͰ͵İ˵һʵҲһס𣿡
һˡ
֪һסǲܵģĴһ˿롣
裬֪ġԭһΰɣҸģĸġ
ĵ𣿡ңĳ˵Сʲô⣬֪Ҳ֪֮һֱáݣΪҾֻʱģһ᳤ģġҷҴˣԽǷݣԽں㡣
裬ģģҡҪѽ
ЩûвҪ㡣һˣ侲侲˼һ¡δ·ܳ㲻ôȥˡ
Ҳݽȥģףﶼס֣ȴ͵
ңָңԺҪˡ
æ˫֣ҲԺҲˡ
ң۲תǧܴиܵҵİľΡҺܣ絶ʡ
Ҳôϸôʹࡣ
ιǿĵѹ˵֪ΪҺãҽİš
ĬƬ̣ͳһԿףҵԣ˵ͲϣҶˡﰲĸϰÿ¿ԻؼһΣʲôҪҴ绰
ߺҴ㶵ɳϣǶ˻ƵģþúþòŻǰյû룬չҵһԸˣϾҵ裬Ǹǲܵġ
һסǿĵĿͷһ˿룬ܿ廪ĻͻҰɡ
ûңҲûκε绰Ϣ绰ÿֻԥþãջǷ˻ȥұԼôֻҡ
գۼ͵µˣ½ҪȥʡϴѧˣΪҪѵԵǰԼһӣȥ죬ΪС
磬ϴһ׼·ţȻˡһϲΪˣܿʶԿףûҪѽ
ɻߵǰ͸èȥû뵽ǰŵվǰֲ̧ͣİ塣о̾ѣ˰ôҵģ
װڼңû뵽һֱţҲţҪһֱȥƵġһʱ䣬ҪٵˣԥΣ͵ذŴ򿪣˵ˣٰͱ㰴ˡ
ŵֶ̧ЦĿң磬ԭڼѽ
ˣװˡ֪ڼҵġ
ŵץſĴӣ˽վڿҿ˵ԭסطѽšô
㰡ô֪סģɻĿ
ҵˡ
ˣ˭ѽû˵˼Ƭ̣Ȼ򣺡
ŵЦĬˡ
ҸӲˣǲԸô˽ﻹнѽ
ŵЦųҰڰ֣~ Ҳ㲻Ͻ׻£ҵĻĻ˭׳Ϣࡣ
ҿЦǲ˵϶ƭת
ŵ´һʵ磬ôҪ𣿡
Ҫšԣ㣬߰ɡ˸Ϳ͵ơ
ȥʲôѽ
ȥʲô
šһǸɩԼᡣ
бһҲеȣȻ顣
ǣҪȥԼᡣԣ㣬߰ɡ
ҿһȥ𣿡
ȥʲô
ѽһߵġ
3.4
ϵԼصʱ½͵ˡŵʱ۾˲
һߣʵôְˣ
εĻصģҪġ
½Щˣ˵ߣû
Ǿ͵ڣǵľͺˡ
½С죺ôһݣôѽ
ѽˡҲûͣק
ǰߡŵȻظں棬СβһҲûдǡ
½̳תһȦ⿴Ȼȥһ
ŵҪȥӰȥˡ
˵ҪȥӰ˵Ҫȥˣԣִ֣֮ʱ
ŵˣϴһȥĵӰزȥˣԣֳɡ
ͬʱбƲ˵˭ѽϷòáȻ
½ǾͰ˼ȥɡ
½ߵһĹĵ˵Ҳ볪ˡ
ǾȥӰ
Ҳ뿴Ӱ
ʲô
Ҫؼҡ
˵꣬½תߡæǰסһʶ
Ǹ񾭲
½üͷԺҲһԼᣬ͸ɣ
ⲻǸұ˼ſڡһأ֤һء
½ͷŤ
Ҵյߣ˵Ҫǲ볪裬Ҳ뿴Ӱҵ
иõطȥȥ
½գ۾ʵʲôط
סĵطЦĿ
½һȻӦСһ죬һ쵽Щ
¶
С˵ô㲻¶ʦ˵ˣʳɫҲ֮
ȻҸԶٺóԵģȻٻסĵط±˼
½Ƴһۣû¶ˣܲܰ
˼ȫѧϰѽ
ǳһؼңһˢɣ
½һۣ˵ˡ
ϾͿѧˣһ߾Ͳ֪೤ʱˣѵ㲻𣿡
Ķߣջĵ
һ㶼룡½̬Ⱥܼ漴ͻͷưŵʵ
ôѽ
Ȼ취˦ˣ˵ʲôҲš
½ֹ֣ѾǼҸˣ˵ĿҲﵽˣ
ﻹ㲻ѽ
˭֪أҶ˵ˣǸ񾭲
ͳֻѰһҲ׼ȥŵ˹ʵ磬
Ҫȥ𣿡
Ҳ˵ֱ꣬˵˵ҪһȥҲУƣ
ԼǷݶǮԼ
ûǮ
ûǮһԿš
ҿ԰㡭
ۼҪ̧ߣܵƣҸϽСȥ
ˣ˭մأ͡
лл硣ŵõһЦ
½Ƶʵʲô˼ѽ
ûʲô˼æ˸ڣСѾͷһǵң
Űɡ
½ɵĿңȴҲû˵ʲô
ǰԤŵС֣ǵԵõ
ҿûԶȻɫһ䣬תܡ
Һ½ͷıӰһƣ֪ʲôʱ
ֻǰԶһ˺ŵվס
ѭȥֻһʮˣŸ۾ģ
죬ϸһ£Ȼ˺
ŵĴ󲮣ϴڰŵһܡ
Ȼͦްŵģһ󲮼ұͲһ
ֵסȥ·ŵ͵ͣ½ŲĿң漴Ҳ
ʵʲôܣ
ʹ˭˭ѽ⼸Ƶĺܣ֪˭йء
½һңʵʲôѽ
ҽƵһߣ˵ҡ
ŵ󲮽üͷһƵĿңǣСӣʲô
ëѽ
ҿëءôˣ۸һûûС
˵ʲô㣿
һֱãҸᷢйһЩءҲ˵ˣɴ
ڿƣ֣ϻ˵ɡȴһ˵ɡ
½һקңԹϹ¶ܲͣ㣡
ŵ󲮿ңƽʵǰŵǸͬĸ
ĸɣ
֪ҵݣҵһҲȣϾϴǼ£Ӧ
Ѿ̸ˡ
Ҳ֪㡣ǰŵĴ󲮰ɣ
˵ͷ˵ͷ߰ŵһջؼһˡ̾
ͦģȥ
ʲôǰĥ
ŵüͷһ壬ŭ⺢ӣô˵ģ
ҷ༥ⳤôģһ쵽С
˵ʲôأʲôʱ򡭡˺Ȼסˣʵŵְˣ
ûһػ˼ֱӣŮǡ˵
ͷŵ˵һؼҡҲҵ绰
˵꣬ŵˣұ׷ȥʸףȴ½קס
ˣңô°
Ķ֪ˣŵأһȦûпӰ
ûӰˡ½ʵǸ˭ѽ
ŵĴ󲮡Ҽ򵥵Ľ¸һ顣½ҡͷѣ
Ұãʵ̫ˡ
ҽղŷ£ϸһ飬ȻоﲻԣȻ
еףоϣҲرɶˡϸ룬ʲôܴ󲮺
Űǰŵ˵ģ˵٣Ͳȫš
ȻһЩ⣬ȴҲð˰ŵľҺ½ȥǰԤ
õĲͣȥҵĳ±˼ذһ绰
ˡ
ҡֵñˡ
û취ֻܶһߣؼܼįС¥ʱѾ
ϰ˵ˣͼվһŮˣңͷһ
͸׵ǳɫ£ԼɼһϺɫִһ黨ȹһ
˫ɫϵ͸Ь
ӦһŮˣЩڷ飬ȹµ˫Ȼ˿
ое׳Ů˵Ƥܰף׵ķ壬ţ̣
Ůջزһܴ
к棬Ҫȥƣ͹˹ȥŮֻڽ绰
ûдԿףɡϸģ
е졣
Ҽװɢ߻ƹȥĵĻͷȥֻŮԼĪ
ʮ꣬ԲԲģһڿ۾˫ӣ꣬ǰһ˶飬
³ŵýģ
ŮһʶǵӢʦƾꡣ
ʦӦڸϹ绰ϱ鿴Щżˣ
˵ϸϸģᡣ
¥µ˺þˣϷûء㵽æʲôѽ㲻
ѽֻﴫ˼ʦ촽̾Ϣð
ðɣæɣæɡ
ʦҶֻͷ˼Ƭ̣ע⵽ңƬ̣
ȵʵС
ҡ
ôأ
Цָָ§ϣס
סʦƺţǰôûѽ
˵ոģѧУѧһЩ
Ŷǵǡʦַһ¾򣬵˵ͷ
ҲǺģһĬվЩˡ
ŵ绰ݣòԵ˾䣺ʦûԿ𣿡
šʦص˵ͷ
ǡҪҪȥҼϢһ
òã¥µһˡʦЦ󣬶˵
˵Ҫิһ꣬ʱҪǸϽؼҸϰȥɣҾͲˡ
ѽûдšӢɼر𲻺ãҲ֪óᣬ
ԸҿС
ʦЩĶˣԥ
ôˣ߰ɡҲֱץס󣬽¥
ʦԵЩֲ΢죬ǣǰߡ
ʦرʦƽʱҲôƢܺ۸
ӡڽ̵Ǹ߿࣬󲿷ѧҲ֪ѧΪʦҵ
Ӣɼһֱ̫ãʦҪκ󸨵ȥʵ̫࣬
һֱҲûʱ䡣û뵽ᵽȻʦסͬһСҲ֪
ϣǡԵ֡
ʦԲ⻬Ƥְۣģʮֱֵ
ݿڣʦѿ
ʦ򿪵ƺЦŶ˵ʱļң
СӦøҲɡ
ʦҿ˿΢Цŵͷһ¥ģͶһ
ʦûԷɣ
ʦһ漴æ֣ûϵûϵ㲻ùң
ϰȥɡ
ʦ˼Ц˵ҲûԷأԵһ
Ͼͺá
ҽʦɳ£˱ˮ򿪵ӣȻȥæ
ˡҰ֮࣬ʱʦˣԲ˵㻹
ѽ
Ұѧġ
˲òࡣ
Цʵ⻰ʲô˼ҿŲǻӰ
ʦЦͷ˵ȷʵѧУƤо̫
ҳӡ
ǰȷʵᣬոѧġ
ĬƬ̣ʦ˵ɡ
~ òãؿϢȥɣϾͺá
ʦҪæƴǣЩ˼뿪˳
æ˰Сʱ򵥵һЩˣϲ輸֮ʦԵЩ
нЩ˼꣬ߴ£Сĳһڡ
ζôڴʵ
ʦ΢΢һЦЩˡȻϲҲʵû̫̣
˿ζ
˵ʲôȴҲ⡣˱죬ʦ
ħ˱졣ĬĬسʦʰ꣬Ȼ
һʱ䣬˵ʱ䲻磬һǻȥɡ
ҹʦϹûֻǲ˼ѧ̫˶ѣ
Ȱ˵žŵ룬ƽʱҶǸϰʮ˯ġ㲻˵Ҫ
⸨𣿽Ǹûᡣ
˵ʦƴˣԣҽ
Ӣ︨ʱʱشʦĻòԶ
˿Щ΢֣ʤʤηʣ
Ƥ׵ľţ̣ͬŮĽ½ۣˮ
Ϊ͸ƬƬѩۼ¶⣬ֱµ
鷿ķӯβ˶ԲȹµСģȴҲ
޳ȳơ
ʦԲԲģ̣˫峺Сɿɰ촽Ҳ
ֵֻԵʣӤʣ˵꣬ȴ˼ֺͯ۴

ʵʵ˵ʦ㲻ŮҲһͨ긾ŮŴҲȽ
ءǰѧУŮʦûעʦ
۲죬һֺرĸоϵϢζ
ǳ츾еζһ㡣ո׳
ѬζŨң˺ɶɵϢɵýЬ
ԼĪ˰СʱʦӵϹĵ绰˵ѾңϽ
ȥʦҽһЩѧϰϵĶȻؼȥˡȻѾˣ
ڷζȴþ޷ɢȥ

մҴҶ
½ˣҲʽѧˡһ¥迪С
ţеЩ⡣ԴӰᵽ֮ҲûңΪ
ӺͱƣҲûлؼң£ٴμ裬Ǿϲί
ζӳ£Ҳ˵ʲôζ
ߵԣЦЦʵ裬ôˣ
쿪ѧǸʦᣬĹľ
ҿЦ˵ȥҰֲǲμӹʦ𣿽Ͳ˰ɡ
Ƴһۣϳ
ҹԹԵ˸ʻλϣһ̵ѧУ
ѧۼѧУٳϣ뻮һУͷϻŲ
棬԰༶Ϊλڳ󣬷ǰ˺ɫдֱʤ
ţס꼶ѧڲٳΧжҳҲ˺
ΪǼ͡
ⳡȥͼˣʱҲѪڣҪȫĵͶ뵽߿
Уתͷͱ޾ķ¸סˡ
꣬һҪƴȫ
ʦʱѾ쵽ˣѧ֮Һȥ˳ȥǼҲ
ò͡Ҫһҵľģȴֲ֪οڣֻܵͷԷ
ЩΡ
ĬãóֻƬ˵ĵģ㿴
ҽӹֻһۣƬڶУŲӾźӣģ
ЩЩܡ
оôʵ
šиɾ˵⻰е顣
ңĳ˵һرרעʱʱ
ߵ¡Ƿȱľרע
š
˵ʲô𣿡
ҵȻ֪˵ʲôĵ˵ͷ
΢Ц˵Ҫеľѧϰϣῼһ
ѧҵһݺùȻӡδǳõġ
˳ȥ룬õĻƺ֣ҵǰ;һ
ƬǣڵЩӣܲζ
裬Ժôѽ뱲һ˹ѽ
ͷֳգŲӣ˵һ˹
Ҳûʲôá
ҡ롭
̧ͷң˰ҲûҼ˵ʵʲô
ԭ˵Ҳˣһӡֻ˸ͷʶ
⻰Ϊˣô˵ֻΪѣҸʧ
롭ٳһ㡣
ͣߣҪţӭһڣ˵
ЦһȻϰ֡ŵһʶŮӡ
ǿͦĵģϰŤͷȥЦŶǰŵŮ˵Ҳ
ζǳãǳһξ֪ˣҾԷ˵ͷ
ҺվǰԶɵһ㶡
ϱЩһѾ촽΢΢һ¡ϰֵɫЩΣ
ŵǸŮվ￴ǣҲ˵
ĵشǣŮ˿ҪһЩĲƯ
Ҳӡû
šѲɣϰǸٻ
ԴӰˣ⻹ǵһμ档˶Ƭ̣˭Ҳû˵
ҼչΣæЦŴԲ֣ҲԷѽҸ
ոճꡣ
ŶϰֱŹֵĵ˵ͷҪǽһˣȴֲ֪
οڡȿˣ˵˼ˣ߰ɡ
ϰʱҼ죬̧һ£ƺ
ûκжһͷŵҲң׾ɰС
ϣûκα飬֪Щʲô
һϱûκΪ˽⣬
޶ԵġҪ˵Щʲôο裬ȴŪɳ׾
ֻܹԹԵĸ
ͣ豼˹ȥһײ˸ĵ
˼Щˤҿۼֿ죬Ӻ潫ס
·ѽзİֱײġɤ
Բ𣬶Բ𡣡Ǹ
вޣվǰ˵㲻Ҳûͷֻ
ÿײŵˣҪײҽԺȥˣ㻹أ
⺢ô˵أ߳ŭ
һһѽקȻԴǸ˵
ûǴˡ
ԹʲôǸѽͲңǰ˵ƿԲ
ɡ
ʲôˣõϿΡ
ԵЩĲɣеҪĸ
ĥһ磬ǻۣ϶µǸŮ˸ϰֵĹϵ
ڿ϶ͦܵġȻȣһؼңһǾȥ
ڵ״̬е㲻̫ġ
ѧ֮һصǱߣԥ˺þãͳԿ״򿪼šû
Ѿߵˣ֪Ϊʲôû
û̻ûпߵǰ
ţιڴѯʣ
裬ҡ
Ƭ̣費õʵôˣû¶𣿡
һ
ʲôÿģϽȥɡ
ûԷɣ
ҲûеĻӦ˼Ƭ̣ת೴ˣæ
˰Сʱڽ˲
ٶȻصǰ÷ţ˵裬÷ˣ
Եɡ
ûлӦ̾˿裬ˡǵóԷθ
ãٸˡ
һת뿪ҷͻȻ˳
һƣ˵㻹ûԷɣ߰ɡ
ҿĵʢһ࣬ǰӣһڣ
ЦѧϰɼûмļԽԽˡ
Ķ棬Цһ˹Ҫǲǲ̫Ϊ
ˡ
̧ͷңҲѧУʳóԷôؼһҪԼ
ʱ䡣
ѧУǷǸ˳ԵɵʱԼҲԸʳõ

㲻ܵѽ
СֹĶмķѽ˵Ҳɾ
֮ģ㲻һԷܸͼٷҲǼõѽ
֪費Ϲһ¶ࡣҾȥĳþ߸
ûˣԼ
οЦ湻ġ
ͷӽ࣬˵ǰþǲ
ӵġ
裬⻰˵ģױʲôѽ
ؿۿңûлش𡣲˵Ҳ֪϶̬
Ѳ˹ϵ
ҿʼͷԷãȻʵǲǶˣ
ţʲôһʱûзӦ
һԷǸŮ˵¶ҿһҲȡ
Ĵָ޵裬ҹάǲԹɫĸ֡ǣ
Ұǰ˵ˣȱ˵
ָ˵ʲôˣ
ԥһ£趼Ѿôˣ֪ˡϰ
ţҲûʲôˣɴֱ˵Ұ˵ҪˡƾǸǸŮ
ġ
Դ󾪣Ҫˣ
Ҳһ㶣ԭ֪ѽ
轫һӣŭҾ֪
ʲô֪ʲô
Ƴһۣ㣡ңǸСѾͷƬˣת
ҵȻ֪ұǸŵѾͷˣתѾͷƾð˳ȷʵ
ҸôֲǱ
ŭѾͷĻǵİǼҸɢһֱڰ
衣û뵽ô죬Ű겻Ͱֺϵһ𡣡
ŵ裿費˵һ룬ͻȻӦ˹ɵþ
֣ǸŮģǰŵ裿
һۣԭ㲻֪ѽ
˵ٰˡ
˵ʲôʲôôôѽ
ʱ˵ʱҲ֪ôѽ˵ˣ˭û¶
ԼЦѽ
һֱиɻ󣬰ŵô󾢣ǼҲɢˣΪʲ
ôѽѵΪϰָ
ˣԭΪ˰Ǹߣڳλ
λȻһڡΪ˲ȡҵͬ飬ѳԼĸΪ
ȡһҵͬ飬ˤԼȡѾͷǡΪĿģֶ
ѽ
Ҽ̽ʵ裬ʲôأ
һʲô㣬ף֣һ
֪˵⻰ﾹȻЩϲ
ϻװѹӣŵССͣô˼ܣ϶
ڱʹġĸŮ̫ɶˡ裬ǲܾô
䣬һҪ
ûˡһɸֵı飬ݺݵصһۣ
ڳ˸߿ϰ֮⣬ȥЩ߰顣
Ҳ̫ί˰ɣȫǣ
ָ˭飬ʲôϵõȥȫ˼ң
Ȼ֪ôܶԲϰ֣ĺܸˣֱĵòˡ
˵ģȻǺܺްŵһ棬ел
극ʰ꣬񹩷һ뵽˿ɳ
ϡ죬Եúܲͷסش
һؼҡҴ뿪ʱǡûҺ󣬾֮࣬ϲ
֮飬ʵѽôˣ
ҵļңôܻˣ
˫ֲСԴ۾ңкأ
ú˵ǲ
ҽһԣѹ˵鲻ãɱѽ
ԽǱȥɫ䣬Сңô
ѽö˶˵ôˣ
ҹصĶ˵㲻úѧϰһ쵽Ϲ棬
ĲСñ裬Ͻѧϰȥɣ
ԣҵĻŰɣȷʵɫƣǲҵ
ҲȥŶӡҴææĻЬһԵģͷص
Լ

ΪķԸѧУʳԻؼʱе
ˡ˵ݣӿڴԿʱְⷢŵڼԱߣб
Űﻹһ߲ˡ
ҵͷ̧ͷңҽԿײšţͣƬ
̣Ťͷ˵˾䣺ɣء
ŵæվЦĸҽ䡣
һ߻Ьһ˶ˣ
ѧˡ
Է𣿡
ûС
ҳһЦãҳˡ
ŵ۾һЩðŰĴЦ
˵ҿԼٳԵ㡣
ˡ㻹ǰ齻һ°ɡ
ʲô飿
ת磬ϰһȥŮ˭ѽ
衣ŵܴ󷽵ĳˡ
㲻˵Ϊ֢ȥ𣿡
ƭġŵһЦ
ôֱ˵ĳϣҵЩ֪ˣȲ
ķʵôΪʲôƭѽ
Ҫͬ¡
ŵ׾ѩ۵СյҵĸǰЦʵͬûа
ҿЦ˵Ҫǲͬ㣬ܱ㵱ˣڱɵ׼
ͥˣͬ𣿡
ҿԲѽ
ʲô
Լѽ
3.5
ҪôңбŰŵ
ҿ԰ѽ
ʲô
ѽ
ҲҪ
ɩѧȥˣһúܰɣŵ̧˸ߣƣЦ
˵ҿ԰ѽ
ҺߵһЦػؾһУûʲôʻˣ
ʵģŵҧָ˰죬һתһЦ
ô棿ҶԵġ
붼û룬ִ򿪴ţӿ⣬ͷ˵¥
棬𣿡
Ҹѽ
ŵ߳˼ţһѽƵǽϣȻĿ
ŵǽϣŴ۾ãʶؽͷתһԡ
ס°ͣСԴת˻ǿҡŵ΢죬
Ҳ֪ĺߣϷʵô棿
ûʵȻô̹ף㲻˵˵׻ж
ң
ûŵһ˫۾һգһգģȻƭˡ
һ˵ϵǱ󲮺̴ģ˵Ű
㡣⻰мأ
ܽȥ˵𣿡ŵЦĿңҶˡҽȥ
ǳԷʱϸĸ㣬òã
áն˵
ǡǸʲô𣿡
Ȱ۾ϡ
ʲôѽ
֪ˡ
ŵգգ۾ԥΣ۾ϣʶĽСԴ
ǰСĺܾºܿɰҿɲٱСħŮԻסˣ
ϵصڣЬװ߲˵Ĵӣһ˳ȥȻ
ۡһŹϡ
͸èȥŵƺδϵƵģ߲˴ӣ
űߣȻŴŻ˻֣С߿ˡ
ε̾˿һ˺޵ȴ׽͸Сħ
Ů

ȥϰۻ죬ǡǸաûѡڼ
һҲ
磬Һͱһȥģֳϰ֮⣬ŵ
Ҳڡһμŵ裬ЩƣҼ龰Ѿ
һЩԤСͥۻὫŵһμӣҪ̯ˡ
ϰֶǽʽĽܣ˵λ̣ǰŵ
衣
ЦųǴк
üͷ壬һѾıӦѾٲµЩʲô
ϯڼ䣬ȫϰֳգҺͱŵ裬ûô˵
Եһ룬ϰ־ʱˣɤӣ֣µĶ
˵š¸ھҪ̽ˡ
׼ˣȽ̹ȻĿɿڴӣȻǱˣ
촽˶֪˵ʲô
ϰֿǣû˵ڵӦãһ
һƱȻϰǰù˰׾ƿԼһϰЩԣ
ұϾѾˣҲûֹҡ
ҾƱϰһ£һȻĶϰ˵
ѡ񣬵ҼĻ¡
ϰЩ⣬ſվƱĿңüǰ첻Ǹ
˵ˣ㵱ʱô֡
ҵʱֻ֪ϰҪ飬ףѡ񡣵ǻɲ
֪ǰŵ衣ףҾ̫Բˡ
ŵһԲҲƽʹͷһ
Ρ
ƺҵ˼æָͣ粻ͬ⣬Ҳͬ⡣
ǣǡϰּԼϷһʱ֮䲻֪˵ʲôˡ
ϰ֣ҵ̬Ⱥȷ˭飬Ҷףŵ飬
ҾͲͬ⡣ͣһ£˵Ұ֣ҪʲôҲ
ס
ϰҡͷ̾Ϣ˺ð죬ҧ˵̻ˡ
õɴ۾
ŵЩ죬קקϰֵ䣬ƺ˵ˡ
ϰû˵ϾҪˡ
⵹еҵ֮⣬ҳŰŵ˸ĴָȻ
תͷϰ˵һǾ仰Ұ֣Ըʲô͸ʲôҹܲ
šǰŵ裬Ҳϡ
ҸԼһ׾ƣٱϰ˵죬ҿ϶ǲȥ
ˡ쵱ӵģ͸ȸʹ졣
ϰƺ˵ЩʲôȴֹƱȣ
ϰֺȾƣСС֣㵽ֹһȴһſ
ϰʹҲԳȵһΡ
һߺȣϰһ߻ǵͯȤ£˵˵ţͿ
ļ˵ҶԲ裬ҶԲͱ
ҲѹоԲϰ֣Բ裬ϰ˵
ҵĴǵӵĴҪңҲɢˡ
ûһ֮ҵĴ
ŵȰϰٺȵ㣬ȴϰƿǳ⣺ҺҶ˵
أһȥ
ŵίΣתһԣˮŵס
֣ڹο
ϰѾЩˣ涵ĿңСǼĳӣ
ͽˡһҪչ˺á
Ҳεת֪ˡϰôһ˵ֱסļ
򣬽§ڻ˵û⣡ͱͽϰ
ͷİɣ
ǣôԹԵı§ţȻûзŵڶ棬
ǣҧ´Щӡ
ʱϰѾĲʡˣŵԱ
¥µĳһԼߣҪңȻͷֲ嶫
ˡ
ŵҵһ࣬Ҫңȴֵ˻ȥƽʱ
СħŮȻ¶ѹĵı顣
ŤͷŰŵĴָԳЦ㡭Ŀġ
ѾﵽˡǡŮ㡭ŲߡҲ㡣
磬ߡƳһۣҪ뿪
ŵͷĬã˵ǰǸְ֣ҲȾơ
ţû˵ʲô
ŵһ̧ͷ˵ǰǸְ֣Ҳ
ÿκˣҶֶţΪ˱ңÿضıˡ
۾Ƭ̣˵һΣȥɽ
Ҹң軤ңʧֽȥ
ˤˡ
¶ҵǵһ˵Щ𾪡ǰϹεˣҲ֪
ЩǼ٣ߺʵ㡭˵Щʲô
ûʲôҾǾ̫ˡΪʧ꣬
֮󣬹ûˣҲֻʣһˡΪңҺ衣
Ȧģȴǿţдʹ𣬿
Ϸ
Ҳ֪˵ʲôĬƬ̣˵ҾšҲܹɣ
Ǹá
ŵһ±ӣ˵֮Լһ޿
Ҿһҡ
ЦЦ㡭Ϊ˸Ҹң١Ǽҡô
ô˽ѽ
ҳ˽ôҶС裬ⶼţ
֪
Ҳ֪⻰м漸ּ٣κģҲûֱ棬
һڱĲ£˵ݡ
ŵվԭأȥʲôҲû˵
ΪҺȶˣ⳵˾Ըӻ˸绰һ
㿪˹
ҿӳٺɵЦ裬ôˣ
ü΢ôȳӣ˶ѽ
࣬Ҳ͡ƿ
ŭ򱱱ôôࣿ˭ȵģ
죬һί˵ҡ
ɵЦ˵ҡҰ֣ȡȵĺܿġ
һ̾ϢãȳʲôѽְϹ
ˡ
ͱߣϳղһֱűڼ裬
ԾؾϿһĳݣһҵԴ
磬ѧУѧȰͻѧУȥȻͷؿ
ΪҺȵ̫࣬һ˻سģʱӵ˼
С¥£轫Ҵӳ˳޹ǣ̱
ļͷѩĽգۻƤ£͸һ˿Σ
ǻǹ㣬ֻŸˣһȣ
ˡ
ܲܺú·üԹȾƣѧ˺Ⱦơ
ǳδˣôһС߯Ѿѩ
ϣбĵģ˵Ķˡ
𷽲žϯϰֵĶԻί̣ҵ
һ¶̧ҪĨȥ飬ɵǺǵЦ裬
ÿ
豻ҵľٶһһƣ۵ңʣ
ʲôѽ
裬һȣѹĵ׵ĸһӿͷž
˵˳裬ҡӦϰˣҪչ㡣
֪˵Ҫѵңȴֲ֪Ӻοڡ
òš
Уվһԣλƣؿ˵Ӻɷ˵
㻰ҡӦϰˡͱչˡ
չ˺Լɡ㶼ʲôˡ費ͷ˵
ҡܣҡңҾҪչ㡣˵䣬Ȼ
ͻȻɤţ֣ƣ
ͻȻ֣ɵһ漴Ӧ˵㷢ʲ
ôƷأ
ϲ㣡Ҳ֪ԼôˣѾǻˣ˵ʲô
ӿˡ
һҿ˿ҿʱ䣬Сûʲôˡ
ƷˣϽؼҡ
ҲֻĿѣǰͣתţǵõ
ƵģѹõĻһԵ˵˳㡭㲻˵Ҳ
˵ϲ㣡
ˣϽؼ˵
У㣬㡭˵ϲϲң
ϲϲҶӣҵȻϲˡ
費ͷҪקҸ첲һ˦
Уҡӡ
˭ѽ
ǣǸˡ
ʲôѽĵˣ
˵ҡңôˣ
ĻǸˡˣһؼҡ
ק¥ߣɱ˦
ҡҺˣ˵ʲô㡭׼
ŭѾˡϽһؼң
ϰ֡ϰҪˡ
ĬƬ̣˵ͽ£
ûҪҪˡ
ңͨ죺СǲǷˣ
ҲΪԹԵ˵ҡҪ׷㡣Ժ󡭡ԺҾǣ
ˡ
ҹƣȷϸûˣѹСһ㡣
ٺ˵˵ҾͲ˰
˵գҪߣһһȥ§סԸеĽ
ζֻûȣļͲ̧ͷ
Ĵȴ
ǲʧɫƵģܵƿ
ҵһ࣬ŵǲ޻վȣƵת˰Ȧ
ĵб˼һһ˵˵ԵĻֻɲһ
˺ѰľʹӲһ漴һҽС
ԭΪװģܿͷֲԾˣҵڻ˫
ɲɫɷףǺ顣
æӣҪҼ飬ȴֲ֪Ӻ֣۵˺ѷΣ
æͳֻҽԺ˵绰
ʵ۵Ժ֮䣬ֻڲͣİοңÿҪ
ˡ˺þãȻڸ˹ұҽԺ˼ں
˲پƣͷκģټҩЧȻ̨˯˹ȥ
Ժ֮ҽ죬ϲأҽ˵΢е
أļʱȽϳɹ
ʣ᲻ʲô֢ҽ˵пܻһ̶ȵĲ
ʺСҲǿġ
Ҳ֪˶ãҽ˹۵ҩЧ
ȥˣ±Ҳ۵ĲУ¾͸ɢ˼Ƶģһ㾢ûС
ŤͷȥֻڴߣЩ㲡ſҪ˵ȴ
ɳƵ˵״æˮιЩ׿
˵ˡ˵Щﲻɵһ
飬ҿ˵裬Բҡǹġ
û͵˵û¡Ժôˡ
һ˵Щʲô۵ʵüʵ裬ôѽ
㡭üͷ壬ҧ´ã˵ײһʯ
ͷǸ˵ˡ
Լ˵ĲλȻЩˣ׷ʵϲѽ
ҽ˵Ǻصġܳɹ¾ָܻˡ
ҼɫΪѣЩǣڰοҡԽô˵
Խˣλˣ»ˣܹȥطҪǲ
ˣ±ӻŻʲô˼ѽ
۲ˣʵ
ۡ
ۻС£δ֪Ŀ־壬Ҫġ
ҽ˵ˣֻ΢𣬹ʱͺˡ
Խ˵赭дҾԽǺ£ԺҪǶûˣһ
ʲôѽ
һҽҼ飬˳ѯҼ䡣
Ҽ͵ʵҽҵûѽ
ûʲô¡ҽͬ赭д
İ
ġܳɹҪע⣬Ҫܴ̼Ҫ𡣡
ȷʵʲôҽԺסͱӻؼˡҽ˵
ܳɹûʲô⣬һСܵ͵ƵģͻŵòС
ʱû취ȥѧУѧֻڼ︴ϰҵ̬ȷ˺ܴ
仯չ˵΢ƺƢˣֱǻһ
ġ
ھΰɣô˵һ£˵ġҵ
ȻҲϲ裬ԽҾԽšòĲ˰ɣ
Ӷ¶ѧϰһпվȥٶԽԽţ
оԼķˡ죬ʵ̲סˣʱҿʵ裬
Ҹʵɡǲġ̫ˣ
ԣЩ緹۾Ŀңʵ˵
ʲô
ܾڹҡҡǲǣ̫ˣ
˺ð죬Цõ˵Ӷʲôأ
üͷ˵ҡҺ£ҪһҪһ
ˣԺôѽ
ûôءҽ˵Ǽ򵥵һСʱͺˡ
ȥٶˣ˵Ǻ˺ܻк֢ܻᡭ
Ť˰죬˼˵ܻ
ѽ~ ε̾˿㲻ҽģȥٶѡٶ
ϵĻ𣿸ðܸ˵ɰ֢ûҲų
Ҿɥ˵裬ҾⱨӦˡ
ܲеϢѽôôСѽ
Ҳ뿪һ㣬¶Ǹ˶Ŀѽ
費ͷ˵벻ͱˣ극Ͻݿȥ
°뱲ӵҸûˣĶ˼ѽ
ܱܲԼŻԼˣҶķˡ
ұһԹԻȥϰĶ˼ѽԽԽ
Ļţֽű֫겻ֱð亹Ϸȥľ˯ţ
ҽͬ˵ĻټСܵϣӾЧʵڹڳ
ÿϲ۵Ҫ
Խţүҵĳͷˡ
ڼ尾жȹ˼죬ұȥѧˡǡøϸײԣ
ɼԣӢ￼úܲ
ʦҽе˰칫ңžӣʵСĳɼôԽ
ԽˣҼǵȥ߿߰ɣ
ǡûá
ΪʲôûѽԭĶҿɼΪʲôƫƫӢ
ɼôʦᣬǹ֮顣
ڷúܣ˼ûѧϰϣ˵˾䣺Ǿû̺¡
ʦңβ˵˾䣺ˣȥɡ
תߣһſ칫ʱͻȻʶղǾ仰˵
еˣתҪǸ֧˰죬Ҳûſ
ʦ̧ͷһۣһ±ϵ۾ʵôˣ
𣿡
šû¡
ϰʱͻȻŽһС

һܵվͣһ˺ʹ
ϡһϱһѾ
ôˣʵ
˶ǿʹһʮѿ΢Ц˵û
£ײһ£еۡ
Ͻȵ
Ҽȣһһ˹ȥƱˣͬѧ̲סʼ
˽Цοߵǰɻʵ㵽¶û
ʵ̫ˣѧУˣû˵ˡ
Ұڰ֣˵û£û¡ʦʲô£˵ɡ

Űʹţﷸˣȥ
ҲûϾʱ⣬ҿʵĺء
οңʵ綼ʦ˵ʲôˣ
ʶæͷϴ󣺡ҿڲ
ԣұʦǸš
ôûǸѽ
ҲգҡҲ֪Ϊʲôû˵
εңʣʦˣ֪֪
ûôذɣ
ʲôûôأ㵽׸ʦ˵ʲô
Ҿ˵ʦƿĶУΪʲôӢ￼ô
ô˵ģ
˵Ǿû̺¡
㡭ָңһʦѧô˵ܺ
ô
üͷҾŲڰɣ
ʲôвڣȥʦǸȥ
Ŷ
ҵ˵ͷת칫ҷߣκס˵ʦ
ϢءϿȥ
ʦסУѧУŸʦʱϢĵطһ·
˵ĻȷʵеˣǶºĸʦ
ѧôԼﶼܵġ
Ҵٳǰ¥û뵽ڹսǴӭʦײ˸š
ɫҴңɫ糣Ѿˡ
ߵǰ˸кʦЩ⣬ЦЦ
ʵ㲻ϿΣʲô
ЩεЦһ£˵ԲʦҲ˵Ļ
˵꣬˰벽Ȼؾ˸
ʦ漴Цûʲôûʲô
Ĳ⡣е㲻ѣ̫ˣһʱڲԣ
ȥѽ
ûʲôҵȷʵޡ
Ǻʦһλְĺʦѧϰ棬
ϴ˵ţ־һ
ʦЦˣûµģϽȥϿΰɡ
Ǹ䣬תҪؽңû߶ԶͻȻһ̾
Ϣͣ½ŲͷȥʦվԭأͷֵŶͷһ
صӡ
˻ȥʵʦôˣ
ʦͷתһԣҰ˰֣ʵ˵û£Ͻ
ȥɡùҡ
Ǻû˵ģ˶Ƶóûµġ
ʦǾ仰治ģû뵽˵ôҵǸ
ɣ´һúÿвУ
ʦһ˻ֱһᣬŤͷЦ
ûϵ
ҼȦͨ죬ȻЦݣȴڱ֮飬Ǿ仰
ˣҲɿôɡ
ʦǲʲôˣҪ⣬ܸ˵һ𣿡
ĸûϵϽȥϿΰɡ
ʦʲô£ѹҵǷֻǸ
ѡڵʲô£Ҳ˵ģٴεǸ֮󣬱ؽ
ȥˡ

ʱһΣһ¹ȥˣСܵܵˮ׽ȥеĽȴ
վԴǴ֮󣬾ҲûгˡԽżԽǲܣ
ŸָĴ̼ڣСġСӰʹʲôֶΣ
޷̼
Ҳı˰ɣ
ҽǲ֮ʱ½ʡǻˡϴλ֪
ˣʱûףҲʲô̼ľٶȲĽ
е˳
һݣҾȲĽ§ڻֶ֣šϴ
ѾܾúܾˣƺôһŻ𣬿ĺܣ㱧
ȴȫ޷о
ֻҪһһˣ§׵ģСܵܣ
ſſģûа㷴Ӧ￪ʼˡ
½ϢŽƿеʵ𣿡
żһۡ
ǡ½һۣ΢죬ҧҧ´
ôＱҪ𣿡
ӦòҪɣô˵ȴǻ飺ⲻǣ

½Щʲôҵѽþá
æǸǲǡⲻѵûһҲõĲ
ˣһΣе㲻̫ʡ
½ģ̫⣬
ҽ˵˴ϣһ޳֮䣬ָ·
Ůǰ⣬촽޳ѩ׵Ĳϣһһµšҵ
ȺģԴȴһţȷСܵһ㷴ӦûС
һ¡
½һʼûʲô˼Ƭ֮󣬽ſ˽ȥ
ֱ䡣ظеůСָżͣԾſſģ
Ƶģûа㷴Ӧ
ô£½ɻĿҡ
ҡ
Ҳ֪ôͣҡԽżԽӲ
ҵ촽ţ˵ܡ̫ûã̼̫ɡҪ
һ°ɡ
3.6
½Сļִͣ꣬ʼղӦƲƲ죬
ֳ˳
ûָ𣿡
Ҳ֪ôͣ¹˵ϣֱֲӳϣֻ
Ҹڣҽ˵ָҪһʱ䡣ܳʱûˣܻ΢ٶһ
㡣ҪɣҺһ£ɲɣ
죿½Щɵؿҡ
ʱˣҲܸõ
ҺҲãǰɣ
ŵһϺ˵˵½бۿңͻȻ̲סЦ
òʲô˰ɣ
ʲô
Ǹˣˡ˵꣬½̲סЦ
˵˵ôأ˭ѧģôƶҲˣ
߰ɣ߰ɣҽӴקơ
½˫ֵסţ˵ʲôҲȥǸԲ𣬶Բ
Һ˵˵ҴˣҴˣ
˵½ҿЦڿڣСĺܣ
סšҪųˣ͵һӻˡ
š֪֪½ͷһ
̲סЦ
Ҳû취ˣ¶ͦ˵ġҡͷ̾Ϣ½
æȰ˵ûϵûϵĲˣҲġ
ãǰ˶ˡҴ𵶵һ˫Ȳ
ָſ䣬˵ϻ˵򣡡
½æڳһСϱҵǰͷ˵ǣ
Ǵүǲ𡣡һ˵һֽҿͬڿһק¶
ƤһСܵܡ
½̧ͷңͻȻСܵᵯһ£۵İһ
˵ëۣ
½Цƽ棬ҫģʵ˰ɡ
Ҳ֪ô˰죬ߵһЦУھ͵
ɣˣܵġ
½סغ˵࣬ЦǰҶȲ
ˡ
٣½ǷǰɣĶôϻϽ򡣡
½ƲƲ죬Ȼǰ㣬ڿ䣬ַſſ
Сͷһ˫ˮĴ۾ʼ̧𣬶ҿ
ǰҺöˣô״̬£С
ǵһΣǸоĺҵͷûɵ˾䣺оô
½̧ۿңﺬżͣܶġ
ģ
½ͷ˻ü˵Ӳʱ͹ֶĵģģ
͸ˡ
ҽˣһְסСԴ
˻ȥٷϻ򡣡
½סȻ̧ͷʵҰ˰죬ôһ
㷴ӦҲûа
ұʵһ̣æҽڣǻĲѽ
ɵţô㼼ɡ
½ƲƲ죬º򣬻ʱ
⣬ͷۣνʮ˰ȫˡ
Ϣнƨۣأƺһ
Ӧʼոо޷ͦԽˣҵԽǻ
ո̧ͷ˻ȥ
½Ѿ˰죬ʼ޹̧ͷίͰ͵Ŀң˵
Ҿˡ
һʣ˴ϡ½Ҳоԣæſ
ҵԣοģ˻ûãûȫָ
Ťͷʵʲôʱܺѽ
½Ϊˣ֧˰죬˵ǸҪѯһҽˡ
ҪһһӶָأ
˵ɥ½ḧҵգϸİο
һõģҪԼ˵ˣҽѧѾôȽˣʲô
κõġ
šҲֻԼοԼˡ
½ſҵĶߣ˵ʱͿĸˡ˵
գСһ죬ҵĻ
дΪжԼΪɵΣ§ļ
˵Ǻù㣬Ⱳĸ
½Сؿڴ˵˾䣺ġ
ʲôģ
˵Ļġ
黰
˵оرŤ
ȫָܻܲҲû쳳ܡܹ˼ҵ
ϣĺܸм¶һʱУҪһӶǲĳ
̫ˣһŻʲô˼
ϻصڳ죬̽ͷһۣʵȥ
ˣôŻ
½ȥתһȦڻһ䣬صڴϣ
ͳֻʼ
ЩѾ˺ܶˣ϶ɰпƴˡҹ
Ӧǹڽģ롣½Ŵ̼һ
£ˣȻȻͺˡû뵽һöûС
Ѳɣ½ѾûҲԭʼĳ嶯˭ܰæأ
ҵԺһ뵽ľ裬¶ᶼᣬ֪
϶ûϷʣµľǱͰŵˡ
ˡ
ŵ϶ͬҵģֶΣ϶ܴ̼ҵ˵
һӾͺˡȥһֱţҲͲͷġ
֮⣬ܴ̼ҵģƾԭζ˿ˡǣ
֪ˣ϶Զҵġ
Ϊ˸βΪҺ뱲ӵҸģ
ʱƲ֣ʵôˣҲûԼڡ
Ķôܸ㵽ԭζ˿࣬¶϶ܸ˵
ģҲġ˸ڣθеܡ
ҷʳƬҪƬ𣿡
ˣʵҲû¶
ûлҿ飬˵ڿ￴ӣϢһʵ
ŻѰһᣬҪ͵ԭζ˿ࡣͽϰʱɫ
˿ͦõģɫȻһɵķף͸
˳ϸ塣
Դ֮󣬺ܾûпȥעϵ˿ˣҶ
ڹ㣬̼ڲһˣҪĴ̼
ȥʼҲᡣԭζ࣬׷
أ
˰Сʱ̲סˣʵڸʲôأȥ
ģ
裬극ˣҪҪȥߣ
Ƴһۣʵִʲôأ
ʲô⣬ܳʱûиܰȥˡ
ȥȥ裬ҲҪѽ
ʵ̫˽ˣ˵һ仰ľʵҲ
ᣬ󱻸ϻѧϰϰȥˡĥĥȥое㲻סʵ
Уɴ̹ˡ
ǣʼ²˾ġҲ֪Ϊʲô¶½֪
Ҳ֪
ֻججĹ죬СܵȻûвļҵԽԽ
о¶ˡ
ϻ˶£Ҫ˶ҵ
˺ܾˣϰʱôһᱡ͸⻬ϸ
˿࣬ؼҺѵˣӦþͷ
ߺȷûΣգĵǰ
ÿγŶὫҷϣҴСһѿĺա
򿪷ţŷζϵζ
ĺþûˣִ̼˷ִŵĸоֱ̫Ϥˡ
ұ۳Ƭ̣ʼڷڷ䲻󣬿Ϸŵ
ڣȽϷģԽ·˴ߵ¼ϣڿ
Լ˿࣬ȫ˴ߵϴ
Ȳԭζ˿࣬ڱǰ棬̰һڣ
Ϥζһȣֻһ龢Աֱͷ
Ӷ˼
ܸоһŻȼԭſſļͣ
̧ͷ
ʱſʹһ飬æͷȥֻһ
վǰ˫ԭζࡣ
Ƭ֮ĺСڸʲô
裬ҽ͡ŵȶӴתոЩɫٶ
˻ȥ

СʱڿɳϣֵֶͷһΡѾ
Եɺгˣ֮󣬼ֹ̾Ϣҽ˵
ٴˣָ׶ΣǻһЩϰģ㲻Ҫѹ
ڿⲽ鼱˵֪Ҳѹѽ
ĸôȣܰ¶ôġ裬ðѽ
֪Ƿҵ˼üͷһ壬ôѽ
Ҳ֪ڷúܣ裬ҪԺòˣҸôѽ
Ƭ̣˵ɣҰѧУ٣Ҵ
ȥҽ
ɵʵҽܰκ𣿡
ô֪Ҫȥ˵ɡ
ŶԴ˪Ƶġ
̧ͷһ㡣ѵôС£Ͱ
ˣ
ҿЦ˵Ҳ֪㲻ˡҪ治ˣҪҲ
ûʲôˡ
Цõ˵һ쵽¶ûʲô׷
˰
±˼Աˣŷܺˣⲻ౾
ЦУ㻹пˣƶ죬˵㻹ûȫ
ҿĲˡ
һ䣬תҪط䣬Ȼסңһͷȥ
죬ֹһ֣ˣûˣȥɡ
ĥ赽˵ʲôأȥǸ͵ÿйأ
Ҫң״̬Ҳÿѵҡ

˸٣ڶһȥҽԺҽ˵
һָͦõģûзԲ䣬ǳڽǣѹµġ
ұϾᣬָҲѣֻҪ飬Ҫ̫࣬ƽʱ壬
ܿͻ῵ġ
⣬ʵĽһЩԴ̼ҪȳԡָҿһЩ
ҩ塣Ҳ֪ҽǲڰοңڵĲѾԽ
Խˡ
ȥ·ϣշ̣Ŀһۣ˫ֱأ޾
Ŀڳϣʵʲô룿
ûʲô룬оҽ˵˸û˵һĻ˾䡣
㾫ӣܺõôҽ˵ˣҪɣ
Ҫѹ
һ˸ƣ̾һ˵˶ٱˣҲѹѹ
һֱңʲô취
ĬƬ̣˵ҽ˵ƽʱ塣
쿪ʼ𴲣ȥܲ
Ťͷȥüͷ裺ܲ𣿡
û˵Ǻõġ
ĹˣҪڻҪҳܡ
費ͷ˵㲻Ͽͱôϻҵģ
š޾ɵĵ˵ͷ
ˡŤͷһۣʵ¸ھҪˣ㲻
ȥ·𣿡
·ʲôֲȥҽתһԡ
ֽ飬㲻ȥ
ǻǰأôȥ
٣ô˵أҴǲ
ֱӣͷ˵Ҳ͸˵Ҳȥ
ǼĳӣҪȥֵöѽ
Ҷûˣһʲôѽ˵ҲȥҰ˲
֪Ҿ֪Ҫȥˣ϶ˡ
ʲô˵ģ
Ǳѽıѡ
бһۣ㱳ѽôС𣿡
ǣؿ󣬿ҵöҳѽ
費мĺߵõҳ~ 
ˣ˵˵ɡڷܵ
費ңרĿĬһ֮ԥԥĿ˵裬
м¶˵һ£֡ѽֲ֪ô˵
費ͷ˵ˣʲôֱ˵ɣòŸʲôػս
ǸǸ˫ּ˫֮䣬Щִٵػţ
֧֧˰죬֪ôڡתһ룬Ѿˣʲô
˼أɴֱ˵˵ղҽ˵ʵĽһЩ̼

͵͵裬ûпҲбңڵ˵
һ׳ŵӼ˵ǰ죬½
һµġûʲôЧ
һЩ΢ı仯ûнӻ
ұǰеϣϣΪ̼һ£ʲô
ˡǡ
ĬΣޱġšһûҵĻ硣
Ĵǣҿ϶֪һ˼ģװͿҲ
˵

峿Ӿͱȥܡüͷɥ
һߴŹǷһԹǲе̫ˣ鿴
ո˯š
㻹벻ˣҽ塣˵ţҲ˸Ƿ
Ҳûȫ˯ѣǿԼġ
β˯ȷʵһѵѡãΪҺ뱲ӵ
ҧǿлԼϴˢ˶
ͷβ裬һɫ˶Сģһ
ɫ˶Ǻɫֿ㣬ϴרҵܲЬǰ
ΪֹһʱĳܣʱҴ֣Ҳһӡ
еѣҲûмˡ
Ҹ¥׼ֹͣϥǰ
ֱŵףһѹһ߶˵һ֮ڴһ֮
ڳкܶôģܼ³´лһ춼
һ״̬
Ŷ̲סִ˸Ƿֲ˲ᡣ
ת˶رǰĻԲ
ټ֫ϸԵز˶ϣԲڣ⼷һ
鹵ڰϸµļϣֳ˵ۻɫ
ǡ
Ҹ׼˶۾ȴһգգĶӣÿתһ
ӣزŻζԲεȾ۵ףۻңܸо
ʲô춯š
˶ĴҲкôġһˣȥϴ裬
ȥѧоһ춼رġ
ѹǰĶȻѾʮƽ
ʱ٤Էǳĺãϰۣ˫ֺ׵档
վб󷽣ۼĽĽأ̣ԲԸУ
˫֮䣬͹һСҵԺﲻǱİ׻
ֻһȣһ¡
ƺǸܵȵĿ⣬Ťͷ㶵Ŀ
ɵһŭŸʲôأѽ
ŶŶæͷӦΪΣҵչ˶
ǰܣҸں档ˬ·в
ڳܶһһ߶˵ȻʼˣҪȥĿÿ
ʮڵʲǺܺãո𲽣ÿ幫ܼ
Ͳˡ
ʵܼأ
ҡһ£ߵһʮӦûʲôɡ
ĹͿʼˣǻãҲעȫڱ
ĵطҲûŶۡ
ļ͸˷Ƶģһرİ壬鷿ʵ̫
ˣǴ˶ģĺܽһǻ»ζγһ
İˣټ촽ĴϢ˸档
һӣڼֲסˣֱͣĨȥͷ
ˮͣߣЦ˵ʮǹ̵ѽ
Ƴһۣû˵þûˡе㡭
ˡ
˵ˣҿʣҲüǿˡ
ϢƬ̣ǰܣҸԣͷ㺹
Ƥ壬һ¡˵ҵȷʵҲô
һ֮Ҳˡ
Һ·ͣ˫ֳϥϢ졭ȵ
ɡ졭
ҵظȻţÿܲ
Ҳͦġ
ͬ˵ܲһ󺹣ȥ裬Ȼٳ緹
оˬ³ͻȻ֮䣬Ҷ弲ֳ
ϣϿʱҲ˲١
ѧУʳããࡣ÷֮ҶŲλã
ȥڽ￴ʦڲǰ˫ַһ۾
ǰķһҲûж
ԥһ£˹ȥʵʦҿ𣿡
ʦһ̧ͷͻȻ֣Ȼ۾ûǸ
۾ݻʮ־ġ
ŶСʦæ۾ãȻ˵ɣ
ûˡ
ʦһķˣֻһһˣ
ʳûСЦʵʦͳЩѽ
ţҲ̫ʦ΢΢һЦȴ͸һ˿Ϣ
ӣʼáʦûж꣬һֻ
Ϣͷһۣɵó̾һ
̧ʵʦⲻǲʲôѽ
ţʦһʵʲô£
ʲô£ͻȻϣ¥¸Ϲ绰Ļ棬
Ц˵Ӧøйء
ô֪ģʦȵ
Ц˵ǻ¶ı顣
ʲôѽ
һ£˵Թίرۡ
ʦһ죬Сӣ˵˵ͣһ£ʵ
ˣ
ţġ
ΪʲôѽһڣʦƺǾŲӦʵģæ˰֣
Բ˵ġ
﷢¶ȷʵ̫ø˵ЦЦͷԷһ
ʦִֻϢûֱӽֻ
ϡ
ԥһ£ʵʦʲôѽܸ˵һ˵
ҿ԰ǽ
ʦһۣܰʲôѽ
Сңȥһ꾭¶Ӿ綼Ĳ
ûôѽ
ѪˣҸ˵
ʦȻҵĻ棬΢΢һЦʼͷԷһòͣһ
͵͵ȷʵе΢֣岢ûҲûиرӷ׵ĸ
ҲȳƣƵԲֱͦ۾ȴʮ
峺ЦеģʮֵˣƤְۣ֬ʮ
ˣˮġ
ʦûͬ˵Ҵҳ緹ֻ뿪ʳò
ȥıӰҲ棬Ȼûʦǰʲôģģʮ
꣬ǸŮߣ΢һأ϶Ҳ
Ưˡ
ҾͿʼÿϸ賿ܶȻǿԼ𴲺
ʹܹ࣬͵ԾǺ˿ĵġ
һΰ¹ȥˣϰٻ죬ô˵ңҶûȥ
벻˼٣Ҳûȥ
ϸ賿ܣҵȷʵı䣬ǰ
죬ҲǰǿˣֻǻûԵĸƣѾܡڼ
ִȥһҽȥ赼ûκɫ
ϣرʧ»ص˽겻·ʧߡǡ
顢ֲ̿Ҹо綼˻Ұɫ˼úѧϰһ
ģ⿼ԳɼֱҲ̶á
صЬʱɳſһˣһļҾ
ֻһɫ˿࣬ϸСɵİ˿һһ̵ġ
˵϶Ǳżٻˡһۣкˣ
ҡšһЬŻңȻص˿
ͷҲûأſɳֻʵ˵㿼Կˡ
˭˵ģ
˵ġ
ֻ˿С𣬵ڰգһһεģҵ߲
ı˹ȥĲɵ˵ţֱ˵ʮˡ
ǿ湻ҵġһ˵Ͱ̾ġ⸴ôԽɼ
Խѽ
š˭֪ءڻ˾䡣
ֻһֳֿɵļҾӷøǹƨɣŰɫ
˿Ůȣ΢΢С̣Ƕȣǡܹ˫֮
زλȻЩʵУˡ
ҷĲɡ޾ɵģǲʲô¶ѽ
ĿתĶűĿ䲿λ۵Ůˮ
ȻûۼӦøһǸ׻ͷСѨ
Ҹоһȣйɳ嶯ɱһֱӵ˿䲿λ
ſſļ¡Ҳɵһ˷ܣоأҪ
ͦ۷硣
ǲΪϰָŵ¶
ûпԺôſɳϣ
ŮԲΣɫͬڿһ˫֮䣬¶İ׻СѨ
ҹ˫סСƨɣͦżӲյº
ŮѨǰһͦ
иоˣ
Ұûж͵ػͷʵ㻰أ
һæͷתһԣǡÿվڳǰݺݵص
ҡ
3.7
Ϊ˶㿪õߣһҵĽͷŤһԣȴȵķ֣վڳſڣ˫ĿԲݺݵصҡ
ղŵһϵΪ϶迴նҵľ棬ɵô˸¡
ǿװ£ͷת˻ȥʱղ˵ʲô
ſɳϣͷң˸ۣǲմѽôӦôɵġ
ΪΣںߵЦһúܡ
Сҹ轿ǡ
һŤͷȥվǰһŭĵҡ
Ʊͷ¶һͬı飬ǶҼܵıϮʾ
ҽƬ̣ԵҪԵģĥĥĸҡ
Ϸţңһŭݣȴû˵
һķëƬ̣ǿװЦ裬ʲô¶𣿡
ĬΣʵղŸʲô
ŬװһãȻ֪ӣͷԥһ£ղţղšʲôҲûѽ
ղվڱĶأ
Ķ
ҼװɵšҡղڷأҲ֪Ķء
֪װɵ㶣ûʲô취̧ҪһƣڰУãסˡ
ңؽҧѹСʲô뷨ΪҲ֪
پһΣ뱱Զ㣡ҪһҾ͸Ͼĸӹϵ
˪ؿбѹȸӭоΧĿ˺üȡ
Ҵ㶵Щ֪룬ͺһҵĻԷ硣ûУ
Ҳɵһҵĵ˵ͷˣˡȻæͣ裬ʲô뷨ҲûС
Ϊŭһһ󣬶˺һŽƽϢŭĶ˵˾䣺ˣȥɡ
Ҵ˹ȥ򿪷ţҲƵ뿪˷䡣
бɳԣҳæ˹ŵĵʵô跢ôĻ
ҺܽҪˣǹӵϢûɵһ꣬Ҳûʵʵ˵˸ڣû£û¡
ŽɣҲڰɣܾû跢ôˡ
ʱǴһʵôʲô
ұܵ˱һѡ
һЩˤһĵңʲôأ
ŷӦεİЦԲ𣬶Բ𣬲ǹġ
Ҫߵǰת˵
һ㶣ΪֵԼˣü˸Լķ䡣
ٹǰ辯ƵƳһۡ
Ȼ˵ЩʲôҲܲ¸š
ǶԱһЩŵ㣬Զ㣬ֲ˵ôףɽֵһѣƱҲס
ԼĪʮӣǴӷˡ
ɳϣµӣɵŭû¸ǰɣݿȥ
ҸæߣбȥǽԭļҾӷͰ˿˿඼ˣȡ֮˶º˶㡣
żڼҵ죬һķҡ
Ϊ˱ӣԾ뱱ԶһЩ˵ʲôҶװûȻû㵽һȥ
ԴˣԵЩˡ
һ磬ҪŰ£̫Ҹ֮ܽ󣬱鱾ȥͼݸϰ
ҾЩСˣ΢һ¿飬ͱĹѪͷ
ٳʱң뿪ҡ
ΣҲֻհ졣
׼ʰƼĵķ֪ڸʲô
ҴӷٳʱǡҲ˳
ȥʱԭſɵļҾӷϸȣ°ǡסСƨɡ
ٳʱȴһ㱡ɫ˿ࡣ
ҽϵµϸһ飬ЩƵĿ
ӦɣΪʲôϣͻȻ˼ǰ½˿ʱĻ棬ִ桢ɬԸеϣʱڱ˳
ƵЩ˼ˣŤʵʲôôң
æʵ㡭͵·
Сһ죬ͷʲô¡
˵գЬ첽صԼŹϡ
ͼݿʱʱʱĻϵĻ棬аŮ˼ɵļҾӷϸŮϹŴԸɫ˿ֳ࣬кͷʵ̫ǿˣЩ㱣һĪĳ嶯Ҵܡ
ķԸһֱŻص⣬ʰ׼У
Ѿ˶ɫ£ɫȹɴɫ˿ࡣ
վڱǰԲСƨɣʰӣǹӳ嶯ˣ̲סʵӻѧУ𣿡
ţôͷһۡ
ҾǾ֣Ҫ͵ࣿ
Щߺ죬תţҸϽֽŶס
ʹûԸ˵Ҵ·ʲôֵģ½͵·ǲŽ~
Щ⣬һʱ֪˵Щʲô
Сһߵһ͵Ͳ͵ѽ
ܵиԭɣôͻȻ͵Ŀˣ
СһЩޣһԭأö˶˵İһ䣬Ҵɫˡ
~ԭΪѽ
šԭ֪ģǲܸ
ҴűȻðһ뷨һȡ
۾Щֱɵʵ㵽Ҫʲôѽ
ԥƬ̣˵Ҿ˵һ£ôȥѧУᱻͬѧЦġ
Цң
ͷһԼɫ˿ŮԵ̧һ£˵оͦõѽʲôЦģ
̫ˡбſϣɫ˿ɫͺõĻһֺܳԸеĸо
СŮǺѼԦסģܸһС͵·ĸо
۾бңܶ~
šɤӣر⣬Ȼ˵㴩Ŀ̫࣬ˣɸŮˡ
ŸŮأ˵ﶬʱҼܶŮӶɫ׿㣬Ҳû˵ǸŮôͳɸŮˣ
ΪΪǾǸŮƵġ㴩ģǸŮģ㴩ϾͺܡܲЭܹ֡
ˣ˻
ͷ䣬תصߣȹӣ߬סڣɫ˿һһĴŮۻ¶˳
⻭ʼδǱ¿ƣǲֵ֮Сڿ㣬Ҹеĳȣɤ۷ɡ
ֱڴߣȫȻӦǹˣ̧ͷһۣߺ˵ʲôأ
Ҹæתȥ߿ˡ
žõĿ࣬ӵϴȻ˵Ҫˣҽһ°ɡ
Ŷбϴɫ࣬˵ͷһϲ
ȵʰҷУ֮ȲϴǰɫڱǰһڣɲŮ㡣
ĳ嶯֮ʱ죬ˡ
һæԭζɫ˿˿ڴ
߳ȥʱײ˸ţһۣʵʲôʱģ
ջûáҹ򶨣ʲôҲûһ
ѧȥˣ
šҵ˵ͷȻصæͳ࣬صͷ档
ҵڿֹ˺þòס
죬ЩԶ֮󣬶ҵ̬ǲ䲻ȡ
ҲͶһ䣬ѧϰȻû˵ʲôˡ
ҵеίҲǲѧϰΪܲ¶ĽǺͲûƵġ
ϣԸӹһЩһЩ͹Ҫǹҵѧϰ
ҹϨ֮ڴϣãִͷ˫ԭζ˿࣬ڱǰš
ѾûʲôζˣҵԺȴĸ˱ȥɫ˿Ļ档
ҵһ¶ҲƺһЩӦ
ҽ쵽˿䣬ñԭζɫཫͰǷ˿˳ͬʱ۾ʼ
½Уɫ˿࣬ڴϣһߵĿҡ
¿ӣ¶Ӳ˫֮䣬ɫɲһһµĶ۵Ů
ţҽ˿ȿڼͷŮۻĴʵ½ŢѨڣײš
ţµŮ½ر˱
ҵñҿ˿ȣHŪţߺСתһԣҧָڣ߬Ŵ﷢ٶӵĴϢ֮
ҸоȼˣڿѾ̧ͷҷߣţʼհӲģǰӲһ״̬ȫûȡ
Ǵ̼ȻǲɣԺƴĻţҷHŪŮˣɱ衣
ϴƷװͰɫ£ӽ⿪ڴ󳨣һ˫Ϸײǰζţխȹ𣬶䣬ɫ˿ɲ˺һӣԸе˿ڿǵһԣӲļڶ֭۵İ׻ͷѨĳHŪ
ϸ߸̧˫Ŀգҧź촽齿ͣŤţ﷢һߵ
ɫżͣԽߣԽ죬Ȼȸո΢ӲһЩûдﵽĳ̶ȣйѾˡ
ɣûκãйˣ뼰˴ﳹ׻ˣողֽ
ҿʼ˿ȱҷֵĿģһ˫ְ۵Ĵڲ࣬ͦڰ׻ѨУ壬ͷѨڵķۺ
ߣ£ͻȻоҪˣһţæͣƴţ˼£õŨһɹɵ˳
ƣ˲ϮҾôţι󣬽մҺӼһţ˴ߡ
ĸоۣϰ£ԴһѣΣĥʲôʱǸͷѽһҹڽǺͻֲ̿жȹڶ𴲳ܣ¥֮׼ʱҾһƣ룬ɵüʵô£ְҹˣ
еʧߡ̫ѨԼһЩ
𱸵ǲ㰾ҹӣôѧϰѽ
֪ΪΣͻȻоЩŭͷµѧϰѧϰѧϰе¶𣿡
Ҫ飬ѧϰϾҪ߿ˣѧϰ֮⣬ʲô±Ҫ𣿡
Уģ
ôˣ
ҪĹңͲôˣ˵꣬תߡ
躰ʲôȥѽ
ȥ˯
㡭㲻
ʲôܣһöûСɥһ䣬ͷ첽߽ݣصϷ˯˻
ʱѾߵˣ׼ͣ𴲣Ҳû˵ϽϴԷɡͳٵˡ
Ҳ֪ղΪʲô跢ôĻ𣬿Ǿѹ̫˰ɡ
ϴ֮棬˵˾䣺裬Բ𡣡
Բʲôɫƽ͵ƿǣʢһڵࡣ
ҲöƢġ
Էɡͷͣû˵
Ҳ֪ôģδŵ΢
һ죬ήҲжȹΪû˯ãǵԭ
Ϊ˿ԸҸĴ̼һЩĵģû뵽ûκãйͻȻ֮䣬Ҹоرûͺʧȥϣһŵ嶼ûˡ
صʱ貢δһڳæĮڿɳϣ˫ֱأ΢գҽǰһֱҡ
ҸоЩԣҪڣȻֲ輸Ϸһ˫ɫ˿࣬Ͱ͵һţԾǱ͵ȻҺƭ֣ǹһ˫
úõزô趢ңޱ˵˾䣺
ҳƬ̣ԹԵ˹ȥͷһԲȴűĵ
Ƴһϵɫ࣬Ȼתңʵ˵˵ɣô£
ǻģΨһ벻׵ģصôأ赽ôҵģ
ҵӷɿתţҪһĽͳ
ҵĻɶԷǰɣ
ôأĻʱʱ̼̿
ˣƶˣ
˵꣬ҵĻؿбҧ´Ƭ֮󣬳ʵ㲻㡭ô㲻˵̫ôʲôѽ
ָ֪ŨͷС˾䣺飿
赱Сѽ
벻ôֻͣƲ죬Ƶһȥ
ҷ˫ӣһ¾õġ̾˿ŭ䲻˵㡭ǾɲѽֹܲסԼǰɣ
õġüͷһί˵
õģ˭õģôҵأ

֮⣬ʣˡõģѲǱõģ
ưͳԻп˵ˡȻȷʵǱõãֲܸ˵Ǵӱģƭԭζ࣬ɱڴĶˡ
ͻȻԱͷˣҲʲôϣˣɴʵʵ˵ˡ
裬ĿõģʲôõģҲû취ˣʵû취ˡʲôе嶯֮⣬ҶʲôȤˡ
ңʲô˼
ҽͷһŤһ¿ˮ̵ӣס
Ҳף
ҲˣǷҪҸ˵ѽ
輱ſ죬ȴֹĽתһԣ˵ѧУ١
ʲôѽ
ȥҽ
ҽҽʲôѽ˵ƨңͿ㰲οⶼˣһɫҲûС⵹ãûκãйֳˡ
˵֮͸ое㲻Ծˣһ룬Ȼ˵زˣʲô˵ء
ƺҲҵĻˣͷңճ죬Ҳ֪ģΪ̫ΣЩ˼ˡ
ˣϽݸϰȥɡ
ʲôϰѽ濼廪βãʲô˼Ļص
һϣҶԼڷҲûкҳ
ֱڶ峿Ҽꤵڿɳϣɫ԰ףƣ벻
Ѿں͡
оΣҪǸƫŲڣϴһ֮ǰĨĨĳ緹
˰٣ȥҽ
ֵе̫ˣʼûʲô
ԭΪȥҽԺģû뵽ͣһд¥ǰ
³¥ߣȵʱ̲סʵ裬Ҫȥҽ𣿡
˵ҽģǴġ
ôֿҽ
Ťͷңܽ𣿡
޻˵
ҵǲôҳϣʲôԭʵףҲס
Ϊ¶ǰǰ󿴹ܶҽˣһ˵ǣϤˣоûʲôá
ҽʮ¥Ǹͦ긾Ůֵģһ˿۾
֮󣬸Ĵкӡ
̸֮ҽʹҽ˻ңֱɳϣŤͷŴ⣬˴Էڵĳû˿Ȥ
ҽ˵ɺܸߣҵҲȽ˽⣬ҲûʲôˣʲôҾʵʵ˵
һˣ¶һѹŵ£ҲǺˬģҽõңط
Ҳ֪˶ãҽһʱ䣬˵ȵɡ
뿪֮󣬿Ų豭վڴǰԶ
룬е̫˰ɡ
ҽ̸ͬ˼䣬費סĵͷȻһ´εĻʱ䣬Ǳ뿪
ȵʱ͵͵ش裬֪ҽ˵ʲôе䡣
κ󣬵ſˣҪȥеࡣ
еԥˣʵѽ
ҹǲԸ˼һģǰĻǼˡ
һȥӲһ£óһռ
ֹԹһ£˽
ŹرʱΪ˲ķУƴŲ
ʼʱûʲôоȵʮ¥ʱȥˣԭΪԿһЩˣû뵽һֱִӰʣĿռȫռˡ
豻ŲŲӽҵĺϡ
ܵһҪȥ˾촩խȹɫ˿࣬Լͷϸĸ߸ЬĳԺ¶޳ĲԲ̵ͦƨɶҵɲλãټǹ㣬ֻһȣ£Ȼ̧ͷ
Ȼ̶ȲǺܸߣӲһ㣬ůӵֱӶϣ϶ܹġ
Ҿôһֱɲһֱ裬ŷԲⵯĸоһˬ⣬һھ
ûпֱһ¥ӿ˳ȥ
߸ЬڵذϷнġա
ͷߵĺܿ죬ҽں棬֪òΪղŵǸ
ϳ֮ڼʻλϣ㶵ǰ
һԣ͵͵һ֪Щʲô
˺þã̾һתԿף档
Ϊֻ˰٣ұ͵ѧУ³ǰҵк
Ƭ̣˵ѾǸˣûĻˡҪһ꣬ô˵㶼ҪԸ߿Ϊءף
ҳΣεĵ˵ͷס
豾̧ܵҪʱȴ͵ͣڰգԥ˺þãڷҵͷϣḧһ¡
СϾҪпˣһҪס񡣡
˵ѾܾûôοˣҵůůģЩھΣЩãȻ
³֮ȥϰˡ
ڽʦڽ̨ϽΣҵȴһƬհףҪоѧϰƫ޷ʵ֣ʵ벻޷ʲô塣
ѧؼңѾڳæˣһݻ˼ҾӷȻȥ䷽㡣
ھϴ̨ʱ䳯ϴƳһۣķ֣һɫ˿࣬Ӧþϰʱ
һ£߽￪ʼС㣬ȴţΪ˷͵ԭζ࣬ÿλ󣬶صúúõأôôķϴѵڵִûѽҶģˣٵ㣬ûһ尡
ѲɡѻĿ͵ģ⡭ƺеĵҵѧϰΪ˫أѹûѧϰͰԭζóס񣬰ѧϰ
߼ƺ˵ͨ
ǡԸΪе㼤ȴֲȷϡ
վϴ»ǰϴĺɫԭζ࣬󣬼СʱǰԸ޳ϡ
ᱡ͸ĸоֻһ۾ͷ˷ܲѡ
ԥ˺ð죬ʼ޷¶ģĺһο顣
뿪䣬ߵ˳ǰһɵļҾӷϵΧȹվڳ̨ǰæµš
裬һˡС˸к
šӦһδͷҡ
Ұæ𣿡
ҪϽݿȥɡ
ŶתҪߣȻŤͷС
תɻ
죬ֹϱ鿴ʮֵľᣬ˵ûʲôϾҪԷˡϢһ£Էٿɡ
Ŷ뿪˳վǰĥղŵ̬ȣʲôҪ˵ȴֲ˼ֱ˵
Ѳɣ˫ԭζйأԥ˰Σ»صϴᱡ͸ĺɫԭζ࣬ġ
̲סָһ£ֹֻͺĺ˿һ
ӣƺȥѹģʼ²ġ
ԥ֮ʱͷ䣬ŵȶˣæ˻
û뵽̧ۼվϴ»ǰǵûԵЩΣʲôҲû˵תˡ
ʲô˼һΪֹҸ棬ʼ޷¶ġ
ʱҺڲԣͷ˭Ҳû˵ЩΡ
˵ʲô̽һ⣬˰죬Ҳ֪ôڡ
Ѳֱ裬ϴԭζ࣬ǲΪ׼ʱ跴ȿˣ˵㡭֪ѹͦģܡҲһΡ㾡ɾͺˣ費ٱˡ
Ҳ֪⻰Ƿģܾ̬еֵֹġ
󣬻صǰҽʾ֭ʹĥһ
ϴ˫˿ԭζ࣬Ѳҵĸԣ϶뵽һ㣡ֻаҵĲκˣҲܷȫĵͶ뵽߿ϰ֮С
ԭζ費Сķϴģڿ϶Ѿˣͷѹģһ뼰˴һҧҡ
3.8
߳ңһƬѾ˯ˡһ䣬ϴĺ˿ʱﲻһûȷʵ͵ġ

Ҷźɫ˿ãΡΡ֣Сţֻϸ⻬ˬޱȡרҵĸ͵õĸоֲһˡ

ץ࣬ص׼ֽȻڴϣȲ˿ӡΪ鼤Եʣ˷Ӧʰ벪״̬һһģѾܾûָоˡ

Ҹеĺɫ˿࣬ɳɳ죬ԺԸ˺˿ȡƬ̺ҽڱǰţȻܳʱˣɲζǸоĽ԰Ρ

ĺ˿ԭζ࣬ͷβ˸飬쵽䣬סӲʼߣϣԽʹȫͬʱӰԺв֣زϸ֫޳ȳƵĺ˿ȣԸеĸ߸ţһУ˵ԡ

ҵȣȺһƬʼ޷ȫ겪ЩżˣߣٶԽԽ죬ӲȲӣⷴϮˡ

־ͽٴϮż֣ɴཫԭζϣ˱ţǿҵĿһӴܵ˴ԣһ飬ƴţŨ׾ҺѾмֽϡµģѸڳЦҵûá

һĳţнϮһֶӣҽԭζÿڴϣиоޱȵľɥضûü˿ڼϣѾ˳Ҳ̫˰ɡ

Ҳ֪ǲʧ̫࣬ѾϰߣľĽմ˾Һֽһţӵ˵ϣȻɫԭζĵͷ¡ҵĸҪúղ

ڴϣ˫ۣس˯˹ȥ

Դͬ賳֮ҲûһܹˣΪѾϰˣɺ硣

ϴ֮ѾͣڲǰҡҪкͻȻ飬ое㲻˼ĬĬ

ʲôҲû˵ͷࡣҹѾϴ಻ˣҲ֪ǱȥˡȻ迴侲ϸ۲죬ȴЩƮеţڹƵġ

˵ʲôεգɻûãѾͣҴҵĻȥˡҲ֪ΪͻȻôĸ϶κܾõ˼붷

Ϊҵⶪ˵ëһҲѸոԭζ˿࣬͸ҵģôеʧ˼뼰˴ҲɵÿЦ

Ȼԭζ˿ಢûнҵĲϰκãѹȴʵ˲٣ΪڿԺȷ軹Ǻںҵġ

ѧؼңȲ䣬ۼϴտҲԭ飬˲

ôûˣѲ跴ˣ

ԥãߵ˳ǰ㷢ϵΧȹæµţƺûע⵽ҡʱգƵĻλһֱȥġôȾҪӻԽʼ

һ£Ϣ˹ȥ˸кһתңʲôأ·һ㶯ҲûС

̲סЦ˳ҪľЧ˼ʱ䡣

һĻЦ㶣漴תȥҡʱһģҪַƤľ

裬ϢһɣɡվԣȥĲ˵

ãϽȥɡݸϰʲôѽңȴ²˵˵ңǰư͵ıҶ˹ȥ

裬컻ȥŰɡ

ƺۣԥƬ֮󣬱ȥˡ

Ҳ֪裬Ϊ˸ҪһЩرٷر棬Ҵϰѧı£ȫˡ

˰ҿƷһСڣȲʵôζô

軹ЦҿĲ㿼ѧˡ

ţһʱû˼

һۣôóԣʲôѽ

뵽ϰ֣Ц˵ԵĴŮѽ

ɫһ䣬һۡæһԼͣԹԳԷ

ٴ뵽˳֮Уһҵл⣬ܾ˵ʲôʣҲ̫ˡȿʵ죬кúѧϰ𣿡

ҸæͷУѧϰǳ档

衭ϣõġ

ס

軹ϣܹԴ߿УҪһڵ㡣

֪ǡͷܾţѸ߿ɼ̫ˡ

迴ң˼ã̾Ϣĸ߿ɼɼںܲܿ廪ں㡣ѵ𣿡

ףҶףƴصͷ

С賤̾һΪģѾΪˡ

֪ҵͷ˵Ҵĵм衣ġҸоԼرˣⱲһλĸס

趢Ƭ̣ͷȥӽ࣬ôĬš

һصԼǰʼ˼ôƴԼѹת޸裬ǲ̫˽ˣ

Ȼ뷨Ҳ渴ϰûãֿʼèצƵķˡѧؼҾȥϴ￴ûԭζ࣬顣

ѧصʱƼվ¥ַǽһ׵ƵġŴ磬װȺ˿˿࣬ɫƤ߸ЬϿŰӸմӹ˾δš

˹ȥʵ裬Ǹʲôأ

ŤͷһֻۣüͷɫЩף˿ΪҺϣ鿴Щʹࡣ

æʵôˣ

赹һ˵˽ˡ

ô˽ѽ

һۣû˵ֲǹġ

ˣȷȥɡ

Ҳص˼߸ЬЬȻһȳһյߵɳԣһƨȴɳϣŽס

Ҽüͷ壬ͷ˿СţҲ֪ôģһƨԱߣ˵ɡ

˵žͽ˹ȥҪֹҵѾĽ״۵ġ˻һԴһ£˾䣺~

æ־˵࣬ࡣ

˵֮ʶԼΪ³çˣѾ˿Сϣǹ⻬˳ĸоֱϤˡǰûͣ§˿ȣԴȥҾ֮󣬾Ҳûйˡ

Ҳˣһѣ˵ȥһȥòࡣ

Ҫûж֣ôһţҲˡľѳˣôˣּ˿СţװûĻ

޶ԣҪѾջ֪Զһ£۵ġѽһҹɫ˵𶯣㲻ѽ

ؽҧɳϣٳܣ˿Сšһ꣬һ߶˿㿴ɫᱡ͸ѩ׼ɼͷǳԲСɣ׽۹⻬͸죬͸˿⣬ɫָɼĴֺСֺ򣬾¿ɰ

Ħ˿࣬ϸ΢ġɳɳҹ⽫ͷµһЩĵһŵһζ΢ĸ߸Ьζֻſһȣ֮Աһֱϴֱͷ

ɼˣֻԲһ£ɶûжҲѾϰˡ

˫Ŀգɳϣ﷢΢һҸ첲һ£˵ˣˣԽԽۡһȥ

ҡŶһĽִ˿ÿ͵͵طڱӸǰһ£û뵽һȻ˸ţһæֲ˱

趢Ƭ̧̣첲ʾҲҸæ裬һȳһյĻص

ڴ£ָ˵ҩ

շԸҩ

ڹϰɡ

ָʾҩ˴ͷϡ

˫ȹڴ˽ȥ߬סڣҪѣȻʶʲô̧ͷһۣʵվʲôû¶ˣȥ

ϴ俴˱ѿĳ˷˺ð죬ֵˣ˵ʲôܴҼǣһѽУ˵Ҹҩ

òţ

õţ

迴ңҿƬ̣ҸоôȥҪˡ֪ȴ˵˾䣺תȥ

ʲô

תȥ

ŶŶŶ

æת˹ȥȴвʣ䷢ױϵľ΢΢һһȥһֲ˷쳣

ȹӱᵽڴһ࣬ɫ˿ŵΣһ£¶ɫ˿Сڿ㣬Լѩ⡣

ҸоѵѪҪӲ˼֣ǿɳһС

ʱȻŤͷԼһۣŵһһ飬æͷת˻ȥɳϵǣ貢δѵ⡣Ƭ̣̲סٴŤͷȥֻѾѵСȴڴϣֱ𽫿ֻ˰

ȺܳϸʧȳƣСȶǿģǿɰ㾧Ө͸ϸۣ̲סҪȥһ

ҩù

һתע⵽ҵĿϣΪͲɹĹĵġʶֵһ£΢΢һ죬æתһһԣһΡ

Ҷڴǰҽţҩ׼״ͬʱϢĸ㣬ǾӨļ

˰ɣ̫ˡ

һعɿ㣬ճյ˵ҡҩ

òš˵ţһѽҩ˹

šҸȥɡ

轫Сڴϣͷź״˵˾䣺㡣

һҪ˵Щʲô뻹ˡҪת뿪ͻȻƼڴϵ˫ɫ˿࣬ǿǸոմԭζ˿࣡

еһĪԥ˰죬׳ӣֽԭζһ̧ͷңԲϱЩ㵡

㡭

˵ҰϴȻҲӦת˳ȥվ⣬ҴڴڵĴŴƽ֮˿ԭζ࣬һڣζޱȵһһš

ǿҪοĳ嶯Ҳʱظŷڿڴԭζ࣬ϸһϵΪ϶ѾӾ﷢͵ûҲûңΪʲôأ

һ飬͵ķûѵңҼҲûɴཫȫ˽һ

ͷĬûΪҽҪҪַʽҸҵѹ

ҵһϲ̬һúѧϰġ

豻ûɵļˣ㶵Ŀҡ

Ҿ˵ҿ廪ģֻˣ

Ŷ壬˵á

ҹڴϣⲻԭζһΪرϴ滺࣬оӲҲ˲٣ҳʱҲˡ

ڶһܣ׼ҷʱͻȻĽˣܲˡҵҲûжɥһ¥ܲΪԵʣо峿ⶼ˲١

һŸйص飬һŹ԰С·ǰܡȻƼǰһ΢ֵŮˣ˫ֲһߴһܡ

ҸоⱳӰЩϤϽǰһƣȻʦ

ʦϺáҸߣЦŴ˸к

ʦһۣŴ˵ϡá

Ǳˮ

ҲѽһڣҾеˣⲻϻ

šաˡ졣

̲סƣǰ»ζĴ⣬Ӧûд˶µԵʣرĴѹָղŴ߾ˣ͵͵

ôͻȻܲˣʦܵĺֲ˼ǰܣֻûһ

ҡʦͻȻͣϢȻҰ˰֣㡭ܰɡáùҡ˵ţ۾ժֲһѶͷϵĺ顣

ҶƵİݣһθоժ۾ʦֵ߶ѽ

Ҳ˼̫ãòԵ˾䣺ѽ

ʦӻ֣߰ɡùҡ

Ҽǰܣ￪ʼĥʦͻȻʼܲ϶ԭġһ룬ŮܲҪôΪ˽ҪôΪ˼ʡʦĻһĿӦøһЩ

Ҿڳʱʦӣÿܲܲ˶þҪͣЪһǰ⣬µźǳءҺ˶»زһЩֲԸʧȥ۸С˼֮£Ҳ˳Ȼ֮ˡ

ԭΪ¶ҪβˣԴ֮󣬾ҲûдˡҲȷǲ㣬ˣΪṩԭζ˿ĸˣ־ͽǸֽˡ

ǿһڣʱ̲ס˵裬Ҹоѹе󡣡

Ȼ˵ĺί񣬵϶ҵ˼ͷĬĬòͣѹû˵ЩʲôûӦ

ŰΣٴ˵裬ҡе㷳˯ž

䣬žһ轫ĿϡһŵĿ

ңЩ꣺СѹҲܴҲܷҲ˯ž

ˣ֮࣬Ρȷʵ̫˽ˡ

Բ𡣡ҵͷС˵

Ĭ˺þã賤̾һƽ͵˵Էɡ

ĸеˣٰˡҲǣԸܹΪṩԭζ࣬ѾǺܲ˼ˡҲ֤ˣǷǳңǳںҵġȷʵӦΪˡ

ԭΪѾٰˣû뵽ڶϣϰʱխȹµִ˿͸ɫ˿ࡣҼֱʼδϲɫֵĵһۣ䣬һȳһյϰȥˡ

ѧؼңһ飬Ȼϣϵɫ˿࣬Ȼϴҵǹɽһ֪ݡ

Һԭζ˿࣬ȴ˸С֪ľһǿҵ˼붷ģѹһܴҲΪԼѹת޵ϡ

ԥãǷλᡣڶϣ迴ҵе֣û͵ԭζ˿࣬һܲ˼顣Ҫϵҵ⣬־Ų˼ҲôĹȥˡ

£Ǻѹסġ䣬ʢƫƫֵ˵ë޷йѹ֡꣬˱ıԵ

ϳϢʱʦͻȻ˾䣺ʲô𣿡

һʵܿĳ

ʦЦЦǳüصӡҼǵǰͦãͦʵġǼʲô𣿡

ҵ˵ͷǰɡ˵ʡ

Ҫ𣿡ʦеĿҡ

ҪҪæ֡

ô˵ʦҲûм׷ʣתϾҪпˣʲô£ҪѧϰΪء

ס֪

Ƭ̣̲סʵʦǲҲѽ

ңʦңҡͷûѽ

˵ʱЩƮȻ˵ѡҸϾҲ̫ģʲô¶ҲûʲôϵҲûҪ׷ȥ



ԭпԿһͿ

迴ɼ֮󣬲ɵŭգʵС㲻˵Ҫúѧϰôѧϰģ

Ҳ֪ôֻͣܵͷһԡ

˵ѽư

Ҳ֪ô˵ûðɡ

Ҫѽüͷһŭ䲻ȴѹı顣

ί˵Ҳ룡ҲúѧϰǡҲ֪Ͳ֪ô¡

轫ɼڲ輸ϣ˫ַ̾ϢҸоЩˣӡУû

һѹԣ˵裬һúѧϰһ渴ϰҲʧġ

û̧ͷ˵ô˵ʲôá㷢˶ģһع𣿡

Զԡ

Ĭã̧ͷңɫصʵС裬㵽Ҫ

üͷ壬ɥ˵裬֪ʡαطҪ˵ôҶأ

͵صóһ˿࣬˵֪ϲ㣡˵գɫ˿ӵҵǰƵּ˾䣺Ժÿ°˿˸㣬òã

ұĻѪͷεվ˵ϲֲ˿࣡ϲ㣡֣ƣ

Ŀɿڴð˵Сˣ

Ƿˣҷ˿һˣ֪ѽѾ˵ݶˣеƹˤ˼ˡ

裡

Ҵ֪Ҳûа취ѽڳҶŮһȤûˡ½ŵʲôӰǡǣһȤûˡô죿

ƺǱҵӸŵˣ΢ţ˺þã˵ˣҿǷˡð͵Ժȥˡ

Ҷ˵ðͽȥʡһ쵽ķʲô߿߿ģûûˡ

ĽתһԣϢأþòͻȻеڣղǷȷʵ̫Ӧˡ

Ҷԣ˵裬Բ֪ˡ

֪ˣʲôãֲġ

ղǲǻϻ˵Ƕ治ǹġ

ȻתĿתĶңʵ˵ʵƵˣǲһֱԹ衣

Ҽᶨҡͷ˵ûУҴûһͷûС

ĬƬ̣һٴʵ㣬ǲǰĲκˣܰѧϰˣ

Ҳ֪ΪʲôͻȻôһ䣬ǺԵ顣ҳɵص˵ͷӦáǵİɡ

ǣǲǣһ׼ʵ

ǡ

á˵ͷվϵ˿תȥ

еԺ⻰ʲô˼а취β𣿿ǣпҽҽѽʲô취

һ軻һ·˳ɫVǰɫ˿߳£ɫխһȹᱡ͸ĺ˿о˿˿࣬ͷ˸ƽʱϰʱĴ磬ûʲôͬΨһвǣûд߸ЬĳУԲȵ޳β̡ͦ

Щ죬ԥƬ֮ߵɳ˫ȼн΢΢бࡣãĶ˵㲻ϲڹ˴𣿡

ãȻ֮У⻰ɵüͷһ壬˵ǣô¶Ǳŵݺģֲǲ

˵һ룬Ҽ轫̺תһԣͻȻӦ贩ҪͨҸ˿ȣ̼ҵйѹеκë

ǣ

ҵһȣҪ裬ף¶˵ģܵõȷϵġ

⻬ϸĺ˿ȣҸоеڸͷƤ飬һȣԼ΢΢Ĳ֡˫ֱأתһԲϿңͮͮһƬѩ޳ĲȾɫ

̲סһڿˮżҵȻľܾЩвȵ˼ΪӣӦôȻϴʾܾǡ˵ǲܵġҪǾܾĻǾǵòȻαˡ

ԥԥ˰˼붷²ġһӶе㽩ˣԲסһɤӣһ

룬϶Ҳһҵ˼붷ġȻһǿ˺ܾˡ

һҧ¶ģ첲Ҫַĺ˿ϡ

ȻվεСֹ˾䣺ȥϸ
3.9
һȥʮӣɳϲסĵŽż⣬ļ١ȴĸоĲܣ跴ڣԼķ

ڣ鲢ûзȻЩ尾軹ǻˡСƮʼղԸҡ

ΪţҵǺˮģ̲סһһ¡

ǣʲô֣

ҲꡣҸæַֿε·ϲ˲䡣

ղǾ仰Ҳʶ˵ģһڣձȾһƬʶֽɢҵķ˿ڶһ

б۾͵͵衣úܽСתһԣ㷢¶ѩ䳤ĲӨϸļ£һƬȻǿװ򶨣˫ִڴϣŪָЩʶСѾĵĻұ¶˳

ҺȻΪЩɰͷȥֻɫխȹµĺ˿ȣ⻬Բ󣬷ϸ⣬ɫ˿ᱡ͸Ŵȼۡ

ֻſڸټӿ죬ãСĽ˹ȥطߴϣ紥һ㣬͵һֱͦӣǿװ򶨡

ҽƷڷĺ˿ϣ˿ĴУľӶЩӲˡ

Ƭ֮ĺ˿һ£ϵļƾΰţӦǳǿңҲżӦøһǳĽš

ѾȻɲǺӲԽӳŵĹĹҵˡĺ뽫úõߣһѣֲ̫Ρ˫糺졢εĲһ񣬽Ӳƿʼĺ˿ػ

ĺ˿࣬޳ȳƵϣڵƹԵø⾧Ө͸ҫϸĹǰûи˿ȣĻ⣬ûô˷ܹϾҪġ

Ĵȷ鱥ȴӷףСϸʵСȶģĿɰȻѾʮƤȴɰỬϸۣ˿ĸоֱӸ˼˷ܡ

ҸоԽԽȣЩѣ˳ź˿ζһ̽ĵߡҪխȹʱȻץסҵ˦һߣһ򶨵˵ˣɡ

ȻǼȲᣬĺܣҪܸͲ֮ܲҽһŲŲ̯ƣſգ˿ȵĴС

һĳûΧΡĥţǲӦ˵ЩʲôԾһգҪô

ɻûҿڣѵ˵죬ͱȥһ¡

ŶΪ飬һʱûתֻɵĵ˵ͷ

ȥ𣿡费ʵ

ǲ̫ŵĸŮҲһӲϰǱߵļŰɡһ£ʵ裬ͬȥҰǶ

ǱϾ֡ȥּòҵ

Ц˵Ͼǵļ໤ѽʲô¶ܵͬɡ

ƳһۣԳЦһǵļ໤ˣƽʱЩʱҵͬ𣿡

֪ȥˣľͰˡҪһЩʱ䣬ҺʶȤĽڸϰȥˡ

Ҳ֪ôģǷеڡΨһ뷨ǣôƷʽȥһ˿ȣ߸ʲô§§ʲôģһӲܲҲҲ㡣

ڶ峿𴲣֮ͻصϴϡΪ飬Էʱһֱֻڿšѹ˺ܶ໰˵ֱҲûſڡ

ѧУһֱϵ飬˵ﻰΪĳҵϣԸܹľһŷǳѹҵìܣĸ־źܶԲ衣

˼ȥΨкúѧϰϣȫӭӸ߿һôѧŲṼ⡣

ѧؼҵ·ϣһֱţǷΪңƷ˿࣬ڳæšˣصŷ֣ɴſɵļҾӷһʧ䡣

ȻŸոĸƣһʱ䲻￪ʼĺ˿ȡ϶ûϣˣر֪ʲôʱиһȷڣҲиͷҪĻἱ˵ġ

ʱЩƺƳҵ۴ҡãԥԥĿ˵裬м¶һ¡

ϾĶңʲô£

ǸǸǸǰɡ

֧֧˰죬üʵʲô£лֱ˵

һԣһ˵Ǹ׻˵ймҹ档޹زɷԲǰξ;˵ûһĹأ̣¡˵Ǹǹ淶Ҫ֤׼Ҫֵͷ

費ͷش˵㵽˵ʲôܼܲص˵

ҺٺɵЦϸһ£β¶ɣðƳߡһƳ̣һƳ̼Σһ죬ҾŶһȷʱ

Ӧ䣬轫Ŀӷϣ̲ס˸ۣյ˵ㆪµ˵ôһѣΪ˵ѧϰϵء˰죬롭С˵ôһ쵽ĶЩѽܲеѽ

ҵͷڶ˵ҪβҲˣǲǰѲκˣҾѧϰˡ˵ǡҪҰѲκˣѧϰɼôȥأ

һ˫ۣŭĵңһʱҲ֪λӦҲ˼ʱ䣬˵вУǾ͡Ͷһΰɡ˵һһεģҲ֪ܵģǱ̫ˡ

賤һ۾αϡСĴϵı仯ͻȻã˼֮󣬳˵һһΡ

ϲȻʱеãֻҪʱ䣬е

е̫ˣơ죬ô

졣

ͷΪѵ˵Ҿ°ѣԽԽã˹áϾ߿ѾٽҵʱѾˡ

ĬƬ̣졣

졣

趢ңû˵ӦĬˡеĲɵһϲĵļֱҪȥ§ס裬ѩ۵ϣݺݵһڡ



磬ҺͱԼǰϰ·ϱЩˣ죬ĥĥġȥϰǶٷҲ̳ųȥϰѽ

˵һŵסԭļûš

ץס󣬽ǰק˵ˣϰܲܲϰɡ

Ƴһۣʲôʱôˣǲţ˵ʲôҲμϰֵĻô

̬Ҫеģ¶ܹҪȥġҲȥμϰֺͰŵĻҪȷǣҲ衣ϰܻҪϵðɡ

ߵһô˵ôһռˡ

ˣ߶ˡþûȥϰˣȻ棬Ū̫ѿˣ²̨

Сһ飬ҡҡλΣһмô첲գѽ

ǣҲãҲãһģϰ֣˼һӡҪ˦ӣˣϰְ˭ѽⲻϰΪ𣿻ͷˣ˼ĸŮϰֳܣܹϰ֡

ҾͲˣ˭Ҫŵġ

ˣˣ¶ɡ

ؿңСʲôʱôˣȻ˵ˡ

ҿЦ̾˿ô£ܹҪһİɡ

˾ɾǰǿŵǰŵǺ¶΢Ц˰ӣ˵ǸͽѽҺͰְǺܾˡ

ҺЦһһߣһԳЦУˡ

Ƴһۣ˵˾䣺ѽռȵ

ŵûƵģȫ⣬ýת˴šϰӳˣһΧȹ֣һЦǺǵ˵Ǹ˵ɡšСѧϰѹ󲻴󣿡

ϰֳܵӣԵЩˡʱŵŴӳЦ˵ϰ֪Ҫ˷ܵһ˯žһȥˡȵˮϾͺá

˫ֲ嶵һɴˣ֪¥ˡ

ϰֺͰŵģ϶ԵЩΡק˱һ£ȻЦϰ֣Ұæڳվ˲١

ϰЦЪɣҸǰæˡ

˻ص˳æڿתһȦǰѾһˣǽһĺɫϲ֣Ҳ¡ߵϰֵǰƿţոµļҾߣոµĻ鴲ǽϵĻɴرֻۣ˷ǣѾŮˡ

Լ赹һҲû䣬ȥʱӡŵһֱҵЦŶ˵ɾɣÿ춼ɨ

Ұһۣ֪Ӧö˵Щʲô

ҵȣұ仯ܴ󣬼ȫӣȷе˵ѾڰŵˡתһȦߺߵˤųӹĹĵģȦе죬ݺݵĵ˰ŵһۡ

ŵЦЦС֣ǣһһûüӦѾĹĵĳ˹ǵ˫ַֿӼм䣬˵ѾˣѾûǵ֮ˡ磬ؼҡ

֪ڶСο극ߡ

򣬷½˲ҺͱԵġҪȥæ˲ˣȴְָ˳ԽǶҿԽ˸еİı˿ˡ

ŵڷ꣬һ̺ӳ˳ЦŶ˵ϰ֪ǰ㣬ˮι˼죬Կġ

ߵʱŵŵҶС㡣

ŵӦһͷȴײ̵ĸ첲̵̵ָ֭ϣ̵һûȣӣˤһء

̫죬ŵ㶵Լ衣ŭĿԲͨ죬˦־͸һ⣬𶯵ģ

ŵ裬Ľͷһ仰Ҳû˵̼ͷŭ󣬴Ƭֱ̣ѹһѽŵ§ס꣬ſǻ˵Բŵŵ費ô㡣۲ۣ

û¡裬û¡裬ѹŵͨ죬һЩͣȴ΢ЦοԼ衣

§ŰŵŵŵĲǹġ衣

裬治㡣û¡

ҺͱվһԣǰľһãȻ

ʱϰӳ˳һأĸŮ§һţæǰʵô£Ƽŵֺףɵʵôִˣ

ҡ治ǹġŵ˵

ŵḧţȰοûµģûµġ裬ˡ

ϰüͷ壬̾˿֣СɨϽɨһ¡

ҺͱһۣȥɨͶղһصǽɨɾ§ŰŵһתܻŷŶصĿϰǲعɨ֮󣬸

վеΣӳ䳡ˣϰôŬػԾգôûڣŵȥﰲοȥˣʣһûһ˼ҳѵõһμͥ۲ֹͣķΧˡ

籱ҪУ˷׼뿪ˡϰֽ͵¥£ԥã̲סʵ֣ạ̇̄û°ɣ

ϰָЦû¡ǡˣ̫ȶûʲô¡

ܾϰʲô뵽ڰŵϵ飬ҺȻһͷѲǰϵЩˣǱģ

ǡûѽ̿ǸǳŰѽ

صʰһ¾ȥѧУˡǰʼϰʱʱŵĸŮ飬ܸоƵġȥҲ޽⣬ͻȻӦǵ죬βˡ

һ뵽£ҵľͷˣо˲俺һǽ˷ܾǿѹұҪΪѧϰȻ̫Բˡ

ʱ춯ʵ̲סм˳ȥֻվشЬΪϢ黨ȹɫ˿࣬ɫĸ߸Ьźɫĸ󡾵һд硣

軻ЬߣƼվǰһ֮ʵʲôأ

ſűߣЦŶĸ

üͷһ壬ʵһʲôһѽ

ֿſŤ˵еˡ

˲Լѽ

߻ңҲû룬ȥȴ⡣ĴȽ⣬ȻյOLװЩԸУȴ˷Ϣܴ·һ˿ȣҲһζ

ϧǣ軹ѵȹͺɫ࣬˿ʵļҾӷվ⣬Ƴһۣʵſڸʲô

Ҳ֪Ƿ񻹼ǵһεԼҪһЩʾֲ֪οڡŤŤĸһ·˳ϵΧȹͷһۣ㲻ϽݸϰһֱҸʲô

ĵش裬۾˳ϸ֫һֱƣӷ׵ļҾӷҲ赲ĺģǷ̵ͦƨɣԲģĺӱ§סȻͦ桭

ҰҲûǻĬƬ̣תʵǱߣԵô

֪òڴ̽ϰǱߵ˵ͦõģϰ׼һӵĺòˣĶе㲻Ӧˡ

š΢΢ĵ˵ͷĬΣŤͷһۣôվţݸϰȥ

ұ˳ֻ˿˿ģèץһصⲽûѧϰ

һҳϰϡˣһ߰ڷ꣬һ˵Աˣ΢嵭һɡ

ʲôνؼǳ극󣬻ܲˡ谵ʾͷԷҲһۡ˰죬̲סˣСֹймҹ档޹زɷԲõ飬һҪ³졭

˵һ룬̧ͷң㷳ô룬ԸҲʡġ

ǣҾ뵽СʱϰֽңҪһθУصĺúӣ˵Ҫ㻰

費ͷ˵ˣұ죡

Ҽе㼱ˣ㲻نˡĴǣ϶ҵ˼ġ

극ϴˢӣ֪ȴصŻˡеżˣڿȥץҲ֪ǲǷˡ

ڹ˰Сʱſ˳һOLƷװ磬ɫװɫ˿߳£ɫխȹɫ˿࣬ͷԺɢųŮ˵Ըζ

ϲĵ˷ܺΡҲèƵģɵǺǵɵüͷһҪѵңԥһ£ǷˡߵɳҲһƣͷתһԡ

ҵֹоѪѹˡСԣȻ迴УܸоóӺܽӲ

Ƭ̣Ųһ£һЩû뵽ϸŲһ㣬ұһ룬;ʼûпһۣҲ

軹ǲ̫ϰߣҲ̫ؿƽ£Ȼ˼ڴƵĻͷһۣüʵѽ

ûУûСҾ͡ѧġ

ʲôã

Էɽ⾫ѹ

ңĬƬ̣ʵô

ұֻǹڽţؿڷƣԴ˼ڴû뵽边Ȼôҡû취ֻںߵˣϣȻñƤعʮӣĽ³

ҵķκ֮Цʵоô

ûʲôо

˰ɣ

۾бң˭˵ҽˣ

Ҹæͷӭϣǣšҽţҽš˵ţҽ˫Լ˴꣬ɾ˺Һķ֮ĺ˿˹ȥۿ־ҪˣȻվһһ·첽뿪˿

ֽһãȻĻңѵӣˣ漴ͷӦˣ϶ǽˣȥһžСë

ղŵҪȴϵӣﲻɵһ顣о貢ǰ£Щɰˡ

ã۾гһ죬ЦеĿɵüʵЦʲôЦ

Ц𣿡̲סٺһЦ

յĵңȴҲ֪ô죬ֻεȴʱֳһֺ·ڿĦͷңŭ֣ܲܲ

æͣ϶Ǻʪģ

費ɵüͷһ壬һ˵Խ˵ԽҲˣϴȥ

ҲҵæܵĽϴϴ裬˵÷ϸϸϴˣϴ˺ü顣

ϴʲôҫġ費мĳ˫һۣٴһ˵ָôôˣϽҼɾˡ

ָ֡ףϸһ£ֹ㳤ѽ

ңʵ

Ҹæͷ˵ҼҼҼȻеԹԣĶҲѽ

ָ׺ַֽŵǰǰ˷˵һ£ɾ˰һﱵĥһ¡

ҵ֣ϸһ£˵Ӧ

ôоСʱһϴָּ

һۣСһġ

ҲϴˣָҲˣ˰ɡ

㡭û뵽˵ôֱ¶ǣݺݵĵһۡ

ҲûоԣѿڶģЩŭˣæߣҶ裬Ͽεʱ򣬸оͷر˼·ر

š

Ľ͵ҪѹСˣǸұòôˣѧϰʱעͼˡ

ؿбңǱǰʱˣƤЦˣƤˡ

⻹Ƕæô¾ͻţһ˸û취սʤħ⻹˵ûİæⱲӾˡ

費ͷĻ˻֣ˣҴñˡС˼ס˭ѽ

ҺٺɵЦһ֮ʱַĺ˿ϡ豻ͻȻϮӲɵһ𣬱ܵץҵ˦һԣȻεĶƬ̣ٿظһƬΣͷתһԡ

ֻ֪ʶĶҲû룬㷢֮£ѩ޳ĲֻŻһƬ̣ٶȽ˹ȥķĺ˿ϡ

ȻѾ֪ٴˣ˿һ˲䣬紥һ㣬ȺһƬ˿ϸĸоǰᡣ

ڿҵԸԲ˿ϣḧƣϸ˿ʴСɱýģתһԣϿңļѪһƬ

ֱµĿмֱ̼ҲҪҪģоǸĴȣѾû취ˣֻʹʹߣһȻͲӲȻԲ㣬ܵȴǼ跢й

ûеõĻ϶˵ȵĸᱻߵġãսʤǣҲῴߣС㣬ֻҪˡ

뵽ḧĴȣĵ˿סӲСߣ

ĺ˿ţһһȹŲţ˿ʴдĿУߣ۾Ķ۵Ĳ̲ס档ܴڴϣȿĸHǸǶô˷ܴ̼ѽ

Ȼ֪ͷԣȴ糱ˮӿҲô죬æסҪֹҺͬʱֱܵץĺɫȡ

üʹһʶĽͷŤ˹Ƽҽ˿ӡ赱Ȼ֪ڸʲôɵüͷһ壬һС

ŵĸæִĺ˿ÿһڡŵļһһ˳ھźͽţƨ

3.10

֮£ƨҲ֪Ǳ跢ΪƨԵʣֻһķ̣βѡ

ԭͺ죬۾ңƬ̣Ҳסˣ͡һЦ˳ҽҷҲźٺɵЦ

Ц࣬ǳ⣺Ц

һЦԭŵѾȻ޴棬浹ԵЩˡҵֻڿסŨľҺһӣһ硣

СĴ裬ϱհģҲ֪οѵҡƬ̣Ľִӿ˳ڿϲ˲䡣

üͷһʣĶĨأ಻ࣿ䣬ƾͺˣһ죬ǳ⣺ȥʲôУ

ٴ⣬Ҳ˲ϿճҲƵӻ˷˵ЩǱ̻̼ģƼʱĿࡢ߷߽ӵı飬֪ôģоһˬ

֮Ϊ֤ЧģҼӱŬѧϰ̬ˣɼҲԵߡ

ôһֱ˰£һģ⿼ʱ۾ĵͷžӣȻоվһˣܵŤͷȥ࿼ʦվԱߣ׿ҵľӡҶһۣҰڰ֣ʾⲻҪӰ죬⡣

ѧʦ¥ڽסҡͣ½Ųͷɻʦ׷һͬѧ¥ߣЦңֲѽԳɼߣǲѹ⣿

ѹǱǰʱСһЩˡʵ˵

ʦһۣϴŹŹֵЦݣɻʵΪʲôƵĳɼߣôֻӢɼԭ̤

Ӣҹ⿼ıȽģеС˼ֲܸʦͣһ£͵վסϵ´һ¶ɻı顣

ʦҸͿˣͣͷԼƣƵʵôˣʲô𣿡

ҹȵ˵ʦͻȻһ顣

ʦüͷһƵʲô£

ˣ

ʦһȻ侲ķʵôû

ͷˣˣٷ֮ٵˡʵҲڹ⹧άˡ

ʦֶ˶죬ţ·еԴˡ

Цʵ֪ô˵ô

ʦƳһۣ̲סʵô֪ģ

Ҫűǰˡ˾ᣬҴġ

ʦ΢΢һ죬ʶҧһ촽̲סһЦȻһ˵Сǹ˵ġѹôŮϲΧת

ҿЦҡҡͷŮԵãû취

ʦߵһЦ˵֣㻹˰

üͷ˵ҿݣ˵֡

~ʦҼһ£ѵûûСҸʦЦѽ

˵䣬Ⱥ߳ѧУҺȻƼͣڽֶ棬ڳϣһ󡾵˫ֱأޱ

û뵽ңвɵһϲЦŶʦ˵ˣ˰

ʦ˳ҵ˹ȥüʵĸϵģô

ѽǾ衣

ʦпᡣ

ҺٺһЦҲѽ

ʦһۣҲû⣬𣬵ߵߵܵǰҿĵʵ裬ôˣ

ûлشңʵ˭ѽ

ĸһʱûзӦ

ղվѧУſڣ˵Ǹ

ŶӢʦ

һ£ȻŶʦѽѹֿ졣

֣סһʵʶʦ𣿡

ҡҡͷʶȥǰδˡ

һ㶣ѽ

ӢɼôҵȻҪһӢʦͣһ£˵˾䣺ȥķ¶̫ˣҲû˵ϡ

𲻿ĵæתƻ⣺裬ôҷѧˣ

ûң򿪳ţʾϳڸʻλϣû˵֮󣬷ֳҵķʻȥ̲סʵ裬ҪȥĶѽ

ȥҽ

һ⻰żæʣôֿҽ

в͵ȥҽôŰɡ

Һ費ԸΪˣһңȴֲʡ

ץӣǲµ뷨˵Ҵģһҽ˵ⷽ漲ͦġ

С˾䣺Ķôѣһ쵽ҽ

ƳһۣΪΪ˭ѽ

æϣٶ˵һʵ쿼ô

УѹСˣҲˡ

ʳָһһµỵ̂͵͵ܸоЩֵֹġ

ĬãȻʵǸʦ𣿡

Ҳ̫ɡ

Ҹղż˵ЦģΪǺء

б۴裬ϱƽ֪ͣͻȻʦǺ⡣Խ͵ʱһȥ䣬㲻ɡ֪ôģͻȻоʦЩΣ˵ӡ

ҶʦӡͦõģܵҪά˾䣺ղʦš

ʲô

ᣬƯʱУʺãзͼӴ׵˵һѡ

һۣû˵

ʵҾţʦе񡣡Ҳ֪ôģĪļ˾䣬һھͺˣæ͵ȻˣֻǸоеѡġ໹ʣԶˡ

üͷ΢΢һ˺þã˵СҾ㰡ʦѧɲܸ߰뷨

һţ֪ˣæͣ뵽Ķȥѽϴʦ⸨ʱҾеоʦôһ񡣾Ǹо

һ⸨ʲôʱô֪

͡ϴΡѧУ˼䷿ӣǸʦҲסǸС

һңҲסǸС

ǰҸоķӦеˡ

ƺҪ˵ЩʲôſڣҲû˵󽫳һϾɵסլ¥¥õģͰ˾ʮļ¥ټѾˣ·ƻ谵ɭɭġ

³֮һһȦʵ˵ҽסѽ

ûϳţһΧҲЩûסѾˣȿ˵ɡ

ŵַ˼ţŵһ߰ʮͷһѰ׺ӣƹİҩζеֵָĸо

轫ҵĲϸĸҽһ£ҾһţöˣҲûɶβ˼ˡ

ҽҺ˺Ȼ˵һЩѪͨϣڴϣһ˼ҩ

֮裺оҽײ

˵ĸҽұ֤ٷְܰѲ˸κõģβã͵һ塣

ɫ·˼Ҳ͹ݣǡǸƵӣһ·Ҷڵģҽ֮ǲǾͲˡ뿪ѯʣһֱңҲûʳڡ

ڻؼ֮ݻҾӷɴźɫOLװͳɫ˿࣬ڿɳϣһ

龰֪ûкڣɵһϲæȥｫϴϴߡѾǵˣҲϰˣûȵΣֱбɳϣֻ

ԴǴ֮ҾҲˡζļȣԶҲ塣˿ʱԸУˣѾûʼʱֱŵĴ̼ˡ

ҲһøĿУǿҵСֲˣѾ˺þˡϣҾðһԣԱߣջ˿װһüչӡ

ãжҪҾ;Ϳʼˡ̲סһۣȴҲû˵ʲôֹһһûж̲סһС

~ǿѹͷ𣬾͵ȿء

㷢ʲôأ

˼

~㻹˼ѽ˼ʲôأ

˼ǸЧ̫ˡ;ǡô˵أеҩˡ

ҩԣüͷһ塣

ǡ̼һز͡Ͳô̼ˡҵ˼𣿡

бңһãȻ

ô˵أǡĴȣƵһ̶ȣе㡭

֪ôʱĮ˾䣺ˣ

Ҳ˵ˡǡѽ治֪ô͡ôӦʲô˼ɣ

ߵһҲסȻԼ֪ôͣŰɡ˵գߡ

ҼˣæʵȥĶѽ

Ц㲻ҩҸ㻻ҩȥ

ǡҩһʱƿڣֻĿ߽˳

һƮһŨҩζ˵ĻҩҪҰҩȡҲ֪ǲǹģһСıٸŪɳ׾ˡ

һһںҩ˹ҵǰҵͷһۣŨҩζ˱ǶüһʵҪѽ

ңʵా˰죬㲻ѽ

УҺȣҺȡҶ룬˼ȻסӣһҩȥֻоɬᶼҪˡ

һĿ࣬ͷסشŴ̲סЦ漴˵˾ͻݸϰȥɡ

ǣҼˣʵôβѽ

ⲻѾ㰾ҩôڰβѽ

ǡ;͡ô

㻹ô

üͷһί˵ҿ죬ҲǾ͡ҲҲ֪ô˵Ѿе״ˡ

ЦղŲ˵ҩô

ҼЦЦܸоǹˣ棬Ǽץ̲ס͵ǾһȻһʼô̼ˣҾû塣һЧġһ£Сļ˾䣺ֻҪ١һġ

һ˵һĴ裬˫ֱأ΢Įؿбңʵ㵽˵ʲô

˵ɾͳˣһҧӲͷƤ˵ҾŰɣⲡϵ̫ˣȷʵáҾ;ţǲܹһҩܲȵĻϣ١һ±ʲôط

һʵ㻹Ķѽ

ǡǡĵطʵ̫ˣʶĵͷ˿һۣ˵š𣿡

۾ĿתĶңͷƤһķ顣ƬƺȻŭȣСôˣ

Ҽ跢ŵ˫һС죺оͲУʲôѽ

˵ʲô

û˵ʲô

ߵһЦ˵㻹أݸϰȥ

ƻʧܣû취ֻܴͷɥĻصɥǰ֡͵ʴףһĴ̼ûдɣԭеĸҲûˡ

ڶϣһԲɥǼˣƹƵ˽ˡǸûѽԼôôסأ

УһҪ취ʧУõֵ裬ôˣ

ǸôأǸϴԸ񣬿϶һ׵ġ

ȥǵЮ߿İϷҪѧϰ¹ν׷ŮƤҪһЩС



ں˼ʲôأ



һÿҵ룬˵ϽԷʲôأһֳٵˡ

üͷյ̾˿

ңôˣҾѽˣʲôС

ﲻɵһ𣬹Ȼ֪Īĸһ۾ƳǼװˡҳһ˵Եء

һ⻰Ȼ£ʵʲô£

ͻӢ¶

Ӣôˣ

ɼϲȥ¡ҵͷ̾

Ϊ¶轫ŽɵĿҡ

ǿɲӢ֡˵Ҹôѽ

۾ޱĶ˰죬ȻʵӢʦǸ⸨ôôɼô

ʦһ

ţʦͷÿӽࡣ

Ҳ֪ôͻȻˣԥһ£˵͸ҸôһΣҲûʲô̫Ч

ĬΣ˵֪ԼĲСӢ֣Ӣ϶ӰѾˣϽ˷ѧȥɡ

̬е֣Ҳ֪ûƳҪ֪ǹ⿼ôģҾҪغˡ貢ûйɡ

ڶҽɼø迴ʱüͷ壬һֹ۵ӣҡͷ˵ҪӢʦ̸һˣӢɼôͳϴˣ

ҳ̾һǰҲѽ~ӢʦҲ̸ܶˣҵĳɼϲȥ

ųɼ˼Ƭ̣˵ʵڲУ㱨ɡÿѧֱȥϿΡ

û뵽ӣæ˵𣬸ˡ

ңɻʵΪʲôѽ

Ǹ࡭ʾ֭룬˵ķΧ̫ʺңҾڼ︴ϰͦõġ

üͷ΢ôô¶ѽķΧãҪʲôΧѽڼ︴ϰⲻһʲô仯ҲûС

ǣҪ࣬ѧ̫ˡǼҾһ˹׬ǮҾŰɣʡҪʡһġ

ѵ⣺òģҪľѧϰ

Ҿţ⸨ʦûء

۾гһ죬бۿңʵСǲڴʲôѽ

ҸæϣϹ¡ûУûУⲻڸǵȥҸӢǶʱ䣬ҵӢɼѽԣҾŻңʡǮЧֺá

趢ңԥƬ̣̾˿û˵Ҷ˽⣬Ĭˣﲻɵһ֡Ҳ֪ǲҵĴܸоϱЩ޿κκƣ롣

صԼ֪ڸʲôҲûҽڿⲽʱʱĿһʱ䡣

ԼĪ˰Сʱڿˣ˳ǣȻɵļҾӷ´OLƷ

ɫƷСװVԲľ˶Ͻɫ³ŵĽģճһԸ˵ߣɫֱͲխȹ˿ĳ˿࣬ûи߸ЬѳģԵ˫޳Բ̡ͦ

û뵽Ĵ磬ֻ۾ֱضЩ㶡ԵЩ˼һСʲô⣬ΪҲ֪ͬ뷨Ϊûк֮ǣȫĵĶ뵽ѧϰ֮СٸҶʲôԽУǳ˵ǰ棬ӢɼҪϲȥҵš

붼û룬æͷ֤ұ֤Ӣɼһߵһȫˮƽġ

һۣҽ뵽ҵԣʼҸӢҲ֪ΪʲôߣҾ͸оܰģǹ޵㣬ֱĿ

ȻﶼǷǷ֮룬Ҳֻ̫͵͵ĸ߸ؿڴ飬̫Ŀŵʱʱ͵͵һۣԸе˿ȡٵС·ֻص˴ǰ

һεĸƱҩ͸θˣʱʱĻҪȥҽһ¡

ÿ춼ܿ˿ȡϾˣһһʢŽǰ˿ȣġʵ̲סˣǰ⽫ʵڵϣʵʱ򣬲Ľַ˿ϣȻûһѡСϷȻӲĻ۽𾦣Ҳûôѵң۾ݺݵصһ£Ȩ档

ôһ˰£Ϊ˷㣬ؼ֮ҲҾӷˣɴֱӴװȹ˿ɼ⵹Ҵ۸һСҵӢɼԵȻˣҲΪûзˮʵˮƽ˾ӡ

ųɼһ۷ֿһۣϱ鵭Į֪ЩʲôҸæǰȥЦ˵Եİɣ

˵ͷ˵ԡɲܵΣɼҲһʡڴѧ뿼廪ֱЦ

֪֪һߵͷӦͣһ͵͵裬ȻϿǵЦȷʵβסģЩġЩˣĥǲǿԳûҪ㽱ˡ

Ұҩǿζһ꣬룬վڲ輸һɻĿңʲôѽݸϰȥ

ĬƬ֮üͷ˵裬Һ˰ôһҲûа

ҩҩԶ𼱣ȼƳ˵

ⶼˣҲһöûаɡûãܾţҵĲֶˡ

ңʵô񻯷

ǡͷװһΪӣǰʱ䣬Ǻҩ֮ǰҸоһһںתǡô˵أ̧ͷĳ̶ȣӰٷ֮ʮɰٷ֮ʮˡԴӺҩִ֮Ӱٷ֮ʮذٷ֮ʮˡҲ֪ǲҩ¶ҲǱԭ򡣡

ѾʹʾˣҲ費ҵ˼ֻؿбһԵĿңκ̲ס̾һε˵ѽֳܷһѧϰϣͿϴѧˡ

ǣ㿼ϴѧʲô˼ѽҿɥ˵ҪȰѲκðɣ

һƣĿңСѾھİˡĺѽ˵գֳ̾һһƨɳϣԼĺ˿ȣ˵ɣɡ

ҼѾЭˣȻͣȴδԸϣߣһ˵裬߿ԽԽˣǵʱѾˣҾŲô̵ˣӦüǿƷˡ

Ȼ֪ڴʲộ͵վͷң˵СϲҲã˿ҲãҶˡ֮⣬붼ˣ

ҼתҪߣǿ뿪һȥڵϣ˫סȣ޺裬ӰɡӺʹѽ~һ˵ţ˿ƣźɫ˿˳ĴС

ңǳ⣺ʲôӣɥأ

һʼҾʹ⣬ҪƤף˵ʲôġһĺ˿ȣһ߸ɺ裬Ұɣ°뱲ӵҸɾȫָˡ



ҲҪӦҾͲ

С㵽ô

ðβӵҵΣðβ֮࣬ϵĵ°ܵ

㡭üͷֹϱּҪҡ

룬˰ɣն˵

§˿ȣһ·»Ħ˿࣬ġɳɳ죬һֱĺ˿š

Ǵһ㣬ѽһ̧ܵȣҪ߿û뵽ȴҳûץѵϵЬ˿Сϣϸϸ档ԭͺᱡϸĺɫ˿ཫСŹԲ㱳Եرİϸۡ

ĺɫ˿£ϸɵľӨֺУɫֺɼ⻬װ׽Ͼ񣬺⻬ĻȡֻŻȣؼ޲ĺ˿Сţݺݵһڡ

ҽűУվ־ŭС

еκģоӷƮһƬհףֻ˫ĺ˿ϲסظţ˷ܡźʹ̼֯һ𣬿ٳѪĸоЩ͡

ĺ˿СŸһȻʶ費ҲûͣĶƬ̧̣ͷȥֻͷһ˪ĵңСͨ졣

ֱʱҲŸе£ɵһ󱳼ٷȥСĽĺ˿ŻصϣЬȻԹԵվ

һļžϢأãȻֶ̧ҵԴһƣ̲ס̾һյ˵ôô̬                                                3.11

ҼһŭҲ̫ˣ˵һԲ𣬻Żŵӻҡ

ҹڴϣȥ˯žЩЩûڣô̬أ˶ңҸôأ

峿Щ飬֪ô衣𴲺ûи˵һ仰ƶûһۡҪǸûиһᣬ緹ϰȥˡ

Ҳ֪ԼΪʲôô³ç飬ʵѹƲסеֻҪһ裬һŻȼաѾ㲻ҪĵĳԸе壬ˡ

л㱵Ĺһ죬ѧؼңﾹȻûˣеˡòΪϵ飬ҳ˰ɣ

ԼĪСʱؼңЩĪšֻԥҪҪ绰ʱ죬ˡһװȹ˿ͺɫ߸Ь˼ϵİ֮⣬ﻹһĹҵֽ

־ϲӵĴ˸кƲһֽۣЬϣһЬһޱʵվſڸʲô



ûңݻ·ȥתһȦ𱸵Ҳ֪ͻѽ

šҲ֪λӦֻ۾ӣһţƽջᴩƷ˿࣬컻˼Ҿӷʲôأ

迪ʼڳԥãڹߵϿҵ˵裬Բ𡣡

ûңѹٴ˵裬ġ

ˣ˵ˡȻҴϣȥɡ

˰ɣ̽ʵ

ʲôãε̾˿

ǡǡһ£˵ʵڲУһٵˡ

ٿͣƬ̣һҨӣڿһ£ͷ˵ͷ

һܵ˰벽ʵҪѽ

ңޱ˵㲻Ҵһ㣬ͷ

ҶӣԼԴһЦе̫˰ɡ

ȻڰϺݺݵһ£ȵȥ

һ£ٶͣһ̵ܻǰЩãȻղŵˣڹŻء

Էʱһֱĵع۲裬ʼûʲô飬Ҳ֪ЩʲôǸĹҵֽҵķ֮һģԾǰ˵ѸԾˡ

ҷһ£̲ס˵ѳҽ֮⣬ʶʦҲ١

ͷһ£ϻࡣ

ԼԴٶ졣Ա˵ϸһ£ǰ·ߣߴˣҲӦôġ

裬ʵʲô˼ѽ

ΪֻҪżһЩѹͻᰲѧϰˣѹûѧϰϡԽǶݣԽǵôߡ

ûô˵һ룬ĿңæĿڣǣеôߡǻΪżϿѲκãȫĵͶ뵽ѧϰȥ

Уסɡ˵ʲôҶˡھ͸ͷѧϰʲô롣

ǡⲡôѽ

ôξôΣҽģҽ˵ʲôʲô

ŶҵͷӦһ˼ԺƶʲôˣоģΪ³çٶûڲѡ

ôôסأ

ӽԺٸЩаġ裬ҶӣûУ

ѵһҵͷ˵Ҹ㱨˸࣬쿪ʼÿѧ֮ȥϰϿΡ



ʲôû

ˡ

ˣԼϰɡЩӶˡĶһ뿪ҵңһˣסͷ

û취ֻѧ֮ȥѧϰֻҲ֮ڴݾߣķк;~˵ʲôˡ

֪ڶǼȲε״̬ҪĻɣͱж֤ʵԼĻڹѧϰϼӾŬȡһõΣֵֻĻġ

ΪôĿ꣬ٴο˿̿ѧϰģʽʱʹ࣬ҹ첻ˣڰºĲҾȻһٿȫӢɼǳԡ

ҽɼûؼʱȻϲȴΣߵһЧͦԵģɼһӾȥˡ

ҵͷ˵ʵ踨ĺãҵӢɼĲô졣

ˣҴñˡ

ҺٺЦôǸñء˵ʵĽѧˮƽһһİȵרҵʦˡ

ѵüãȻҲǸ˵úܣȥɻ˼ΣôҲϳȥҲɵһ԰æһ߸ɻһ˵ЩЦܶ迪ģһʱ䣬·ֻصЩĸТ

ĸ׼ͲʱҵֻͻȻˣһۺ룬Ȼϰִġ

ֻͨȺϰ֣ϰӦһȻңڱû

ĵ̧۴һ裬ҲڿҡԥƬ̣վװźŲõӣһһߴ˵տʼԷιϰ֣ι

߻Һѹ˵ˣʲô£˵ɡ

ĬƬ̣ϰ˵ŵŵˡ

һ룬ŵˣϰָҴ绰ʲôѲɣز

ĬƬ̣˾䣺ô

ϰֵƵģաղˣüˡ

ǡҲ֪ϰִ绰˼һʱҲ֪˵Щʲô

ϰ̾˿ŵŵҽԺǼԷס

šҴ绰ʲô˼ѽȥô

ϰ̾˿֪ѧϰͦæġŵŵеԺģһֱں㣬һֱ˵Բ㡣

⵹Щ⣬˵СħŮεƭңˣӦþӦãӦú޿ĲŶԡʵϣҲûоŶˣЩġΪ˵ŶԲңҲƭ˵ġǡ

ϰּҰû˵̲סʵ㡭ҪҽԺһðɡ֪ŰŵĸŮд˼֮⡣

ҳ˼˺þã˾䣺ҽԺַѽճڣûϰֻػϺˣæĿڣˣһҪϲϰ࣬ûʲôʱ䡣

Ŷˡ

Ҫȥ

ˣѧϰҪҽ˵ˣҲûʲô󰭡

˵˼䣬Ҷ˵绰վԭأüͷ壬˺þãſ߻˿һۣޱʵֵĵ绰

š

ʲô£Ҫ˵

һ£ҲûҪ裬˵ŵסԺϰҪȥҽԺ￴

ûпҶı飬Ҳûʲô仯֪ʲôæ˾䣺ûӦ

Ƭ̣̾һǺӵҲͦġ

ԭΪرᰲŵû뵽ͻȻôһ䣬̽Եʵ裬ô

һСӣҺʲô

ǡǼҡ

͵̧ͷ˵ǼҲɢ𣿡

æͷ£ҿ

֮賤̾һŵǺǶ˵㣬Բô£ܹΪá

裬еʥĸķ˰ɣΪãҲܲǼҰɡ˭˭ˣ

ѽ˭˭ˣЦһ̧ͷңʵ֪ΪʲôҪô

ΪҺͰŵƵô˵ԽԽͣЩӵĿ衣

ûлش𣬻ĽͷתһԣЩį֪һ£Щ˵һӶĨȥ˰̣˰̵棬һ

Ȼϰֵ󣬵Ͽʱ̲סŵĹ龫֣һһЦڲϵӡ

ѧ֮վѧУſԥǻ˺þãڻǲֻ룬֮ͨ󣬶˵٣ȥˡ

跴ʵȥҽԺ

šʵش𣺡ȥϰ˵ͦصġ

ȥɡ١ƽĩ˼˾䣺

šҴӦһҶֻűϰַϢѯʾַϰָҷҽԺԼš

Сʱ˲⣬ŴһȦϰֺΧڲǰŵڴϣŵΡ

ȿңͱͱϰֵĸ첲ϰֻͷһۣ첻˳ЦʵӰѧϰɣ

û£û¡Ҹʦһ١ŵõô

ǿˡȥɡ

Ҹϰ˲̳ҵͷȦģɫЩ԰ףƣƺüûкúϢˡŵڲϣ˫۽գһĲݣȫûյĻ

ϰߵǰͷĶߣ˵ŵŵˡ

ŵԣӶһ۾һ΢΢ǿǱ־Ե΢Ц˵磬

š˵ʵȻɺӣ˵ܡ

רҵģ

ҹڲϣǿģ˭ģ

ŵҪ˵ȻҵؿһæˮˮϰȰˣˣ԰βˡúţ˵ˡ

ֹס֮󣬰ŵ˵Уòײһˣ˵

ϰֺһŤͷңҶ˵ʲô㲡˵ɡ

Ҳˣֲˡ

ҿЦʲôʱˣ

ϰֶ˵ŵŵ˵ɡ

˼Ƭ̣ߵǰ˵Ҿ˰ɡ

šŵ˵ͷ˿į˵ȥ㣬㶼ҡ

ȷʵ̫ҪǺ䣬ӣЩĲ̣ԳĬӦ

ĬƬ̣ŵ۾İĶ˵磬ϾҪգҴһһϲ

ȥĻ滹ĿҸæ֣ЦǱˣȥ͸ҵ͹˵ģֹǾϲֱǾˡ˵ţʶĿϰһۣϰϵıҲЩȻȻҲ뵽ȥ귢顣

ŶŵֻС߬סɫԵס˰ֻ۾һգһգĿңð˾䣺ʱʲô

ͬһգһ£Ц˵ǸѧҪʲôҲ𡣲ǰһտְɡ

ţҲͦˡŵɵĵ˵ͷȻ۾һЦлл硣

㵹ͦġҲ̫̫ã˵ˣ㻹ϢɣҸ㡣

ҪʱŵסңʾĻҪ˵ҿ˿ϰֺ̣ԥһ£ſĶߡŵЦС˵ʵǹġ

ţһ㶡

ǹҵġû뵽һСĸ˷ס

ҿЩЦõ˵˾䣺Уɡ

Ҹϰֵϰֶң·㡣ȥúѧϰ

һԵ̳˼һ£˵ҪȥһСɡ

ϰֿһ£ͷ˵ҲСһСŵŵ

Ҳһ𣬸æ˵òáòôֲǲʶ·Լ߾ˡ

ôܾʼռҪ¥Ҳֻˡ֪϶лҪ˽¶˵һֱסԺ¥Ҳûп

ĬĬߵҽԺſڣһͷ˵˾䣺͵ˣȥɡ

ͣ½ŲƬ̣˵֪ŵŵǹġ

֪ŮĪĸŵʲôԸӦ֪ģһҲȡ̼˵ҿҹˮԼͷϽ

ôֹѽ

ֹɳɵ

˰ŵĻ棬ţҲóġ

ˮƬ̣ʵŵϵİ̺㿴˰ɣ

šҵ˵ͷ

̾˿˵Ҳһ裬ûܱðŵŵǸúӣʲôǵǸ˵ţ˰벽ؾһȻ˵֪һܺްŵǰŵ㣬СͺĽЩиĺӡϣԭ

һʱ䲻֪ö˵ЩʲôʵϰŵʲôҲǺܼϵġû취ĵǸ

̼ҳĬҲûٶ˵ʲôҾһĬĬתȥˡ̵ıӰҺȻ밲ŵĵεΣͻȻЩġ

Ѿ˼٣ȥ࣬Ƶߡһ·϶һ귢飬ЩȻʧ˵öԣһ˵ı磬ȫڰŵϣֻȼҩǸѣ׷ҵĹġңΪԼڼ˺衣

˼֮ʱƼǰҹвԣһϤӰ͵ͣϸһƣȻذ̣λϣһˣʮ꣬һɫ£ɫ㣬ɫװαϣϴ۾ͷ͹

ذ̻д磬īɫ˶ףţп㣬˶Ьͷ˸β衣Ҳ֪ǲְҵԵʣôԶԶȥоɢһɲŭı

ذ̸һİһԷ磬òԼɣ

֪ôţҾȻо˼Ȥվڽֶ濴ǡӣ˻ûôǸеĵ˵ЩʲôذʼձŸֻ̬˵ͷŻҲһ仰͸ûƵġ

š֮ķΧЩΣӦû棬˴˻̫ϤǸеĿ˺üֻЩִ٣ֹһذ˵Щʲô·˱Ҵ뿪ˡ

룬˿̫ûƷˣԼʱŮѣûԼˡתһ룬Ҳǲ⣬ذһǧ֮ӡĶ棬Ҳܣ޲Ͽ

ߺذ̷˿ӣͷһ˫͵ץͷһӣһɥĿαϡ

ô£һǵһοذӣȻоЩЦ

һӣת뿪֪ذŤһͷǡҵײһذһԭΣĬĬߵģӶ㲻ˡ

ȻȻˣҲûҪװˡ÷ѧȥҽԺŵûüҼϵĲ˶ûôԣԥһ£˹ȥذ̶Աһײ;ߡ

ذΣ漴͵ذʵô

Ц˵·ذһһûԷ͹ԡ

·ذ̺ɵĿҡ

·

㶼Ƽʲôˣذʵ

ûʲôҾһԷȻҶŸղùĲ;ߣȵ˵ԭѽ𣿡

ʲô£

أϲȥˣ֪ʡ

ذ̵һۣû˵ˡ

ҿһϵĲˣЦ˵Ÿտʼ԰ɣһûԷһ԰ɡ˵꣬Ա˲;ߣҲʼвˡ

ذ̵ңЦɹԾİͳˡ

ҼƬ⣬ŽڵĻƤЦ˵ҲǿҴСģҰˣһٷڰҺ߰ɣ

ذ̶ЦЦСССģƤôôѽ

Ƥܳ٣Ƥܻ

ѹһ쵽ü̾ġҪôӣҶûˡ

Ϊ½ԵʣƽʱذҲûңͲˣЦ˵ǰ迪Ц˵ҪŮ𣿡

СʱԣҲƤ˵㡣˭֪ôӣҪŮҲȥҽ

⻰Ҳû̫⣬ϸһ룬־е㲻Ծˡü̽ԵʵҲȥҽȥҽˣ

ذңЦһ֪ѽˡҲǹùģ̯һӡ

ʶͷüȥҽô֪ѽ

֪ʲôѽذ̱鼫Ϊм

˺þãϸĻɵûȻѹϴȥҽʱǵطôϤȫһȥӡҽҵʮ˽⣬˵ʲô֪ӡѾܾˡ

һ˺ܴѹôû뵽أһ֪ܵĹҪͼԼѹת޸衣̫Ƕˡ

ذ̼ҴͷɥӣҲû˵ɵЦô˵ȥҽǲ

ʵĵ˵ͷ

ⷴӦҲδذ̳һ䣬漴ȥõ㣬

ҹɵĵ˵ͷ

Ƭ̣ذ˵ˣˣһ˳Ҳ˷ѡҰûзӦ˵ѽŸʲôأ

ӣɵĳ

ذ̶һһϸ룬⻹һεԷ˭Ҳû˵оЩ졣

ذǾ˳תҵп뾯飬һӢԸҲȽ⣬ԷʱҲûǶི˵½Ը񣬸軹ǲġ

Ĭһذ̿Ҹ⣬ʵѧϰô

С

˵æѧϰٸˡ

½Ӧ˽豧ԹҲ֪ذǲʦģ̧ͷһۣС˵ʱȷʵЩţƽʱҲܳһЩУġ

֪ذȴ˵һԵúܣѧϰȽأѾ˵ˣûʲô£ͣһ£Ȼʶʲô̧ͷң˵ǰʱ㱨˸ϰ࣬ôûȥѽǲӿˣ

ûСе¶ļ١

Ϊ߿£ûٲġѧϰԼ£ԼҲϵġ

ذƽʱȻǳŪңϾҲǿҴСģһǱȽϹĵġѧϰ棬ܸоӰ졣

ҵͷӦ͡

ذ˵֮Ҫһϰһչùǵѧҵһ˲ٳңǹ۵ġ

šΪȻͷǡ

Ǽھȱһˣֵѹ

šţֵ˵ͷȻоЩԾͣ¿ӣ̧ͷ

ذ̼˵˸˸һ档~ˣ

Ȼˣ

Ҳ֪ذΪʲôͻȻ˵Щ¶˲ңĿתĶذҲң˵ȥȰȰ裬ôԽˣҪһϵҲһӾôŰɡ

ǼԵġһڻؾתһ룬ذ̲ʹ˰֣ҪǱԼ̬ȣݾߡ

šһȥȰȰ裬һȷʵͦ۵ġ

ذô˵ԵЩ⣬ϱЩɻ󲻽⡣Ҹ˵Щʲô佫߷ǰڷŵһС˵ϣС˵ϻһ֦õ塣ҸоЩƣûʲô

ذ˳ҵߵͷһۣʶڿʲô֮ϾȻЩΣֽõԱߵϡ

ҺȻӦ˹Ѳذ̸ղǸ˵ĽͷţѲǵһμ棿Ѳףǡൽһ룬з˵ģ

ɺȤذ̡

ذ̱ƵĻڣһۣ㿴Ҹʲôѽѽ

ƽʱƶˣҲû룬ѿڶɫɲ͡

ذһ漴Ӧٿӣ϶˹СӣҵЦҲҿˣ

һҾʶЦˣذ̧ʱұܵܣҵĶ߷˹ȥĹ˿ϡ

ҺÿҲҲˣһƵĻͷæǸԱһ˫Ȼذ̺ɵЦ


